Modeling of Flame Retardants in Typical Urban Indoor Environments in China during 2010–2030: Influence of Policy and Decoration and Implications for Human Exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (17) ◽  
pp. 11745-11755
Author(s):  
Zengwei Li ◽  
Ying Zhu ◽  
Dou Wang ◽  
Xianming Zhang ◽  
Kevin C. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Exposure ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Indoor Environments

A review on sources of brominated flame retardants and routes of human exposure with emphasis on polybrominated diphenyl ethers

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (NA) ◽  
pp. 239-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adegbenro P. Daso ◽  
Olalekan S. Fatoki ◽  
James P. Odendaal ◽  
Jonathan O. Okonkwo
Keyword(s):  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Diphenyl Ether ◽  
Brominated Flame Retardants ◽  
Dermal Absorption ◽  
Indoor Dust ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Environmental Matrices

The presence of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in various environmental matrices, including humans, has been well documented. Increasing levels of these emerging contaminants in various environmental compartments suggest the wide application of these chemicals in products of everyday use. The release of BFRs from treated products is generally believed to be the major source of these contaminants into the environment, particularly in indoor environments. The sources and pathways through which BFRs enter the human system are evaluated in this paper. Human exposure via consumption of contaminated food and water, inhalation and ingestion of dust, as well as dermal absorption, are important pathways for these contaminants. Consumption of fatty foods especially fish, meat, dairy products as well as human milk constitute important routes for human exposure to these contaminants. Although brominated diphenyl ether (BDE) 209 has been found to be less bioaccumulative due to its high molecular weight, its dominance in indoor dust samples could be responsible for its detection in most human tissues investigated. BDE 47 is the most dominant polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congener found in human tissues. Regional differences in BFR levels in various environmental and biological matrices reflect their consumption patterns with higher levels mostly reported in the North American environments than in other regions of the world.

Brominated flame retardants in house dust from e-waste recycling and urban areas in South China: Implications on human exposure

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Yun-Juan Ma ◽  
She-Jun Chen ◽  
Mi Tian ◽  
Xiao-Jun Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
House Dust ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Brominated Flame Retardants ◽  
Waste Recycling

Hair and Nails as Noninvasive Biomarkers of Human Exposure to Brominated and Organophosphate Flame Retardants

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 3065-3073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang-Ying Liu ◽  
Ka He ◽  
Ronald A. Hites ◽  
Amina Salamova
Keyword(s):  
Human Exposure ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Noninvasive Biomarkers

Occurrence of alternative flame retardants in indoor dust from New Zealand: Indoor sources and human exposure assessment

Chemosphere ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 1276-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadeem Ali ◽  
Alin C. Dirtu ◽  
Nele Van den Eede ◽  
Emma Goosey ◽  
Stuart Harrad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Indoor Dust ◽  
Indoor Sources ◽  
Human Exposure Assessment
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