In Situ Spectroscopic Determination of Faradaic Efficiencies in Systems with Forced Convection under Steady State:  Electroreduction of Bisulfite to Dithionite on Gold in an Aqueous Electrolyte

1998 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1149-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriy V. Tolmachev ◽  
Zhenghao Wang ◽  
Yining Hu ◽  
In Tae Bae ◽  
Daniel A. Scherson
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Forced Convection ◽  
Aqueous Electrolyte ◽  
Spectroscopic Determination

scholarly journals Crystallization kinetics of amorphous calcium carbonate in confinement

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 5039-5043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Cavanaugh ◽  
Michael L. Whittaker ◽  
Derk Joester
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Crystal Nucleation ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Emulsion Droplets ◽  
Individual Crystal ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Kinetics Of

In situ observation of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) confined in ∼500 pL emulsion droplets allows determination of the timing of individual crystal nucleation events. Statistical analysis of events in hundreds of droplets establishes an upper limit for the steady-state nucleation rate of 1.2 cm−3 s−1 for the crystallization from ACC.

Spectroscopic determination of CO2 concentration in situ

1965 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunter J. Penzias ◽  
G. Jordan Maclay
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Spectroscopic Determination

scholarly journals Generalization of the double-modulation method for in situ determination of elasticities

1997 ◽  
Vol 327 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis ACERENZA ◽  
Athel CORNISH-BOWDEN
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Modulation Method ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Matrix Formulation ◽  
Metabolic Systems ◽  
Metabolite Concentrations ◽  
Double Modulation

The double-modulation method [Kacser and Burns (1979) Biochem. Soc. Trans. 7, 1149–1160] was the first method proposed for determining elasticities in situ. It is based on measuring changes in steady-state metabolite concentrations and fluxes induced by parameter modulations. It has the important advantage that it is not necessary to know the values of the changes in the parameters. Here we develop a matrix formulation of the double-modulation method that allows it to be applied to metabolic systems of any structure and size. It also shows which parameters need to be modulated and which variables need to be measured in order to calculate the elasticities that correspond to particular rates. Some suggestions for the practical implementation of the method are given, including various ways of testing the reliability of the results.

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