Life Cycle Exposure to Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Diphenyl Phosphate (DPhP) Inhibits Growth and Energy Metabolism of Zebrafish in a Sex-Specific Manner

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiliang Chen ◽  
Xiaolong Lian ◽  
Jingjing An ◽  
Ningbo Geng ◽  
Haijun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Diphenyl Phosphate

scholarly journals Role of DegQ in differential stability of flagellin subunits in Vibrio vulnificus

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
You-Chul Jung ◽  
Mi-Ae Lee ◽  
Han-Shin Kim ◽  
Kyu-Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Differential Regulation ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Differential Stability ◽  
Methionine Residues

AbstractBiofilm formation of Vibrio vulnificus is initiated by adherence of flagellated cells to surfaces, and then flagellum-driven motility is not necessary during biofilm maturation. Once matured biofilms are constructed, cells become flagellated and swim to disperse from biofilms. As a consequence, timely regulations of the flagellar components’ expression are crucial to complete a biofilm life-cycle. In this study, we demonstrated that flagellins’ production is regulated in a biofilm stage-specific manner, via activities of a protease DegQ and a chaperone FlaJ. Among four flagellin subunits for V. vulnificus filament, FlaC had the highest affinities to hook-associated proteins, and is critical for maturating flagellum, showed the least susceptibility to DegQ due to the presence of methionine residues in its DegQ-sensitive domains, ND1 and CD0. Therefore, differential regulation by DegQ and FlaJ controls the cytoplasmic stability of flagellins, which further determines the motility-dependent, stage-specific development of biofilms.

scholarly journals Directions for research and development of anti-tuberculosis drugs

Farmacist ro ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Nicolae Bacinschi ◽  
Sofia Alexandru ◽  
Anna Donica ◽  
Ina Guţu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Disease Evolution ◽  
New Targets ◽  
New Compounds

The increasing incidence of new cases of tuberculosis, of latent forms and with multiple and extended resistance, required the acceleration of the research and elaboration of the anti-tuberculosis drugs by elucidating new targets. The main directions of study of the new compounds focused on the influence on the cell wall, the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids, the energy metabolism, as well as on the immune status of the host. At the base of these strategies were the data regarding the structural components and the particularities of the life cycle of mycobacteria at different stages of disease evolution.

scholarly journals Trypanosoma brucei PRMT1 Is a Nucleic Acid Binding Protein with a Role in Energy Metabolism and the Starvation Stress Response

mBio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Kafková ◽  
Chengjian Tu ◽  
Kyle L. Pazzo ◽  
Kyle P. Smith ◽  
Erik W. Debler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Starvation Stress ◽  
Cycle Progression ◽  
Arginine Methyltransferase ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT In Trypanosoma brucei and related kinetoplastid parasites, transcription of protein coding genes is largely unregulated. Rather, mRNA binding proteins, which impact processes such as transcript stability and translation efficiency, are the predominant regulators of gene expression. Arginine methylation is a posttranslational modification that preferentially targets RNA binding proteins and is, therefore, likely to have a substantial impact on T. brucei biology. The data presented here demonstrate that cells depleted of T. brucei PRMT1 (TbPRMT1), a major type I protein arginine methyltransferase, exhibit decreased virulence in an animal model. To understand the basis of this phenotype, quantitative global proteomics was employed to measure protein steady-state levels in cells lacking TbPRMT1. The approach revealed striking changes in proteins involved in energy metabolism. Most prominent were a decrease in glycolytic enzyme abundance and an increase in proline degradation pathway components, changes that resemble the metabolic remodeling that occurs during T. brucei life cycle progression. The work describes several RNA binding proteins whose association with mRNA was altered in TbPRMT1-depleted cells, and a large number of TbPRMT1-interacting proteins, thereby highlighting potential TbPRMT1 substrates. Many proteins involved in the T. brucei starvation stress response were found to interact with TbPRMT1, prompting analysis of the response of TbPRMT1-depleted cells to nutrient deprivation. Indeed, depletion of TbPRMT1 strongly hinders the ability of T. brucei to form cytoplasmic mRNA granules under starvation conditions. Finally, this work shows that TbPRMT1 itself binds nucleic acids in vitro and in vivo, a feature completely novel to protein arginine methyltransferases. IMPORTANCE Trypanosoma brucei infection causes human African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness, a disease with a nearly 100% fatality rate when untreated. Current drugs are expensive, toxic, and highly impractical to administer, prompting the community to explore various unique aspects of T. brucei biology in search of better treatments. In this study, we identified the protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT), TbPRMT1, as a factor that modulates numerous aspects of T. brucei biology. These include glycolysis and life cycle progression signaling, both of which are being intensely researched toward identification of potential drug targets. Our data will aid research in those fields. Furthermore, we demonstrate for the first time a direct association of a PRMT with nucleic acids, a finding we believe could translate to other organisms, including humans, thereby impacting research in fields as distant as human cancer biology and immune response modulation.

Ca2+fluxes in developingTrichoderma viridemycelium

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin ŠŠimkovič ◽  
Svetlana Kryšštofová ◽  
L'udovít Varečka
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Microsomal Fraction ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Mitochondrial Fraction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Submerged Cultivation ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
X Ray

The properties of both Ca2+influx and efflux in the mycelium during the life cycle of Trichoderma viride were studied by means of45Ca2+and by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy measurements. The properties of the45Ca2+influx and effluxes indicate that they are mediated by different transport systems. The Ca2+influx could be mediated by an electrogenic Ca2+/nH+antiport, or by an Ca2+uniport system. Both Ca2+influx and efflux were stimulated by the uncouplers (and the treatment leading to the suppression of energy metabolism) and by azalomycin F, an antifungal agent. Salicylate stimulated the Ca2+efflux, but inhibited the Ca2+influx. In the isolated preparation of crude vacuolar/mitochondrial fraction, salicylate induced the Ca2+release, as did A23187. Azalomycin F moderately released Ca2+from the microsomal fraction. On the other hand, uncouplers did not release Ca2+from the isolated organelles, but inhibited to a different extent the ATP-dependent and -independent Ca2+influx. The results could be explained in terms of the capacitative Ca2+influx mechanism. The rate of45Ca2+influx, or of the40Ca2+content, was maximal after about 30 h of submerged cultivation, and then decreased. The results show that loading of internal Ca2+stores occurs in the early stages of the development of mycelium only, and the Ca2+influx mechanism is developmentally down-regulated, being almost nonexistent during its later stages. In older mycelium, growth seems to be autonomous of the extracellular Ca2+until the onset of conidiation.Key words: Trichoderma viride, development, Ca2+influx, Ca2+efflux, salicylate, uncoupler, azalomycin F.

Olive oil-rich diet during pregnancy/lactation attenuated the early life stress effects on depressive-like behavior and altered energy metabolism in the dorsal hippocampus in a sex-specific manner

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Alessandra Gonçalves Machado ◽  
Ana Caroline Silva Silveira ◽  
Ariadni Mesquita Peres ◽  
Natividade de Sá Couto-Pereira ◽  
Andressa Araujo Trindade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Dorsal Hippocampus ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Specific Manner

Mitochondrial matrix calcium ions regulate energy production in myocardium: A cytochemical study

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
W.A. Jacob ◽  
R. Hertsens ◽  
A. Van Bogaert ◽  
M. De Smet
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Regulation Of Respiration ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Mitochondrial Matrix ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Nmr Techniques

In the past most studies of the control of energy metabolism focus on the role of the phosphorylation potential ATP/ADP.Pi on the regulation of respiration. Studies using NMR techniques have demonstrated that the concentrations of these compounds for oxidation phosphorylation do not change appreciably throughout the cardiac cycle and during increases in cardiac work. Hence regulation of energy production by calcium ions, present in the mitochondrial matrix, has been the object of a number of recent studies.Three exclusively intramitochondnal dehydrogenases are key enzymes for the regulation of oxidative metabolism. They are activated by calcium ions in the low micromolar range. Since, however, earlier estimates of the intramitochondnal calcium, based on equilibrium thermodynamic considerations, were in the millimolar range, a physiological correlation was not evident. The introduction of calcium-sensitive probes fura-2 and indo-1 made monitoring of free calcium during changing energy metabolism possible. These studies were performed on isolated mitochondria and extrapolation to the in vivo situation is more or less speculative.

Ultrastructural analysis of “Sensory” surface nerve endings and “putative” neurotransmitter sites in Schistosoma mansoni Miracidia

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 962-963
Author(s):  
Betty Ruth Jones ◽  
Steve Chi-Tang Pan
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Snail Host ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Basic Biology

INTRODUCTION: Schistosomiasis has been described as “one of the most devastating diseases of mankind, second only to malaria in its deleterious effects on the social and economic development of populations in many warm areas of the world.” The disease is worldwide and is probably spreading faster and becoming more intense than the overall research efforts designed to provide the basis for countering it. Moreover, there are indications that the development of water resources and the demands for increasing cultivation and food in developing countries may prevent adequate control of the disease and thus the number of infections are increasing.Our knowledge of the basic biology of the parasites causing the disease is far from adequate. Such knowledge is essential if we are to develop a rational approach to the effective control of human schistosomiasis. The miracidium is the first infective stage in the complex life cycle of schistosomes. The future of the entire life cycle depends on the capacity and ability of this organism to locate and enter a suitable snail host for further development, Little is known about the nervous system of the miracidium of Schistosoma mansoni and of other trematodes. Studies indicate that miracidia contain a well developed and complex nervous system that may aid the larvae in locating and entering a susceptible snail host (Wilson, 1970; Brooker, 1972; Chernin, 1974; Pan, 1980; Mehlhorn, 1988; and Jones, 1987-1988).

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