ENSO Climate Forcing of the Marine Mercury Cycle in the Peruvian Upwelling Zone Does Not Affect Methylmercury Levels of Marine Avian Top Predators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Renedo ◽  
David Point ◽  
Jeroen E. Sonke ◽  
Anne Lorrain ◽  
Hervé Demarcq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Forcing ◽  
Top Predators ◽  
Mercury Cycle

Making protected area networks effective for marine top predators

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Hooker ◽  
A Cañadas ◽  
KD Hyrenbach ◽  
C Corrigan ◽  
JJ Polovina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Top Predators

Alpine vegetation of the Ivanovskiy, Prokhodnoy and Rossypnoy Ridges (Western Altai)

2015 ◽  
pp. 96-124
Author(s):  
E. G. Zibzeev ◽  
T. A. Nedovesova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Climate Forcing ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
Mountain Systems ◽  
Mountain Vegetation ◽  
Coenotic Diversity

The mountain systems are characterized by diverse ecological conditions (climate, geomorphological, soil, etc.). The wide spectrum of environmental conditions entails a rich diversity of plant communities growing on the small territory and determines the different flora and vegetation geneses. The uniqueness of floristic and coenotic diversities of the high-mountain vegetation of the south of Western Altai (Ivanovskiy, Prokhodnoi, and Rossypnoi Ranges) are associated with the effect of two climate-forcing factors such as the westerly humid air mass and dry warm airflow from the inner Kazakhstan regions. The paper summarizes the data on coenotic diversity (Zibzeev, 2010, 2012) and gives a syntaxonomic analysis of the high-mountain vege­tation in the Ivanovskii, Prokhodnoi, and Rossypnoi Ranges (Western Altai, Kazakhstan). The classification of plant communities was carried out using the Braun-Blanquet approach (Westhoff, van der Maarel, 1973). The relevés records were stored in the TURBOVEG database and classified by ­TWINSPAN (Hill 1979).

UNCERTAINTY FROM CLIMATE FORCING OF PROJECTIONS IN GLACIER MELT FOR HIGH MOUNTAIN ASIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. I_211-I_216
Author(s):  
Megumi WATANABE ◽  
Aki YANAGAWA ◽  
Yukiko HIRABAYASHI ◽  
Satoshi WATANABE ◽  
Akiko SAKAI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Forcing ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Glacier Melt

Trophic Cascades in Grasslands

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Wilsey
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Temperate Grasslands ◽  
Cascading Effect ◽  
Top Predators ◽  
Invertebrate Predators ◽  
Ecology Of Fear

Top predators have effects that can ‘cascade down’ on lower trophic levels. Because of this cascading effect, it matters how many trophic levels are present. Predators are either ‘sit and wait’ or ‘active’. Wolves are top predators in temperate grasslands and can alter species composition of smaller-sized predators, prey, and woody and herbaceous plant species, either through direct effects or indirect effects (‘Ecology of Fear’). In human derived grasslands, invertebrate predators fill a similar ecological role as wolves. Migrating populations of herbivores tend to be more limited by food than non-migratory populations. The phenology and synchrony of births vary among prey species in a way that is consistent with an adaptation to predation. Precocious species have highly synchronous birth dates to satiate predators. Non-precocious species (‘hiders’) have asynchronous births. Results from studies that manipulate both predators and food support the hypothesis that bottom-up and top-down effects interact.

scholarly journals Indian Grey Wolf and Striped Hyaena sharing from the same bowl: High niche overlap between top predators in a human-dominated landscape

2021 ◽  
pp. e01682
Author(s):  
Tanoy Mukherjee ◽  
Ishita Chongder ◽  
Shankhamala Ghosh ◽  
Akash dutta ◽  
Abhishek Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Grey Wolf ◽  
Top Predators

scholarly journals High-Tech Training for Birds of Prey

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 530
Author(s):  
Giovanni Granati ◽  
Francesca Cichella ◽  
Pia Lucidi
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Wild Bird ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Birds Of Prey ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Top Predators ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Technologies

Raptors are some of the most at-risk groups of birds in the world and saving these top predators is essential for maintaining the health of many ecosystems. After hospitalization, raptors are often released when muscular recovery is still unfitting when they are unable to hunt efficiently and are at risk of dying from starvation within a few days. On the other hand, if a convalescent bird is trained with the only use of classic falconry techniques, it is likely to remain dependent on the caretaker/falconer even long after the release, so unable to hunt independently. To overcome these problems, a new training method was conceived, which could improve raptors’ muscular strength while limiting habituation to humans. This has been possible due to the combination of classic falconry techniques and modern technologies, such as the introduction of specific workouts with drones. Three falconry raptors and one wild Eurasian hobby were trained through high-tech falconry to develop the ability to catch, grasp, and airlift their prey at a different speed, altitude, and resistance. The main findings of this study were: (i) The rapid increase of the raptors’ speed; (ii) the muscular growth and endurance, and (iii) successful reintroduction of a wild bird.

scholarly journals Modeling of Carbonyl/Ammonium Sulfate Aqueous Brown Carbon Chemistry via UV/Vis Spectral Decomposition

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengjie Fan ◽  
Shiqing Ma ◽  
Nahin Ferdousi ◽  
Ziwei Dai ◽  
Joseph L. Woo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Forcing ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Brown Carbon ◽  
Reaction Systems ◽  
Reaction Rate Constants ◽  
Kinetic Information ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Aggregate Effect ◽  
Light Absorbance

The proper characterization of aqueous brown carbon (BrC) species, their formation, and their light absorbance properties is critical to understanding the aggregate effect that they have on overall atmospheric aerosol climate forcing. The contribution of dark chemistry secondary organic aerosol (SOA) products from carbonyl-containing organic compounds (CVOCs) to overall aqueous aerosol optical properties is expected to be significant. However, the multiple, parallel pathways that take place within CVOC reaction systems and the differing chromophoricity of individual products complicates the ability to reliably model the chemical kinetics taking place. Here, we proposed an alternative method of representing UV-visible absorbance spectra as a composite of Gaussian lineshape functions to infer kinetic information. Multiple numbers of curves and different CVOC/ammonium reaction systems were compared. A model using three fitted Gaussian curves with magnitudes following first-order kinetics achieved an accuracy within 65.5% in the 205–300-nm range across multiple organic types and solution aging times. Asymmetrical peaks that occurred in low-200-nm wavelengths were decomposed into two overlapping Gaussian curves, which may have been attributable to different functional groups or families of reaction products. Component curves within overall spectra exhibited different dynamics, implying that the utilization of absorbance at a single reference wavelength to infer reaction rate constants may result in misrepresentative kinetics for these systems.

scholarly journals Deficiency syndromes in top predators associated with large-scale changes in the Baltic Sea ecosystem

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. e0227714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanna Majaneva ◽  
Emil Fridolfsson ◽  
Michele Casini ◽  
Catherine Legrand ◽  
Elin Lindehoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Top Predators ◽  
The Baltic
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