Enhanced Microbial Ferrihydrite Reduction by Pyrogenic Carbon: Impact of Graphitic Structures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wentao Yu ◽  
Chiheng Chu ◽  
Baoliang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Pyrogenic Carbon

scholarly journals Environmentally persistent free radicals are ubiquitous in wildfire charcoals and remain stable for years

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Sigmund ◽  
Cristina Santín ◽  
Marc Pignitter ◽  
Nathalie Tepe ◽  
Stefan H. Doerr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Pyrogenic Carbon ◽  
Spin Resonance ◽  
Long Time ◽  
High Concentrations

AbstractGlobally landscape fires produce about 256 Tg of pyrogenic carbon or charcoal each year. The role of charcoal as a source of environmentally persistent free radicals, which are precursors of potentially harmful reactive oxygen species, is poorly constrained. Here, we analyse 60 charcoal samples collected from 10 wildfires, that include crown as well as surface fires in forest, shrubland and grassland spanning different boreal, temperate, subtropical and tropical climate. Using electron spin resonance spectroscopy, we measure high concentrations of environmentally persistent free radicals in charcoal samples, much higher than those found in soils. Concentrations increased with degree of carbonization and woody fuels favoured higher concentrations. Moreover, environmentally persistent free radicals remained stable for an unexpectedly long time of at least 5 years. We suggest that wildfire charcoal is an important global source of environmentally persistent free radicals, and therefore potentially of harmful reactive oxygen species.

Pyrogenic Carbon Initiated the Generation of Hydroxyl Radicals from the Oxidation of Sulfide

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dixiang Wang ◽  
Danyu Huang ◽  
Song Wu ◽  
Guodong Fang ◽  
Fengxiao Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydroxyl Radicals ◽  
Pyrogenic Carbon

scholarly journals A late-Holocene multiproxy fire record from a tropical savanna, eastern Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia

The Holocene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 095968362098803
Author(s):  
Emma Rehn ◽  
Cassandra Rowe ◽  
Sean Ulm ◽  
Craig Woodward ◽  
Michael Bird
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Tropical Savanna ◽  
Anthropogenic Fire ◽  
Pyrogenic Carbon ◽  
Arnhem Land

Fire has a long history in Australia and is a key driver of vegetation dynamics in the tropical savanna ecosystems that cover one quarter of the country. Fire reconstructions are required to understand ecosystem dynamics over the long term but these data are lacking for the extensive savannas of northern Australia. This paper presents a multiproxy palaeofire record for Marura sinkhole in eastern Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia. The record is constructed by combining optical methods (counts and morphology of macroscopic and microscopic charcoal particles) and chemical methods (quantification of abundance and stable isotope composition of pyrogenic carbon by hydrogen pyrolysis). This novel combination of measurements enables the generation of a record of relative fire intensity to investigate the interplay between natural and anthropogenic influences. The Marura palaeofire record comprises three main phases: 4600–2800 cal BP, 2800–900 cal BP and 900 cal BP to present. Highest fire incidence occurs at ~4600–4000 cal BP, coinciding with regional records of high effective precipitation, and all fire proxies decline from that time to the present. 2800–900 cal BP is characterised by variable fire intensities and aligns with archaeological evidence of occupation at nearby Blue Mud Bay. All fire proxies decline significantly after 900 cal BP. The combination of charcoal and pyrogenic carbon measures is a promising proxy for relative fire intensity in sedimentary records and a useful tool for investigating potential anthropogenic fire regimes.

scholarly journals Pyrogenic carbon capture and storage

GCB Bioenergy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Peter Schmidt ◽  
Andrés Anca-Couce ◽  
Nikolas Hagemann ◽  
Constanze Werner ◽  
Dieter Gerten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Pyrogenic Carbon ◽  
And Storage

scholarly journals Century‐scale patterns and trends of global pyrogenic carbon emissions and fire influences on terrestrial carbon balance

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1549-1566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Yang ◽  
Hanqin Tian ◽  
Bo Tao ◽  
Wei Ren ◽  
Chaoqun Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
Pyrogenic Carbon

Impact of Graphitic Structures in Pyrogenic Carbon on Microbial Reduction of Ferrihydrite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
wentao yu ◽  
baoliang chen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Shewanella Oneidensis ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Microbial Reduction ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Extracellular Electron Transfer ◽  
Pyrogenic Carbon ◽  
The Impact

<p>Pyrogenic carbon plays important roles in microbial reduction of ferrihydrite by shuttling electrons in the extracellular electron transfer (EET) processes. Despite its importance, a full assessment on the impact of graphitic structures in pyrogenic carbon on microbial reduction of ferrihydrite has not been conducted. This study is a systematic evaluation of microbial ferrihydrite reduction by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 in the presence of pyrogenic carbon with various graphitization extents. The results showed that the rates and extents of microbial ferrihydrite reduction were significantly enhanced in the presence of pyrogenic carbon, and increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. Combined spectroscopic and electrochemical analyses suggested that the rate of microbial ferrihydrite reduction were dependent on the electrical conductivity of pyrogenic carbon (i.e., graphitization extent), rather than the electron exchange capacity. The key role of graphitic structures in pyrogenic carbon in mediating EET was further evidenced by larger microbial electrolysis current with pyrogenic carbon prepared at higher pyrolysis temperatures. This study provides new insights into the electron transfer in the pyrogenic carbon-mediated microbial reduction of ferrihydrite.</p>

Terrestrial pyrogenic carbon export to fluvial ecosystems: Lessons learned from the White Nile watershed of East Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1911-1928 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Güereña ◽  
Johannes Lehmann ◽  
Todd Walter ◽  
Akio Enders ◽  
Henry Neufeldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Carbon Export ◽  
Pyrogenic Carbon ◽  
White Nile ◽  
Fluvial Ecosystems

scholarly journals Pyrogenic carbon distribution in mineral topsoils of the northeastern United States

Geoderma ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena Jauss ◽  
Patrick J. Sullivan ◽  
Jonathan Sanderman ◽  
David B. Smith ◽  
Johannes Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Carbon Distribution ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Pyrogenic Carbon
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