scholarly journals Environmental Distributions of Benzo[a]pyrene in China: Current and Future Emission Reduction Scenarios Explored Using a Spatially Explicit Multimedia Fate Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (23) ◽  
pp. 13868-13877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhu ◽  
Shu Tao ◽  
Oliver R. Price ◽  
Huizhong Shen ◽  
Kevin C. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Future Emission ◽  
Fate Model

scholarly journals Detectability assessment of a satellite sensor for lower tropospheric ozone responses to its precursors emission changes in East Asian summer

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mizuo Kajino ◽  
Sachiko Hayashida ◽  
Tsuyoshi Thomas Sekiyama ◽  
Makoto Deushi ◽  
Kazuki Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Tropospheric Photochemistry ◽  
Recent Advancement ◽  
Satellite Sensors ◽  
Future Emission ◽  
Emission Changes ◽  
Satellite Sensor

AbstractSatellite sensors are powerful tools to monitor the spatiotemporal variations of air pollutants in large scales, but it has been challenging to detect surface O3 due to the presence of abundant stratospheric and upper tropospheric O3. East Asia is one of the most polluted regions in the world, but anthropogenic emissions such as NOx and SO2 began to decrease in 2010s. This trend was well observed by satellites, but the spatiotemporal impacts of these emission trends on O3 have not been well understood. Recent advancement in a retrieval method for the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) sensor enabled detection of lower tropospheric O3 and its legitimacy has been validated. In this study, we investigated the statistical significance for the OMI sensor to detect the lower tropospheric O3 responses to the future emission reduction of the O3 precursor gases over East Asia in summer, by utilizing a regional chemistry model. The emission reduction of 10, 25, 50, and 90% resulted in 4.4, 11, 23, and 53% decrease of the areal and monthly mean daytime simulated satellite-detectable O3 (ΔO3), respectively. The fractions of significant areas are 55, 84, 93, and 96% at a one-sided 95% confidence interval. Because of the recent advancement of satellite sensor technologies (e.g., TROPOMI), study on tropospheric photochemistry will be rapidly advanced in the near future. The current study proved the usefulness of such satellite analyses on the lower tropospheric O3 and its perturbations due to the precursor gas emission controls.

scholarly journals Assessing emission reduction targets with dynamic models: deriving target load functions for use in integrated assessment

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jenkins ◽  
B. J. Cosby ◽  
R. C. Ferrier ◽  
T. Larssen ◽  
M. Posch
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Critical Loads ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Critical Limit ◽  
Time Pattern ◽  
Surface Water Chemistry ◽  
Future Emission ◽  
State Models ◽  
Chemical Criterion

Abstract. International agreements to reduce the emission of acidifying sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) compounds have been negotiated on the basis of an understanding of the link between acidification related changes in soil and surface water chemistry and terrestrial and aquatic biota. The quantification of this link is incorporated within the concept of critical loads. Critical loads are calculated using steady state models and give no indication of the time within which acidified ecosystems might be expected to recover. Dynamic models provide an opportunity to assess the timescale of recovery and can go further to provide outputs which can be used in future emission reduction strategies. In this respect, the Target Load Function (TLF) is proposed as a means of assessing the deposition load necessary to restore a damaged ecosystem to some pre-defined acceptable state by a certain time in the future. A target load represents the deposition of S and N in a defined year (implementation year) for which the critical limit is achieved in a defined time (target year). A TLF is constructed using an appropriate dynamic model to determine the value of a chemical criterion at a given point in time given a temporal pattern of S and N deposition loads. A TLF requires information regarding: (i) the chemical criterion required to protect the chosen biological receptor (i.e. the critical limit); (ii) the year in which the critical limit is required to be achieved; and (iii) time pattern of future emission reductions. In addition, the TLF can be assessed for whole regions to incorporate the effect of these three essentially ecosystem management decisions. Keywords: emission reduction, critical load, target load, dynamic model, recovery time

scholarly journals The Analysis of CO2Emissions and Reduction Potential in China’s Transport Sector

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Huixia Zhang ◽  
Shuang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Intensity Change ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Intensity Effect ◽  
Future Emission ◽  
Policy Guidance ◽  
Kaya Identity

China’s transport sector is responsible for approximately 10% of national CO2emissions. In the process of industrialization and urbanization of China, emissions from transport sector would continuously increase. In order to investigate the emissions and reduction potential and provide the policy guidance for policymakers in China’s transport sector, this study decomposed the CO2emissions using the Kaya identity, calculated the contribution based on the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) method to explore the underlying determinants of emissions change, and then constructed different scenarios to predict the emissions and estimate the potential of emission reduction in the future. Results indicated that carbon emissions in China’s transport sector have increased from 123.14 Mt in 1995 to 670.76 Mt in 2012. Income effect is the dominant factor that results in the increase of emissions while energy intensity effect is the main driving force to lower carbon emissions. The transportation modal shifting, transportation intensity change, and population growth have the positive but relatively minor impact on emissions. The accumulated emission reduction is expected to be 1825.97 Mt, which is 3 times more than the emissions in 2010. Policy recommendations are thus put forward for future emission reduction.

Costs and Benefits of the Transition to Low-carbon Economyin Russia: Perspectives up to 2050

2014 ◽  
pp. 70-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Bashmakov ◽  
A. Myshak
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Emissions Mitigation ◽  
Very High

This paper investigates costs and benefits associated with low-carbon economic development pathways realization to the mid XXI century. 30 scenarios covering practically all “visions of the future” were developed by several research groups based on scenario assumptions agreed upon in advance. It is shown that with a very high probability Russian energy-related GHG emissions will reach the peak before 2050, which will be at least 11% below the 1990 emission level. The height of the peak depends on portfolio of GHG emissions mitigation measures. Efforts to keep 2050 GHG emissions 25-30% below the 1990 level bring no GDP losses. GDP impact of deep GHG emission reduction - by 50% of the 1990 level - varies from plus 4% to minus 9%. Finally, very deep GHG emission reduction - by 80% - may bring GDP losses of over 10%.

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