Chemical Pollution Levels in a River Explain Site-Specific Sensitivities to Micropollutants within a Genetically Homogeneous Population of Freshwater Amphipods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vid Švara ◽  
Martin Krauss ◽  
Stefan G. Michalski ◽  
Rolf Altenburger ◽  
Werner Brack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Homogeneous Population ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Freshwater Amphipods

Impact of site-specific fertilizing management in carbon and water footprint. The case of cotton under Mediterranean conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios Papadopoulos ◽  
Gerasimos Troyanos ◽  
Dionissios Kalivas ◽  
Maria Doula ◽  
Stamatios Kavasilis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Footprint ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Specific Management

<p>In field homogenous application of fertilizers can be considered as a non-environment friendly agricultural practice as it ignores site specific variations of soil and plant properties. Conventional fertilizing management usually results in overfertilization guiding to burdens of the environment in terms of chemical pollution in soil-water system and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions in the atmosphere. The effects are expected to be more severe in Mediterranean region under the evolving climate change. Site-specific fertilizing management on the other hand, poses a practice that is adapted to high precision spatial soil, climatic and plant conditions. In this sense, the agricultural practices are properly adjusted to the needs of the crops. The research is focused on the assessment of the impacts of conventional and site-specific management of nitrogen fertilization to carbon and water footprint at cotton cultivation in field level. The study area concerns two cotton fields in Central Greece that were monitored with the use of classical soil analytical methods and remote sensing sensors throughout a cultivation period. The monitoring process led to the delineation of the fields in different management zones needing variable fertilizing doses. Further, all conventionally applied practices were annotated concerning the last 4-year period in order to collect historical fertilizing data. In both cases (conventional and site-specific) the carbon and water (blue, green, grey) footprints of the two fields were calculated. Carbon footprint was calculated by assessing IPCC 2006 guidelines (updated in 2019) as regards direct and LULUCF emissions. For this, Tier 2 emission factors were used for the main emission categories, as these were defined by the Greek State, while for the other categories, emission factors of Tier 1 of IPCC guidelines were used. For the determination of water footprint, local meteorological data and cotton development stages concerning Greek conditions were used. The determination of the footprints was realized with the use of a software tool developed by the BalkanROAD project in the framework of INTERREG Balkan-Mediterranean 2014-2020 programme, which addresses territorial competitiveness and environment. Preliminary results show encouraging prospective for the improvement of carbon and water footprint when shifting from conventional to site-specific management.</p>

scholarly journals Investigation of Susceptibility Levels of Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations to Synthetic Pyrethroids in Antalya Province of Turkey

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onder Ser ◽  
Huseyin Cetin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
The World ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

Background: Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) is an important vector of several pathogens. This mosquito is widely distributed throughout the world. We aimed to determine the susceptibility levels of Cx. pipiens populations to some synthetic pyrethroid insecticides in Antalya, Turkey. Methods: The immature stages of mosquitoes were collected from eight locations in Alanya, Döşemealtı, Kemer, Kumluca, and Manavgat districts of Antalya between Apr and Oct of 2017. Adult susceptibility tests were carried out according to a modified version of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention bottle bioassay. In the tests, the World Health Organization recommended diagnostic doses; permethrin (0.75%), etofenprox (0.5%), deltamethrin (0.05%) and lambda-cyhalothrin (0.05%) were used. Results: As a result of the susceptibility tests, deltamethrin was the least effective insecticide and it caused 58.78–97.56% mortalities on Cx. pipiens populations while permethrin was the most effective substance that caused 100% mortality on all populations. While all of the tested populations were found susceptible to permethrin, and possible resistant or resistant to deltamethrin. Etofenprox and lambda-cyhalothrin led to 91.54–100% and 93.1–100% mortali­ties, respectively. Conclusion: The possible resistance or resistance to deltamethrin in all the areas is caused by the widespread use of this chemical against pests in agriculture and public health applications for long-term. Moreover, a concordance was found between resistance levels and the intensity of pesticide application in agriculture and public health, and organic and chemical pollution levels in the sampled habitats.

scholarly journals Living Environment Quality Determinants, Including PM2.5 and PM10 Dust Pollution in the Context of Spatial Issues—The Case of Radzionków

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Blazy
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Environment Quality ◽  
Central Heating ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

This article discusses living environment determinants in Central and Eastern Europe. It is based on a case study of the city of Radzionków, which has 16 thousand inhabitants and is located in the Silesian agglomeration in southern Poland. Hard coal has been mined in this area for almost two hundred years, and it is the main fuel used for central heating. A total of 360 buildings, divided into groups of 60 buildings each, were investigated in the selected city. Three distinct areas were distinguished in terms of living environment quality, depending on building technical condition, heating method and location. These qualities were found to be largely determined by site-specific spatial and geophysical conditions. A significant portion of the literature was found to ignore the spatial factors mentioned in this paper, instead focusing primarily on statistical data concerning pollution. This study examines site-specific variables and presents differences in air pollution levels as examined in relation to the morphological structure of development, the degree of building modernisation and heating system types.

Large-cluster and combined fluorescent and gold immunoprobes

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 892-893
Author(s):  
Richard D. Powell ◽  
James F. Hainfeld ◽  
Carol M. R. Halsey ◽  
David L. Spector ◽  
Shelley Kaurin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Cluster ◽  
Sulfonyl Chloride ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Fab Fragments ◽  
Cluster Label ◽  
Covalently Linked ◽  
Texas Red ◽  
Fold Excess

Two new types of covalently linked, site-specific immunoprobes have been prepared using metal cluster labels, and used to stain components of cells. Combined fluorescein and 1.4 nm “Nanogold” labels were prepared by using the fluorescein-conjugated tris (aryl) phosphine ligand and the amino-substituted ligand in the synthesis of the Nanogold cluster. This cluster label was activated by reaction with a 60-fold excess of (sulfo-Succinimidyl-4-N-maleiniido-cyclohexane-l-carboxylate (sulfo-SMCC) at pH 7.5, separated from excess cross-linking reagent by gel filtration, and mixed in ten-fold excess with Goat Fab’ fragments against mouse IgG (obtained by reduction of F(ab’)2 fragments with 50 mM mercaptoethylamine hydrochloride). Labeled Fab’ fragments were isolated by gel filtration HPLC (Superose-12, Pharmacia). A combined Nanogold and Texas Red label was also prepared, using a Nanogold cluster derivatized with both and its protected analog: the cluster was reacted with an eight-fold excess of Texas Red sulfonyl chloride at pH 9.0, separated from excess Texas Red by gel filtration, then deprotected with HC1 in methanol to yield the amino-substituted label.

The challenge of detecting modifications on proteins

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Elizabeth Smith ◽  
Adelina Rogowska-Wrzesinska
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Lysine Acetylation ◽  
Mass Determination ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
The Common

Abstract Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are integral to the regulation of protein function, characterising their role in this process is vital to understanding how cells work in both healthy and diseased states. Mass spectrometry (MS) facilitates the mass determination and sequencing of peptides, and thereby also the detection of site-specific PTMs. However, numerous challenges in this field continue to persist. The diverse chemical properties, low abundance, labile nature and instability of many PTMs, in combination with the more practical issues of compatibility with MS and bioinformatics challenges, contribute to the arduous nature of their analysis. In this review, we present an overview of the established MS-based approaches for analysing PTMs and the common complications associated with their investigation, including examples of specific challenges focusing on phosphorylation, lysine acetylation and redox modifications.

MEMORY EFFECTS IN THE FRAGMENTATION OF MOLECULES FOLLOWING SITE-SPECIFIC CORE EXCITATION

1987 ◽  
Vol 48 (C9) ◽  
pp. C9-741-C9-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. HABENICHT ◽  
L. A. CHEWTER ◽  
M. SANDER ◽  
K. MÜLLER-DETHLEFS ◽  
E. W. SCHLAG
Keyword(s):  
Memory Effects ◽  
Core Excitation ◽  
Site Specific

Culture of Arterial Endothelial Cells

1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (03) ◽  
pp. 825-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francois M Booyse ◽  
Bonnie J Sedlak ◽  
Max E Rafelson
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Intercellular Junctions ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Population Doubling ◽  
Homogeneous Population ◽  
Bovine Endothelial Cells ◽  
Pinocytotic Vesicles ◽  
Arterial Endothelial Cells ◽  
Doubling Times

SummaryArterial endothelial cells were obtained from bovine aortae by mild treatment with collagenase and medium perfusion. These cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium containing 15 mM Hepes buffer and 35% fetal calf serum at pH 7.35. Essentially ah (90–95%) the effluent cells were viable and 80% of these cells attached to the substratum within 1 hour. Small patches of attached cells coalesced to form confluent monolayers in 3–5 days. Confluent monolayers of endothelial cells consisted of a homogeneous population of tightly packed, polygonal cells. Selected cultures were serially subcultured (trypsin-EDTA) for 12–14 months (30–35 passages) without any apparent change in morphology or loss of growth characteristics. Primary and three-month old (15 passages) cultures had population doubling times of 32–34 hours and 29–31 hours, respectively. These cells (primary and subcultures) did not require a minimum cell number to become established in culture. Bovine endothelial cells (primary, first, fifth and thirteenth passages) were characterized ultrastructurally by the presence of Weibel-Palade bodies, pinocytotic vesicles and microfilaments and immunologically by the presence of thrombosthenin-like contractile proteins and Factor VIII antigen. The intercellular junctions of post-confluent cultures stained specifically with silver nitrate. From these data, we concluded that identifiable endothelial cells could be obtained from bovine aortae and cultured and maintained for prolonged periods of time.

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