scholarly journals Copper and Gold Nanoparticles Increase Nutrient Excretion Rates of Primary Consumers

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (16) ◽  
pp. 10170-10180
Author(s):  
Brittany G. Perrotta ◽  
Marie Simonin ◽  
Jeffrey A. Back ◽  
Steven M. Anderson ◽  
Astrid Avellan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Nutrient Excretion ◽  
Primary Consumers ◽  
Excretion Rates

scholarly journals Trophic Trait Evolution Explains Variation in Nutrient Excretion Stoichiometry among Panamanian Armored Catfishes (Loricariidae)

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Eric K. Moody ◽  
Fernando Alda ◽  
Krista A. Capps ◽  
Oscar Puebla ◽  
Benjamin L. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Trophic Niche ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Trait Evolution ◽  
Nutrient Excretion ◽  
Nutrient Mineralization ◽  
Excretion Rates

Variation in nutrient excretion rates and stoichiometric ratios (e.g., nitrogen to phosphorus) by consumers can have substantial effects on aquatic ecosystem function. While phylogenetic signals within an assemblage often explain variation in nutrient recycling rates and stoichiometry, the phylogenetically conserved traits that underlie this phenomenon remain unclear. In particular, variation in nutrient excretion stoichiometry across a phylogeny might be driven by phylogenetic patterns in either diet or body stoichiometry. We examined the relative importance of these traits in explaining variation in nutrient recycling rates and stoichiometry in a diverse family of Neotropical-armored catfishes, Loricariidae, in Panamanian streams. We found significant variation in nutrient mineralization traits among species and subfamilies, but variation in nutrient excretion stoichiometry among species was best explained by trophic position rather than body stoichiometry. The variation in trophic position among Panamanian species was consistent with variation in the trophic niche of their genera across South America, suggesting that phylogenetic patterns underpin the evolution of trophic and nutrient excretion traits among these species. Such geographical variation in nutrient mineralization patterns among closely related species may be common, given that trophic variation in fish lineages occurs widely. These results suggest that information on trophic trait evolution within lineages will advance our understanding of the functional contribution of animals to biogeochemical cycling.

Effects of Food Removal on Nutrient Release Rates and Lipid Content of Lake Michigan Pontoporeia hoyi

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1125-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery M. Gauvin ◽  
Wayne S. Gardner ◽  
Michael A. Quigley
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Benthic Invertebrate ◽  
Diatom Bloom ◽  
Nutrient Excretion ◽  
Diatom Blooms ◽  
Excretion Rates ◽  
And Control

Pontoporeia hoyi, the dominant benthic invertebrate in the upper Great Lakes, appears to be well adapted to environments with seasonal inputs of high-quality food such as those supplied by the spring diatom bloom. Ammonium and phosphate excretion rates and lipid content were examined in P. hoyi under the following conditions: (1) field animals sampled seasonally, (2) food-deprived animals in filtered lake water, and (3) control animals held in native sediments without new food inputs. Nutrient excretion rates for P. hoyi (0.5 to 2 nmole NH4 (milligrams dry weight)−1∙h−1 and 0 to 0.15 nmole PO4 (milligrams dry weight)−1∙h−1) were low relative to rates previously reported for other benthic and pelagic invertebrates and varied little among the three treatment groups. In contrast to the animals held in the laboratory without new food inputs, field-collected P. hoyi accumulated increased levels of lipids following the spring diatom bloom. However, after lipid levels in field animals peaked in May, they decreased during the rest of the season at rates similar to those of starved and control animals. P. hoyi's low nutrient-excretion rates, and its ability to accumulate and store energy as lipids, for periods when food is not abundant, appear to be important factors allowing this animal to thrive in temperate lakes with spring diatom blooms.

Regeneration of nitrogen and phosphorus by bluegill and gizzard shad: effect of feeding history

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 2327-2338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha E. Mather ◽  
Michael J. Vanni ◽  
Thomas E. Wissing ◽  
Scott A. Davis ◽  
Maynard H. Schaus
Keyword(s):  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
N:P Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Gizzard Shad ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Excretion ◽  
N:P Ratios ◽  
Excretion Rates

We combined laboratory and field studies to experimentally assess how the effects of feeding regime and time since feeding influence nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and the N:P ratio excreted by two common freshwater fish, bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum). In addition, for adult gizzard shad, we modelled excretion rates as a function of the nutrient content of ingested sediment detritus. For both bluegill and gizzard shad, feeding significantly increased nutrient excretion rates and altered excreted N:P ratios. For both species, excretion rates were highest immediately after feeding and declined thereafter. Because the phosphorus excretion rate decreased more rapidly after feeding than did the nitrogen excretion rate, the excreted N:P ratio increased with time since feeding. Young-of-year gizzard shad excreted more nitrogen than adults, resulting in a higher excreted N:P ratio for these small fish. For P, predictions from our model agreed well with our experiments with gizzard shad; for N, the agreement was not as strong yet was still reasonable. In summary, N:P ratios excreted by these fish differed across species, size, and time since feeding. Variation in these factors may explain discrepancies among studies that examine both trophic interactions and nutrient budgets.

Direct and indirect effects of fish on pelagic nitrogen and phosphorus availability in oligotrophic Arctic Alaskan lakes

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 1635-1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody R. Johnson ◽  
Chris Luecke ◽  
Stephen C. Whalen ◽  
Mary Anne Evans
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Arctic Lakes ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Lake Productivity ◽  
Nutrient Excretion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Excretion Rates

The importance of fish nutrient recycling for lake primary production increases with lake productivity. However, fish in low-productivity lakes may have substantial indirect effects on nutrient recycling from lower trophic levels. We measured nutrient excretion rates from fish and zooplankton in oligotrophic Arctic lakes and investigated direct and indirect fish effects on consumer nutrient recycling. Fish nutrient excretion rates were small relative to phytoplankton nutrient demand. Zooplankton excretion, however, supplied 19%–130% and 37%–200% of phytoplankton nitrogen and phosphorus demand, respectively. Fish had a significant effect on zooplankton biomass; in lakes with fish, this was approximately 80% lower than in lakes without fish. The difference in zooplankton biomass was due primarily to a decrease in zooplankton density; no significant difference in average zooplankton size was observed between fish and fishless lakes. Fish also impacted zooplankton community composition; communities in lakes with fish were dominated by copepods compared with cladoceran dominance in lakes without fish. Because of lower zooplankton biomass, lakes with fish showed lower rates of zooplankton nitrogen and phosphorus excretion relative to lakes without fish. Thus, our results support the hypothesis that fish have major indirect effects on lake nutrient cycles, even when direct excretion from fish is minimal.

scholarly journals Consumer-driven nutrient recycling of freshwater decapods: linking ecological theories and application in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Musin ◽  
María Victoria Torres ◽  
Débora de Azevedo Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Nutrient Excretion ◽  
Nutrient Mineralization ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Excretion Rates ◽  
Productive Systems

The Metabolic Theory of Ecology (MET) and the Ecological Stoichiometry Theory (EST) are central and complementary in the consumer-driven recycling conceptual basis. The comprehension of physiological processes of organisms at different levels of organizations is essential to explore and predict nutrient recycling behavior in different scenarios, and to design integrated productive systems that efficiently use the nutrient inputs through an adjusted mass balance. We fed with fish-feed three species of decapods from different families and with aquacultural potential to explore the animal-mediated nutrient dynamic and its applicability in productive systems. We tested whether physiological (body mass, body elemental content), ecological (diet), taxonomic and experimental (time of incubation) variables predicts N and P excretion rates and ratios across and within taxa. We also analysed body mass and body elemental content independently as predictors of N and P excretion of decapods across, among and within taxa. Finally, we verified if body content scales allometrically across and within taxa and if differed among taxa. Body mass and taxonomic identity predicted nutrient excretion rates both across and within taxa. When physiological variables were analysed independently, body size best predicted nutrient mineralization in both scales of analyses. Regarding body elemental content, only body P content scaled negatively with body mass across taxa. Results showed higher N-requirements and lower C:N of prawns than anomurans and crabs. The role of crustaceans as nutrient recyclers depends mainly on the species and body mass, and should be considered to select complementary species that efficiently use feed resources. Prawns need more protein in their feed and might be integrated with fish of higher N-requirements, while crabs and anomurans, with fish of lower N-requirements. Our study contributed to the background of MTE and EST through empirical data obtained from decapods and provided useful information to achieve more efficient aquaculture integration systems.

EpCam-specific Gold Nanoparticles for Detection, Live-imaging and Rapid Enrichment of Adult Human Liver Progenitor Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Fekete-Drimusz ◽  
J de la Roche ◽  
F Vondran ◽  
CL Sajti ◽  
MP Manns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Live Imaging ◽  
Adult Human
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