Effect of Urinary Macromolecules onl-Cystine Crystal Growth and Crystal Surface Adhesion

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 423-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trinanjana Mandal ◽  
Alexander G. Shtukenberg ◽  
Anthony C. Yu ◽  
Xiao Zhong ◽  
Michael D. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Surface Adhesion ◽  
Urinary Macromolecules

scholarly journals Effects of Urinary Macromolecules on Hydroxyapatite Crystal Formation

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2108-2116
Author(s):  
ANN M. BESHENSKY ◽  
JEFFREY A. WESSON ◽  
ELAINE M. WORCESTER ◽  
ELENA J. SOROKINA ◽  
CARL J. SNYDER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Human Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Secondary Nucleation ◽  
Urinary Macromolecules

Abstract. Particle size analysis was combined with titration data obtained in constant-composition, hydroxyapatite (HA)-seeded, crystal growth assays. With addition of large amounts of HA (250 μg), titration rates were linear, new crystal formation was minimal, and aggregation effects could be detected. With addition of small amounts of HA (62.5 μg), nucleation of new HA was observed. The effects of urinary macromolecules, i.e., osteopontin (OPN), recombinant glutathione-S-transferase-OPN (G-OPN), Tamm-Horsfall protein, chondroitin sulfate, human serum albumin, mixed urinary macromolecules from a stone-former (SFU1), mixed urinary macromolecules from a normal individual (NU1), and polyaspartic acid (PA), were examined in this system. Crystal growth inhibition, as measured by the slope of linear titration curves in this system, was observed with PA, G-OPN, OPN, SFU1, and NU1. All of the macromolecules tested inhibited aggregation, including Tamm-Horsfall protein, which did not inhibit growth. As reflected by the ratio of the final number of particles to the initial number in the 62.5-μg seed addition, the macromolecules that were most effective in inhibiting growth, i.e., OPN, G-OPN, PA, SFU1, and NU1, actually increased secondary nucleation. Recombinant G-OPN demonstrated less inhibitory activity than did OPN isolated from cell culture. Chondroitin sulfate and human serum albumin exhibited no significant effects on the various components of HA crystallization under these conditions. SFU1 and NU1 slowed growth and increased secondary nucleation to similar degrees, and neither exhibited any measurable effect on aggregation. Therefore, crystal surface sites that participate in nucleation, growth, and aggregation processes are affected independently by macromolecules, presumably because of differences in their structural features. These results illustrate the utility of combining these techniques to provide a much greater understanding of crystallization behavior than that possible with either analysis alone.

Effect of Phosphate and Silica on the Rate of Crystallization of Sucrose

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ms. Aamarpali Ratna Puri ◽  
S. Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Mother Liquor ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Mass Transfer Process ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Concentration Difference ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Sucrose Crystals

Sucrose Crystallization is a mass transfer process. Sucrose molecule's migration from solution to crystal is driven by concentration difference between the mother liquor and the crystal surface; the coefficient of super saturation is the most important parameter for the process. Supersaturation of sugar solution depends on the purity and brix of the mother liquor. It has large influence on product's quantity and quality (crystal yield, crystal size and size distribution) and on the cost of production i.e output/hour and energy consumption. However there is still no generally applicable theory, which permits an accurate prediction of the effects of all the factors that govern the industrial processes of crystallization from solution. The crystal growth depends on the viscosity, which further depends on the nature and amount of impurities. If the local conditions are favourable, localized layers of molecules of impurity can statistically remain on the surface for a period of time. On the other hand, if the interaction between the impurity and the layer is weak, then there will be competition between impurity and sucrose molecules thus affecting the sucrose crystal growth rate. In the present study, the growth rate of sugar crystals was studied, using two-litre automatic laboratory vacuum pan, under controlled conditions in the presence of impurities. The effect of phosphate and silica (adding one at time) on the growth rate of sugar crystals was studied at two different temperatures 328 and 338K and with two different seed sizes of sucrose (850 and 600µm). The growth rate was studied at two degrees of supersaturation (1.10 and 1.15). The growth rate of sucrose crystals (with or without added impurities) showed significant increase with the 10°C rise in temperature. The growth rate of sucrose crystals increased with the increase in the level of phosphate but decreased with the increase in the level of silica in sugar solution.

scholarly journals Effects of Fluoride on the Interactions between Amelogenin and Apatite Crystals

2008 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Tanimoto ◽  
T. Le ◽  
L. Zhu ◽  
J. Chen ◽  
J.D.B. Featherstone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Titration Calorimetry ◽  
Carbonated Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Protein Assay ◽  
Binding Rate ◽  
Apatite Crystals ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Initial Binding

Fluorosed enamel is more porous and less mineralized, possibly related to altered amelogenin-modulated crystal growth. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of fluoride in interactions between amelogenin and apatite crystals. Recombinant human amelogenin (rh174) was bound to carbonated hydroxyapatite containing various amounts of fluoride, and analyzed by protein assay, SDS PAGE, and AFM. Interactions between rh174 and fluoride were assayed by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The initial binding rate of rh174, as well as total amount of rh174 bound to fluoride-containing carbonated hydroxyapatite, was greater than that in the control carbonated hydroxyapatite. Fluoride in solution at physiologic (5.3 micromolar, or 0.1 ppm) concentrations showed no significant effect on binding, but higher fluoride levels significantly decreased protein binding. ITC showed no interactions between fluoride and rh174. These results suggest that fluoride incorporation into the crystal lattice alters the crystal surface to enhance amelogenin binding, with no direct interactions between fluoride and amelogenin.

Kinetic aspects of major and trace elements in olivines from variably cooled basaltic melts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Lang ◽  
Silvio Mollo ◽  
Lyderic France ◽  
Manuela Nazzari ◽  
Valeria Misiti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Crystallization Kinetics ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Diffusive Boundary Layer ◽  
Diffusive Boundary

<p>Olivine is an important mineral phase in naturally cooled basaltic rocks. The texture and composition of olivine are strictly related to the interplay between the degree of magma undercooling and crystal growth rate. Crystals formed at low undercoolings and growth rates generally show polyhedral-hopper textures and quite homogeneous compositions, while skeletal-dendritic textures and evident crystal zonations occur at high undercoolings and growth rates. In this context, we have performed equilibrium and disequilibrium (i.e., cooling rate) experiments to better understand, by a comparatively approach, the effects of crystallization kinetics on the incorporation of major and trace cations in olivine lattice. The experiments were carried out in a 1 atm vertical tube CO-CO2 gas-mixing furnace to perform experiment at atmospheric pressure and oxygen fugacity of QFM-2 using a basaltic glass (i.e., OIB) as starting materials. The equilibrium experiment was performed at 1175 °C. These target temperatures were kept constant for 240 h and then quenched. Conversely, the disequilibrium experiments were performed at the superliquidus temperature of 1250, and 1300 °C, which was kept constant for 2 h before cooling. The final target temperatures of 1150 (undercooling -ΔT = 50 °C), and 1175 °C (-ΔT = 25 °C) were attained by applying cooling rates of 2 °C/h, 20 °C/h, and 60 °C/h. Then the experimental charges were quenched. Results show that the olivine texture shifts from euhedral (i.e., equilibrium) to anhedral (i.e., disequilibrium) under the effect of cooling rate and rapid crystal growth. In equilibrium experiments, the composition of olivine is homogeneous and non chemical gradients are found in the melt next to the crystal surface. In contrast, a diffusive boundary layer develops in the melt surrounding the olivine crystals growing rapidly under the effect of cooling rate and degree of undercooling. The compositional gradient in the melt increases with increasing cooling rate and undercooling, causing the diffusive boundary layer to expand towards the far field melt. Because of the effects of crystallization kinetics, skeletal-dendritic olivines incorporates higher proportions of major and trace elements that are generally incompatible within their crystal lattice under equilibrium conditions.</p>

COMPUTER MODEL OF BIOPOLYMER CRYSTAL GROWTH AND AGGREGATION BY ADDITION OF MACROMOLECULAR UNITS — A COMPARATIVE STUDY

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (07) ◽  
pp. 1037-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. SIÓDMIAK ◽  
A. GADOMSKI
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Protein Molecule ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Growth Unit ◽  
Lattice Monte Carlo ◽  
Tetragonal Crystals ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Models Of Crystal Growth

We discuss the results of a computer simulation of the biopolymer crystal growth and aggregation based on the 2D lattice Monte Carlo technique and the HP approximation of the biopolymers. As a modeled molecule (growth unit) we comparatively consider the previously studied non-mutant lysozyme protein, Protein Data Bank (PDB) ID: 193L, which forms, under a certain set of thermodynamic-kinetic conditions, the tetragonal crystals, and an amyloidogenic variant of the lysozyme, PDB ID: 1LYY, which is known as fibril-yielding and prone-to-aggregation agent. In our model, the site-dependent attachment, detachment and migration processes are involved. The probability of growth unit motion, attachment and detachment to/from the crystal surface are assumed to be proportional to the orientational factor representing the anisotropy of the molecule. Working within a two-dimensional representation of the truly three-dimensional process, we also argue that the crystal grows in a spiral way, whereby one or more screw dislocations on the crystal surface give rise to a terrace. We interpret the obtained results in terms of known models of crystal growth and aggregation such as B-C-F (Burton-Cabrera-Frank) dislocation driven growth and M-S (Mullins-Sekerka) instability concept, with stochastic aspects supplementing the latter. We discuss the conditions under which crystals vs non-crystalline protein aggregates appear, and how the process depends upon difference in chemical structure of the protein molecule seen as the main building block of the elementary crystal cell.

scholarly journals Monte Carlo Simulation of Adsorption Processes on Heterogeneous Crystal Surfaces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Leila Rajabibonab
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Kinetic Monte Carlo ◽  
Effective Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Surface Energies ◽  
Adsorption Processes

<p>The simulation of adsorption processes on a heterogeneous crystal surface is the main interest of this thesis. Two applications of this event have been developed with Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation. One is how to control the crystal growth by macromolecules and the other is how to measure the effective rate of interactions near a crystal surface. The first part of this thesis, considers the effective rate of catalytic conversion on a heterogeneous catalytic surface. We assume the crystal surface has two types of active site, one is neutral and the other one is highly active. We compared our result from simulation with the analytical method that is given by the homogenization theory. Our result revealed the importance of patterns of surface energies and the size of them on reaction rate.  In the second project we consider the adsorption of a homopolymer chain on a crystal surface with two types of surface energies in order to limit the growth of one site and let the other sites grow more. We developed a new Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation method in this part, which was also applied to block copolymer chains that are more complex than a homo-polymer chain. Using this method four important phases of the polymer chains at high temperatures and also the free energies of the system across different patterns of active sites have been found. We tested different types of co-polymers to find the most differentiative block copolymer for controlling the crystal growth.</p>

Analysis of ice crystal growth for a crystal surface containing adsorbed antifreeze proteins

1999 ◽  
Vol 205 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svein Grandum ◽  
Akira Yabe ◽  
Kazuya Nakagomi ◽  
Makoto Tanaka ◽  
Fumio Takemura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Antifreeze Proteins ◽  
Ice Crystal

The Influence of Urinary Macromolecules on Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Crystal Growth

1988 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C. Lanzalaco ◽  
R.P. Singh ◽  
S.A. Smesko ◽  
G.H. Nancollas ◽  
G. Sufrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Urinary Macromolecules

scholarly journals Improvement of SiC Crystal Growth Rate and Uniformity via Top-Seeded Solution Growth under External Static Magnetic Field: A Numerical Investigation

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 651
Author(s):  
Minh-Tan Ha ◽  
Le Van Lich ◽  
Yun-Ji Shin ◽  
Si-Young Bae ◽  
Myung-Hyun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Static Magnetic Field ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Solution Growth ◽  
Helmholtz Coils ◽  
External Static Magnetic Field ◽  
Top Seeded Solution Growth

Silicon carbide (SiC) is an ideal material for high-power and high-performance electronic applications. Top-seeded solution growth (TSSG) is considered as a potential method for bulk growth of high-quality SiC single crystals from the liquid phase source material. The crystal growth performance, such as growth rate and uniformity, is driven by the fluid flow and constitutional flux in the solution. In this study, we numerically investigate the contribution of the external static magnetic field generated by Helmholtz coils to the fluid flow in the silicon melt. Depending on the setup of the Helmholtz coils, four static magnetic field distributions are available, namely, uniform vertical upward/downward and vertical/horizontal cusp. Based on the calculated carbon flux coming to the crystal surface, the vertical downward magnetic field proved its ability to enhance the growth rate as well as the uniformity of the grown crystal.

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