scholarly journals Impact of the Heterogeneity in Free Chlorine, UV254, and Ozone Susceptibilities Among Coxsackievirus B5 on the Prediction of the Overall Inactivation Efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 3156-3164
Author(s):  
Shotaro Torii ◽  
Fuminari Miura ◽  
Masae Itamochi ◽  
Kei Haga ◽  
Kazuhiko Katayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Inactivation Efficiency

Behaviour of Coli Phages in Oxidation Ponds

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Omura ◽  
H. K. Shin ◽  
A. Ketratanakul
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Viral Inactivation ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Oxidation Ponds ◽  
Incubation Temperatures ◽  
Inactivation Efficiency

Coliphages are among the most promising indicators of viral inactivation efficiency of wastewater treatment. Therefore, it is important to investigate the behaviour of coliphages in oxidation ponds from the viewpoint of predicting the inactivation of infectious viruses. In this study, numbers of coliphages were measured in oxidation ponds consisting of a series of facultative and maturation ponds. In parallel with this investigation, the effects of temperature and pH on the behaviour of coliphages were examined in the laboratory, employing three species of coliform bacteria as host cells. The field investigation showed that there was positive correlation between counts of coliphages and those of coliform bacteria, and that more than 99% of coliphages were inactivated. The inactivation efficiency of coliphages in the facultative pond was much higher than in the maturation pond. The results of the laboratory experiments indicated that at 30°C more than 99% of the coliform group were destroyed in 7 days of incubation and that coliphages counts increased from 105/100 ml to 107/100 ml with a lag time of 3 days. Greater reduction of the coliform count was obtained at higher incubation temperatures. It was observed that the coliphages possessed greater ability to attack coliform bacteria at acidic rather than alkaline pH.

Efficacy of a combined system of copper and silver and free chlorine for inactivation of Naegleria fowleri amoebas in water

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 119-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Cassells ◽  
M. T. Yahya ◽  
C. P. Gerba ◽  
J. B. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Silver Ions ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Log10 Reduction ◽  
Naegleria Fowleri ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Nægleria Fowleri ◽  
Time Required

Electrolytically generated copper and silver ions (400:40 and 800:80 μg/l) were evaluated, separately and combined with 1.0 mg/l free chlorine, for their efficacy in reducing the viable numbers of Naegleria fowleri amoebas in water (pH 7.3 and 23-25°C). Inactivation rates (k = log10 reduction/min) and T99 values (exposure time required to achieve a 99% or a 2 log10 reduction) of the disinfectants were determined. Copper and silver alone, at ratio of 400:40 to 800:80 μg/l caused no significant inactivation of N. fowleri even after 72 hours of exposure (k = 0.00017 and 0.00013, respectively). Addition of 1.0 mg/l free chlorine to water which contained 400:40 or 800:80 μg/l copper and silver resulted in enhanced inactivation rates (k = 0.458 and 0.515, respectively) compared to either chlorine alone (k = 0.33) or the metals alone. Water containing 800:80 μg/l copper and silver with 1.0 mg/l chlorine showed a T99 value of 3.9 minutes, while chlorine alone showed a T99 of 6.1 minutes. Enhanced inactivation of N. fowleri by a combined system of free chlorine and copper and silver may be attributed to the different mechanism that each disinfectant utilizes in inactivating the amoebas, and may suggest a synergistic effect.

The Use of Free Chlorine and PolyDADMAC Coagulants to Improve Filtrate Quality and Reduce Dose in Thermally Hydrolyzed Anaerobically Digested Biosolids

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (15) ◽  
pp. 3199-3207
Author(s):  
Trung Le ◽  
Ahmed Al-Omari ◽  
Tanush Wadhawan ◽  
Salil Kharkar ◽  
Matthew Higgins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Chlorine

scholarly journals Electrochemical detection of free-chlorine in Water samples facilitated by in-situ pH control using interdigitated microelectrodes

2020 ◽  
Vol 325 ◽  
pp. 128774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Seymour ◽  
Benjamin O’Sullivan ◽  
Pierre Lovera ◽  
James F. Rohan ◽  
Alan O’Riordan
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Detection ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Interdigitated Microelectrodes

Membrane-based colorimetric flow-injection system for online free chlorine monitoring in drinking water

2021 ◽  
Vol 327 ◽  
pp. 128905
Author(s):  
Ming Zhou ◽  
Tianling Li ◽  
Meng Zu ◽  
Shanqing Zhang ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Flow Injection ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Flow Injection System

Correction to Reactivity of BrCl, Br2, BrOCl, Br2O and HOBr Toward Dimethenamid in Solutions of Bromide + Aqueous Free Chlorine

2013 ◽  
pp. 130723133558005
Author(s):  
John D. Sivey ◽  
J. Samuel Arey ◽  
Peter R. Tentscher ◽  
A. Lynn Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Free Chlorine
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