Relative molar response of a flame ionization detector to some organic compounds containing sulfur

1975 ◽  
Vol 47 (13) ◽  
pp. 2283-2285 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Filby ◽  
K. Guenther ◽  
R.-D. Penzhorn
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Flame Ionization Detector ◽  
Ionization Detector ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Relative Molar Response

scholarly journals Quantification of biogenic volatile organic compounds with a flame ionization detector using the effective carbon number concept

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1911-1923 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Faiola ◽  
M. H. Erickson ◽  
V. L. Fricaud ◽  
B. T. Jobson ◽  
T. M. VanReken
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Flame Ionization Detector ◽  
Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Ionization Detector ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are emitted into the atmosphere by plants and include isoprene, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and their oxygenated derivatives. These BVOCs are among the principal factors influencing the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere in forested regions. BVOC emission rates are often measured by collecting samples onto adsorptive cartridges in the field and then transporting these samples to the laboratory for chromatographic analysis. One of the most commonly used detectors in chromatographic analysis is the flame ionization detector (FID). For quantitative analysis with an FID, relative response factors may be estimated using the effective carbon number (ECN) concept. The purpose of this study was to determine the ECN for a variety of terpenoid compounds to enable improved quantification of BVOC measurements. A dynamic dilution system was developed to make quantitative gas standards of VOCs with mixing ratios from 20–55 ppb. For each experiment using this system, one terpene standard was co-injected with an internal reference, n-octane, and analyzed via an automated cryofocusing system interfaced to a gas chromatograph flame ionization detector and mass spectrometer (GC/MS/FID). The ECNs of 16 compounds (14 BVOCs) were evaluated with this approach, with each test compound analyzed at least three times. The difference between the actual carbon number and measured ECN ranged from −24% to −2%. The difference between theoretical ECN and measured ECN ranged from −22% to 9%. Measured ECN values were within 10% of theoretical ECN values for most terpenoid compounds.

scholarly journals Quantification of biogenic volatile organic compounds with a flame ionization detector using the effective carbon number concept

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 2415-2447 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Faiola ◽  
M. H. Erickson ◽  
V. L. Fricaud ◽  
B. T. Jobson ◽  
T. M. VanReken
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Flame Ionization Detector ◽  
Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Ionization Detector ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are emitted into the atmosphere by plants and include isoprene, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and their oxygenated derivatives. These BVOCs are among the principal factors influencing the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere in forested regions. BVOC emission rates are often measured by collecting samples onto adsorptive cartridges in the field and then transporting these samples to the laboratory for chromatographic analysis. One of the most commonly used detectors in chromatographic analysis is the flame ionization detector (FID). For quantitative analysis with an FID, relative response factors may be estimated using the effective carbon number (ECN) concept. The purpose of this study was to determine the ECN for a variety of terpenoid compounds to enable improved quantification of BVOC measurements. A dynamic dilution system was developed to make quantitative gas standards of VOCs with mixing ratios from 20–55 ppb. For each experiment using this system, one terpene standard was co-injected with an internal reference, n-octane, and analyzed via an automated cryofocusing system interfaced to a gas chromatograph flame ionization detector and mass spectrometer (GC/MS/FID). The ECNs of 16 compounds (14 BVOCs) were evaluated with this approach, with each test compound analyzed at least three times. The difference between the actual carbon number and measured ECN ranged from −24% to −2%. The difference between theoretical ECN and measured ECN ranged from −22% to 9%. Measured ECN values were within 10% of theoretical ECN values for most terpenoid compounds.

scholarly journals Coupling a gas chromatograph simultaneously to a flame ionization detector and chemical ionization mass spectrometer for isomer-resolved measurements of particle-phase organic compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 3895-3907
Author(s):  
Chenyang Bi ◽  
Jordan E. Krechmer ◽  
Graham O. Frazier ◽  
Wen Xu ◽  
Andrew T. Lambe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Chemical Ionization ◽  
Flame Ionization Detector ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Particle Phase ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Ionization Detector ◽  
Flame Ionization

Abstract. Atmospheric oxidation products of volatile organic compounds consist of thousands of unique chemicals that have distinctly different physical and chemical properties depending on their detailed structures and functional groups. Measurement techniques that can achieve molecular characterizations with details down to functional groups (i.e., isomer-resolved resolution) are consequently necessary to provide understandings of differences of fate and transport within isomers produced in the oxidation process. We demonstrate a new instrument coupling the thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatograph (TAG), which enables the separation of isomers, with the high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-CIMS), which has the capability of classifying unknown compounds by their molecular formulas, and the flame ionization detector (FID), which provides a near-universal response to organic compounds. The TAG-CIMS/FID is used to provide isomer-resolved measurements of samples from liquid standard injections and particle-phase organics generated in oxidation flow reactors. By coupling a TAG to a CIMS, the CIMS is enhanced with an additional dimension of information (resolution of individual molecules) at the cost of time resolution (i.e., one sample per hour instead of per minute). We found that isomers are prevalent in sample matrix with an average number of three to five isomers per formula depending on the precursors in the oxidation experiments. Additionally, a multi-reagent ionization mode is investigated in which both zero air and iodide are introduced as reagent ions, to examine the feasibility of extending the use of an individual CIMS to a broader range of analytes with still selective reagent ions. While this approach reduces iodide-adduct ions by a factor of 2, [M − H]− and [M + O2]− ions produced from lower-polarity compounds increase by a factor of 5 to 10, improving their detection by CIMS. The method expands the range of detected chemical species by using two chemical ionization reagents simultaneously, which is enabled by the pre-separation of analyte molecules before ionization.

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