Increased Frequency of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Detection at Potable Water Taps within the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 6127-6133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maura J. Donohue ◽  
Jatin H. Mistry ◽  
Joyce M. Donohue ◽  
Katharine O’Connell ◽  
Dawn King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals Isolation ofMycobacterium aviumfrom Potable Water in Homes and Institutions of Patients with HIV Infection in Finland and the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Ristola ◽  
Robert D. Arbeit ◽  
C. Fordham von Reyn ◽  
C. Robert Horsburgh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
The United States ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Symptomatic Disease

Symptomatic disease by nontuberculous mycobacteria has been linked to potable water from institutional and domestic potable water systems. Potable water samples were collected from homes and institutions of patients with AIDS. Colonization of potable water with nontuberculous mycobacteria was demonstrated in 230 (15%) of 1489 samples collected from domestic and institutional water systems of patients with HIV infection in the United States and Finland.Mycobacterium aviumwas the most common species and colonization was favored at temperatures of 40–50°C in recirculating hot water systems. Such systems are a plausible source of human infection and disease.

Intrathoracic Disease Associated With Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Complex in Otherwise Healthy Children: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Considerations

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 741-742
Author(s):  
Sandeep K. Gupta ◽  
Ben Z. Katz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenitis ◽  
Cervical Adenitis ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Intracellulare ◽  
Therapeutic Considerations

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a well described human pathogen.1 Less commonly, atypical or nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) can cause disease in humans. Recent studies report that NTM account for one-third of all pathogenic mycobacterial isolates in the United States.2 Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAI) is the most common NTM causing human disease.2 It is also the most common mycobacterial cause of cervical lymphadenitis in children in areas with low endemic rates of MTB infection.3 MAI/NTM infection other than cervical adenitis is unusual in children, except in those that are immunosuppressed.4 Rarely, MAI presents as mediastinal or endobronchial disease in otherwise healthy children.

scholarly journals Potable Water in the United States, Contaminants and Treatment: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 183-198
Author(s):  
Kaleh Karim ◽  
Sujata Guha ◽  
Ryan Beni
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
The United States

Water reuse criteria in the United States

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Crook ◽  
R.Y. Surampalli
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
The Us ◽  
Public Health Protection

Water reuse is well established in the United States, with uses ranging from pasture irrigation using reclaimed water that has received a low level of treatment, to augmentation of potable water supplies with highly treated reclaimed water. There are no federal regulations governing water reuse and criteria are developed at the state level. Criteria differ between states that have adopted regulations or guidelines, but criteria among states where water reuse is prevalent are similar and tend to be conservative, with public health protection being the most important consideration. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has published guidelines for water reuse that include recommended criteria for various reclaimed water applications.

scholarly journals Population Genomics of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Recovered from United States Cystic Fibrosis Patients

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabeeh A. Hasan ◽  
Rebecca M. Davidson ◽  
L. Elaine Epperson ◽  
Sara M. Kammlade ◽  
Rachael R. Rodger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Population Genomics ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mycobacterium Abscessus ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Emerging Pathogens

AbstractNontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) pose a threat to individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) due to an increased prevalence of pulmonary infections, innate drug resistance of the bacteria, and potential transmission between CF patients. To explore the genetic diversity of NTM isolated from CF patients within the United States (US) and to identify potential transmission events, we sequenced and analyzed the genomes of 341 NTM isolates from 191 CF patients as part of a nationwide surveillance study. The most abundant species in the isolate cohort wereMycobacterium abscessus(59.5%), followed by species in theMycobacterium aviumcomplex (37.5%). Phylogenomic analyses of the threeM. abscessussubspecies revealed that more than half of CF patients had isolates in one of four dominant clones, including two dominant clones ofM. abscessussubspeciesabscessusand two dominant clones ofM. abscessussubspeciesmassiliense. M. aviumisolates from US CF patients, however, do not have dominant clones and are phylogenetically diverse. Longitudinal NTM isolates were compared to determine genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that occur within patients over time. This information was used to compare between and within-patient SNP distributions, to quantitatively define SNP thresholds suggestive of transmission, and calculate a posterior probability of recent transmission given the SNP distance between two isolates from different patients. Out of 114 patients withM. abscessussubspecies, ten clusters of highly similar isolates from 26 patients were identified. Among the 26 patients in theM. abscessusclusters, 12 attended the same CF care centers. No highly similar isolate clusters were observed inM. avium. Our study reveals the contrasting genomic diversity and epidemiology of two major NTM taxa and the potential for between-patient exposure and cross-transmission of these emerging pathogens.

scholarly journals Impact of Chlorine and Chloramine on the Detection and Quantification of Legionella pneumophila and Mycobacterium Species

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maura J. Donohue ◽  
Steve Vesper ◽  
Jatin Mistry ◽  
Joyce M. Donohue
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
The United States ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacterium ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chlorine Residual

ABSTRACT Potable water can be a source of transmission for legionellosis and nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) infections and diseases. Legionellosis is caused largely by Legionella pneumophila, specifically serogroup 1 (Sg1). Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, and Mycobacterium abscessus are three leading species associated with pulmonary NTM disease. The estimated rates of these diseases are increasing in the United States, and the cost of treatment is high. Therefore, a national assessment of water disinfection efficacy for these pathogens was needed. The disinfectant type and total chlorine residual (TClR) were investigated to understand their influence on the detection and concentrations of the five pathogens in potable water. Samples (n = 358) were collected from point-of-use taps (cold or hot) from locations across the United States served by public water utilities that disinfected with chlorine or chloramine. The bacteria were detected and quantified using specific primer and probe quantitative-PCR (qPCR) methods. The total chlorine residual was measured spectrophotometrically. Chlorine was the more potent disinfectant for controlling the three mycobacterial species. Chloramine was effective at controlling L. pneumophila and Sg1. Plotting the TClR associated with positive microbial detection showed that an upward TClR adjustment could reduce the bacterial count in chlorinated water but was not as effective for chloramine. Each species of bacteria responded differently to the disinfection type, concentration, and temperature. There was no unifying condition among the water characteristics studied that achieved microbial control for all. This information will help guide disinfectant decisions aimed at reducing occurrences of these pathogens at consumer taps and as related to the disinfectant type and TClR. IMPORTANCE The primary purpose of tap water disinfection is to control the presence of microbes. This study evaluated the role of disinfectant choice on the presence at the tap of L. pneumophila, its Sg1 serogroup, and three species of mycobacteria in tap water samples collected at points of human exposure at locations across the United States. The study demonstrates that microbial survival varies based on the microbial species, disinfectant, and TClR.

scholarly journals Direct aqueous injection of the fluoroacetate anion in potable water for analysis by liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (46) ◽  
pp. 5524-5531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Parry ◽  
Stuart A. Willison
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Direct Aqueous Injection

Sodium fluoroacetate or Compound 1080 is a rodenticide registered in the United States for use in livestock protection collars.

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