Selection of source-modulation waveform for improved signal-to-noise ratio in atomic absorption spectrometry

1973 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Lichte ◽  
R. K. Skogerboe
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Collecting Microplastics in Gardens: Case Study (i) of Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Sobhani ◽  
Yunlong Luo ◽  
Christopher T. Gibson ◽  
Youhong Tang ◽  
Ravi Naidu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Statistical Point ◽  
Image Mapping ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Raman Image ◽  
Selection Of

As an emerging contaminant, microplastic is receiving increasing attention. However, the contamination source is not fully known, and new sources are still being identified. Herewith, we report that microplastics can be found in our gardens, either due to the wrongdoing of leaving plastic bubble wraps to be mixed with mulches or due to the use of plastic landscape fabrics in the mulch bed. In the beginning, they were of large sizes, such as > 5 mm. However, after 7 years in the garden, owing to natural degradation, weathering, or abrasion, microplastics are released. We categorize the plastic fragments into different groups, 5 mm–0.75 mm, 0.75 mm–100 μm, and 100–0.8 μm, using filters such as kitchenware, meaning we can collect microplastics in our gardens by ourselves. We then characterized the plastics using Raman image mapping and a logic-based algorithm to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and the image certainty. This is because the signal-to-noise ratio from a single Raman spectrum, or even from an individual peak, is significantly less than that from a spectrum matrix of Raman mapping (such as 1 vs. 50 × 50) that contains 2,500 spectra, from the statistical point of view. From the 10 g soil we sampled, we could detect the microplastics, including large (5 mm–100 μm) fragments and small (<100 μm) ones, suggesting the degradation fate of plastics in the gardens. Overall, these results warn us that we must be careful when we do gardening, including selection of plastic items for gardens.

Apparatus for Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption of Mercury

1966 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 778-782
Author(s):  
Myron M Schachter
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Cold Vapor ◽  
Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption ◽  
Noise Ratio

Abstract An assembly of optical and electronic modules has been designed to measure submicrogram quantities of mercury in the vapor phase at room temperature. The signal-to-noise ratio is greater than 100 to 1 for 10−2 microgram (5 × 10−1 nanomole) of mercury.

Pitfalls in horizon autopicking

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. SB1-SB4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald A. Herron
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Tracking Algorithms ◽  
Input Control ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Selection Of

Interpreters use horizon autopicking in many seismic interpretations in the modern workstation environment. When properly used and with data quality permitting this technique enables efficient and accurate tracking of horizons but is not without its pitfalls. Four common pitfalls are improper selection of the input control or seed grid, not accounting for the “directional” behavior of tracking algorithms, attempting autopicking in areas with poor reflection continuity and/or low signal-to-noise ratio, and failing to recognize elements of geology that are not suitable for autopicking.

scholarly journals EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN CHEMICAL MODIFIER PADA ANALISIS LOGAM DAN SEMI LOGAM DENGAN GRAPHITE FURNACE ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-173
Author(s):  
Rosi Ketrin
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Modifier ◽  
Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption ◽  
Gf Aas ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Absorption Level

Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GF-AAS) is not a new method in chemical analysis, especially for metals and metalloids, unfortunately there are a lot of laboratories in Indonesia that still not used it correctly, whereas if used it correctly, the method will be an excellent and can be a reference method. This review focus on the kinds of interferences in the GF-AAS such as spectral, physic and chemical interferences and alsoon the use of a lot of kinds of chemical modifier that very important part in analysis by GF-AAS, however it is often unused because of the difficulty. It is noted that highest absorption level from each analyte is different even though used the same modifier and ashing temperature, therefore the selection of chemical modifier is important to find the appropriate modifier for each analyte and their matrixes.Keyword: GF-AAS, spectral interferences, physic interferences, chemical interferences, chemical modifier

Accurate Measurement of Trace Elements Using an Innovative Fixed Goniometer for a Simultaneous Spectrometer

1994 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 691-698
Author(s):  
K. Kansai ◽  
K. Toda ◽  
H. Kohno ◽  
T. Arai ◽  
R. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Background Subtraction ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
Background Correction ◽  
Analysis Time ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Selection Of

Advancements in trace clement analysis require improvements in both the signal-to-noise ratio and accurate background correction. With a sequential spectrometer, one can obtain detection limits of around 0.1 ppm for medium to heavy Z elements. Conditions can be individually optimized for each element, for example, selection of filters, collimators, crystals and background subtraction. The disadvantage is that the analysis time may become “long” if many elements are to be analyzed. This long exposure time can lead to the deterioration of some samples.

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