Reaction of tertiary amine, quaternary ammonium, and inorganic salts with citric acid in acetic anhydride

1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson D. Langley
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Acetic Anhydride ◽  
Tertiary Amine ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Inorganic Salts

Preparation and Characterization of the Nano Powder for Al2O3-SiO2-CaF2 Glass by Homo-Precipitation Method

2007 ◽  
Vol 280-283 ◽  
pp. 1643-1646
Author(s):  
G.C. Yuan ◽  
Q.G. Wu ◽  
G.X. Zeng ◽  
X.H. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Mixture Ratio ◽  
Nano Powder ◽  
Desiccation Process ◽  
Amorphous Compounds ◽  
Crystal Phases

The nano-powder of Al2O3-SiO2-CaF2 bio-glass was prepared by the homo-precipitation method with some inorganic salts containing Al3+, Ca2+, Na+, F-, SiO3 2+, Cl- as starting-reagents. The composition and characteristics of the powders were studied with XRD, EDAX, TEM and DTA. The results indicate that the prepared powder belongs to amorphous compounds containing Al, Ca, Si, O and F atoms and the size of particle is in the range of 30 ~ 70 nm. Adding citric acid and the well-controlled desiccation process can slightly improve the dispersing effect of the powders; the mixture ratio of the reagents rarely affects the characteristic of powder. The crystal phase CaF2 was precipitated firstly from the amorphous structure when the temperature is above 600°C, with the temperature rising, Al2SiO5 and Al4.4Si1.2O9.5 etc. crystal phases were precipitated sequentially.

scholarly journals Aliphatic Quaternary Ammonium Functionalized Nanogels for Gene Delivery

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1964
Author(s):  
Huaiying Zhang ◽  
Damla Keskin ◽  
Willy H. de Haan-Visser ◽  
Guangyue Zu ◽  
Patrick van Rijn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Delivery ◽  
Tertiary Amine ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Gene Transfection ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Cationic Lipid ◽  
Endosomal Escape ◽  
Hereditary Diseases ◽  
Viral Gene

Gene therapy is a promising treatment for hereditary diseases, as well as acquired genetic diseases, including cancer. Facing the complicated physiological and pathological environment in vivo, developing efficient non-viral gene vectors is needed for their clinical application. Here, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (p(NIPAM)) nanogels are presented with either protonatable tertiary amine groups or permanently charged quaternized ammonium groups to achieve DNA complexation ability. In addition, a quaternary ammonium-functionalized nanogel was further provided with an aliphatic moiety using 1-bromododecane to add a membrane-interacting structure to ultimately facilitate intracellular release of the genetic material. The ability of the tertiary amine-, quaternized ammonium-, and aliphatic quaternized ammonium-functionalized p(NIPAM) nanogels (i.e., NGs, NGs-MI, and NGs-BDD, respectively) to mediate gene transfection was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. It is observed that NGs-BDD/pDNA complexes exhibit efficient gene loading, gene protection ability, and intracellular uptake similar to that of NGs-MI/pDNA complexes. However, only the NGs-BDD/pDNA complexes show a notable gene transfer efficiency, which can be ascribed to their ability to mediate DNA escape from endosomes. We conclude that NGs-BDD displays a cationic lipid-like behavior that facilitates endosomal escape by perturbing the endosomal/lysosomal membrane. These findings demonstrate that the presence of aliphatic chains within the nanogel is instrumental in accomplishing gene delivery, which provides a rationale for the further development of nanogel-based gene delivery systems.

Colorimetric and Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Atropine-Hyoscyamine and Hyoscine (Scopolamine) in Solanaceous Plants

1975 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 884-887
Author(s):  
Mohamed S Karawya ◽  
Samia M Abdel-Wahab ◽  
Mohamed S Hifnawy ◽  
Mohamed G Ghourab
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Acetic Anhydride ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Chromatographic Procedure ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Solanaceous Plants ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Colorimetric Methods

Abstract Two colorimetric micromethods are described for the determination of atropine-hyoscyamine and hyoscine (scopolamine), using p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde and citric acid-acetic anhydride as the color reagents. These methods are sensitive to 60-1200 and 10-360 μg alkaloid/10 ml. The colorimetric methods were also successfully applied after a preliminary thin layer chromatographic separation of the alkaloids. A gasliquid chromatographic procedure was also developed, which yielded comparable results with the colorimetric methods.

scholarly journals Facile preparation of porefilled membranes based on poly(ionic liquid) with quaternary ammonium and tertiary amine head groups for AEMFCs

2019 ◽  
Vol 338 ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Xie ◽  
Zhigang Shao ◽  
Xueqiang Gao ◽  
Jinkai Hao ◽  
Wei Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Tertiary Amine ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Head Groups ◽  
Facile Preparation ◽  
Poly Ionic Liquid

Solution Chemistry in Fused Phenol. III. Conductance Studies of the Solutions of Acids, Bases and Salts in Fused Phenol

1979 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
KC Malhotra ◽  
VP Mahajan ◽  
RG Sud
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Lewis Acids ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Pair Formation ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Weak Bases ◽  
Triple Ion Formation ◽  
Triple Ion ◽  
Protonic Acids

Conductance measurements of protonic acids, Lewis acids, bases and quaternary ammonium and inorganic salts have been carried out in fused phenol at 50 � 0.1°C. The possibility of triple ion formation has been ruled out: however, an extensive ion pair formation in the solution is supported by results from plots of Λc against log√C Λ0 values have been determined for these solutes. A possibility of the estimation of weak bases, in fused phenol, has been explored, fluorosulfuric acid being used as a titrant.

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