Silica Nanoparticle Dissolution Rate Controls the Suppression of Fusarium Wilt of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunho Kang ◽  
Wade Elmer ◽  
Yu Shen ◽  
Nubia Zuverza-Mena ◽  
Chuanxin Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Silica Nanoparticle

scholarly journals QTL Mapping Identifies Novel Source of Resistance to Fusarium Wilt Race 1 in Citrullus amarus

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 984-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra E. Branham ◽  
Amnon Levi ◽  
W. Patrick Wechter
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Mapping Study ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Genetic Source ◽  
Genetic Mapping Study

Fusarium wilt race 1, caused by the soilborne fungus Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.: Fr. f. sp. niveum (E.F. Sm.) W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hans (Fon), is a major disease of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) in the United States and throughout the world. Although Fusarium wilt race 1 resistance has been incorporated into several watermelon cultivars, identification of additional genetic sources of resistance is crucial if a durable and sustainable level of resistance is to be continued over the years. We conducted a genetic mapping study to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with resistance to Fon race 1 in segregating populations (F2:3 and recombinant inbred lines) of Citrullus amarus (citron melon) derived from the Fon race 1 resistant and susceptible parents USVL246-FR2 and USVL114, respectively. A major QTL (qFon1-9) associated with resistance to Fon race 1 was identified on chromosome 9 of USVL246-FR2. This discovery provides a novel genetic source of resistance to Fusarium wilt race 1 in watermelon and, thus, an additional host-resistance option for watermelon breeders to further the effort to mitigate this serious phytopathogen.

Histopathology comparison and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) gene expressions in Fusarium wilt infected watermelons

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.-F. L. Chang ◽  
C.-C. Hsu ◽  
Y.-H. Lin ◽  
K.-S. Chen ◽  
J.-W. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Spontaneous Mutation ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Shoot Base

Fusarium wilt disease of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON), is one of the limiting factors of worldwide watermelon production. In this study, a Fusarium wilt resistant watermelon JSB, which was derived from a spontaneous mutation of the susceptible Sugar Baby (SB), was used to investigate histopathology. The number and diameter of xylem vessels in the root (10 mm below the shoot base) of resistant JSB plants were significantly higher than those in susceptible SB plants. At 9 days post inoculation (dpi), using the plate assay on Nash-PCNB media, FON could be recovered from 86% of the roots in the symptomless plants of both watermelon lines, and from 55% and 64% of the stem segments (5 mm above the shoot base) in resistant and susceptible plants, respectively. In paraffin and free-hand tissue sections, at 8, 13, and 35 dpi, the xylem of roots and stems close to the soil surface in resistant watermelon JSB plants was also colonised by FON, but to a much lower percentage than the susceptible SB ones. No colonisation below the middle of stems was observed in the resistant JSB plants. The susceptible plants grown in infested soil were all dead by 35 dpi, while the resistant plants remained healthy. These observations suggest that reducing FON colonisation in the vascular systems of the host may contribute to the resistance in JSB. Furthermore, the higher expression of the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) gene in JSB induced by FON and the effects of PAL inhibitor on the resistance of JSB suggested that PAL is involved in resistance of watermelon to Fusarium wilt pathogen.

scholarly journals Effect of Incorporation of Brassica spp. Residues on Population Densities of Soilborne Microorganisms and on Damping-off and Fusarium Wilt of Watermelon

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel M. C. Njoroge ◽  
Melissa B. Riley ◽  
Anthony P. Keinath
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Amended Soils ◽  
Brassica Spp

Incorporating Brassica spp. residue to reduce populations of soilborne fungi and manage damping-off and Fusarium wilt of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus) was studied in two field experiments. Treatments included incorporating flowering Brassica napus cv. Dwarf Essex canola or B. juncea cv. Cutlass mustard and laying black polyethylene mulch at incorporation or 1 month after incorporation, methyl bromide, and a nontreated control. In both years, glucosinolates were identified and quantified in the shoots and roots of the flowering plants. In both years, the total concentration of glucosinolates incorporated per square meter was significantly higher for B. juncea than for B. napus. Isothiocyanates were inconsistently detected in the amended soils and none were detected more than 12 days postincorporation. After incorporation in 2004 and 2005, amended plots had higher populations of Fusarium oxysporum and Pythium spp. than the methyl bromide treatment, and in some treatments, populations were higher than in the control. Fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. were not suppressed in amended soils, and their populations were significantly higher in some amended treatments than those in methyl bromide-treated soils or nontreated control soils. Incidence of damping-off and severity of Fusarium wilt on seedless watermelon cv. Tri-X 313, which is susceptible to Fusarium wilt, were not consistently lower in brassica-amended soils or methyl bromide-treated plots than in nontreated control plots. Therefore, under spring conditions and methods used in this study, neither biofumigation nor methyl bromide fumigation in coastal South Carolina was an effective disease management tool for two soilborne pathogens of watermelon.

scholarly journals Race 3, a New and Highly Virulent Race of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum Causing Fusarium Wilt in Watermelon

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. G. Zhou ◽  
K. L. Everts ◽  
B. D. Bruton
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Genetic Difference ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Reference Isolate ◽  
New Race ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
Highly Virulent

Three races (0, 1, and 2) of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum have been previously described in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) based on their ability to cause disease on differential watermelon genotypes. Four isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum collected from wilted watermelon plants or infested soil in Maryland, along with reference isolates of races 0, 1, and 2, were compared for virulence, host range, and vegetative compatibility. Race identification was made on the watermelon differentials Sugar Baby, Charleston Gray, Dixielee, Calhoun Gray, and PI-296341-FR using a root-dip, tray-dip, or pipette inoculation method. All four Maryland isolates were highly virulent, causing 78 to 100% wilt on all differentials, one of which was PI-296341-FR, considered highly resistant to race 2. The isolates also produced significantly greater colonization in the lower stems of PI-296341-FR than a standard race 2 reference isolate. In field microplots, two of the isolates caused over 90% wilt on PI-296341-FR, whereas no disease was caused by a race 2 isolate. All four isolates were nonpathogenic on muskmelon, cucumber, pumpkin, and squash, confirming their host specific pathogenicity to watermelon. The Maryland isolates were vegetatively compatible to each other but not compatible with the race 2 isolates evaluated, indicating their genetic difference from race 2. This study proposes that the Maryland isolates belong to a new race, race 3, the most virulent race of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum described to date.

scholarly journals Control of Fusarium Wilt of Watermelon by Grafting onto Bottlegourd or Interspecific Hybrid Squash Despite Colonization of Rootstocks by Fusarium

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Keinath ◽  
R. L. Hassell
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Infested Field ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Seedless Watermelon ◽  
Race 2

Grafting watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus) onto rootstocks of interspecific hybrid squash (Cucurbita moschata × C. maxima), bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), or citron (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) has been used in Asia and Israel to mange Fusarium wilt of watermelon caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of infection of six rootstocks by F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum races 1 and 2 and the field performance of grafted rootstocks in Charleston, SC. Grafted and nongrafted watermelon and rootstock plants were inoculated in the greenhouse with race 1, race 2, or water (the control treatment). With both races, the frequency of recovery of F. oxysporum from scion and rootstock portions of inoculated watermelon plants grafted onto ‘Ojakkyo’ citron was greater than from watermelon plants grafted onto ‘Shintosa Camel’ and ‘Strong Tosa’ interspecific hybrid squash, and from plants grafted onto ‘Emphasis’, ‘Macis’, and ‘WMXP 3945’ bottlegourd. For nongrafted plants inoculated with race 1, percent recovery also was greater from Ojakkyo than from interspecific hybrid squash and bottlegourd. For nongrafted plants inoculated with race 2, F. oxysporum was recovered from the base of ≥79% of all inoculated plants. More than two-thirds (15) of 21 isolates recovered from the tops or scions of inoculated plants were pathogenic on watermelon. In spring 2010 and 2011, the six rootstocks were grafted with seedless watermelon ‘Tri-X 313’, which is susceptible to both races, and transplanted in a field infested with races 1 and 2 of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum. Disease incidence for nongrafted and self-grafted Tri-X 313 (the control treatments) and Tri-X 313 grafted onto Ojakkyo citron did not differ significantly. Grafted watermelon plants produced greater weights and numbers of fruit than plants of the two control treatments. Nonpathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum and isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum colonized interspecific hybrid squash, bottlegourd, and grafted watermelon. The rootstocks evaluated, however, restricted movement of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum into the watermelon scion, suppressed wilt symptoms, and increased fruit yields in an infested field.

scholarly journals Linkage Mapping in a Watermelon Population Segregating for Fusarium Wilt Resistance

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh K. Hawkins ◽  
Fenny Dane ◽  
Thomas L. Kubisiak ◽  
Billy B. Rhodes ◽  
Robert L. Jarret
Keyword(s):  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Mendelian Segregation ◽  
Marker Loci ◽  
Resistance Trait ◽  
Effective Use

Isozyme, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers were used to generate a linkage map in an F2 and F3 watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thumb.) Matsum. & Nakai] population derived from a cross between the fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum) susceptible `New Hampshire Midget' and resistant PI 296341-FR. A 112.9 cM RAPD-based map consisting of 26 markers spanning two linkage groups was generated with F2 data. With F3 data, a 139 cM RAPD-based map consisting of 13 markers covering five linkage groups was constructed. Isozyme and SSR markers were unlinked. About 40% to 48% of the RAPD markers were significantly skewed from expected Mendelian segregation ratios in both generations. Bulked segregant analysis and single-factor analysis of variance were employed to identify RAPD markers linked to fusarium wilt caused by races 1 and 2 of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum. Current linkage estimates between the resistance trait and the marker loci were too large for effective use in a marker-assisted selection program.

scholarly journals A Genetic Linkage Map for Watermelon Based on Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 730-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amnon Levi ◽  
Claude E. Thomas ◽  
Xingping Zhang ◽  
Tarek Joobeur ◽  
Ralph A. Dean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Rapd Primer ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Linkage Distance

A genetic linkage [randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-based] map was constructed for watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum and Nakai] using a BC1 population [PI 296341-fusarium wilt resistant × New Hampshire Midget (fusarium susceptible)] × `New Hampshire Midget'. The map contains 155 RAPD markers, and a 700-base pair sequenced characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker that corresponds to a fragment produced by the RAPD primer GTAGCACTCC. This marker was reported previously as linked (1.6 cM) to race 1 fusarium wilt resistance in watermelon. The markers segregated to 17 linkage groups. Of these, 10 groups included nine to 19 markers, and seven groups included two to four markers. The map covers a genetic linkage distance of 1295 cM. Nine of the 10 large linkage groups contained segments with low (or no) level of recombination (0 to 2.6 cM) among markers, indicating that the watermelon genome may contain large chromosomal regions that are deficient in recombination events. The map should be useful for identification of markers linked closely to genes that control fruit quality and fusarium wilt (races 1 and 2) resistance in watermelon.

scholarly journals 078 Mapping of the Citrullus Genome using Populations Segregating for Fusarium Wilt Resistance

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 454E-454
Author(s):  
Leigh K. Hawkins ◽  
Fenny Dane ◽  
Thomas L. Kubisiak ◽  
Billy Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Wilt Resistance ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Simple Sequence

Fusarium wilt, caused by the soilborne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum (FON), is a serious disease of the watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). Three races of this pathogen (races 0, 1, and 2) have been identified based on differential pathogenicity assays. Most commercially available cultivars are resistant to races 0 and 1. Inheritance for resistance to these races is thought to be controlled by a single dominant gene. No cultivars are resistant to race 2 and resistance is thought to be a quantitative trait. F2 lines derived from a cross between the Fusarium-resistant Citrullus lanatus PI296341, and the Fusarium-susceptible watermelon cultivar `New Hampshire Midget' were used to generate a RAPD-based map of the Citrullus genome. F2:3 families were assayed in the greenhouse for resistance to races 1 and 2. Those families that were either highly resistant or highly susceptible were used in identifying markers linked to Fusarium wilt resistance. A preliminary map of the Citrullus genome based on random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers has been expanded with the inclusion of simple sequence repeats (SSRs), amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), and isozymes.

scholarly journals Genome Mapping in Citrullus Lanatus Populations Segregating for Fusarium Wilt Resistance

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 558C-558b
Author(s):  
Leigh K. Hawkins ◽  
Fenny Dane ◽  
Tom Kubisiak ◽  
Bill Rhodes ◽  
Bob Jarrett
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Map ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Genome Mapping ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Marker Locus ◽  
Dna Pools ◽  
Race 1

A linkage map was constructed of the watermelon genome using F2 and F2:3 populations segregating for resistance to race 1 and 2 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON 1 and 2). Sixty-four percent of the RAPD primers used in the parents and F1 detected polymorphism. In the F2, 143 polymorphic bands were scored, 60% of which exhibited the expected 3:1 segregation ratio. A 113 cM linkage map was constructed using Mapmaker version 3 and LOD of 4. DNA pools of Fusarium wilt resistant or susceptible F2:3 lines were created and bulked segregant analysis was used to detect molecular markers linked to FON 1 or FON 2 resistance. Four individuals per line were used to confirm linkages and construct an F2:3 linkage map. One large linkage group was detected in both generations. A large proportion of the RAPD and SSR markers were unlinked and many showed segregation distortion. Single-factor ANOVA for each pairwise combination of marker locus and resistance or morphological trait was conducted. RAPD markers with putative linkages to FON 1 and FON 2 and several morphological traits were detected.

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