Semimicro and Micro Steam Distillation. The Estimation of the Essential Oil Content of Small Plant Samples.

1962 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1650-1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Franklin ◽  
H. Keyzer
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Small Plant ◽  
Plant Samples

scholarly journals Essential Oil Content, Composition and Bioactivity of Juniper Species in Wyoming, United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valtcho D. Zheljazkov ◽  
Tess Astatkie ◽  
Ekaterina A. Jeliazkova ◽  
Bonnie Heidel ◽  
Lyn Ciampa
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil ◽  
Common Juniper

The objective of this study was to evaluate variations in leaf essential oil (EO) content and composition of Juniperus species in the Bighorn Mountains { J. communis L. (common juniper), J. horizontalis Moench. (creeping juniper), and J. scopulorum Sarg. (Rocky Mountain juniper)} in Wyoming, USA. The EO was extracted via steam distillation of fresh leaves (needles). The EO composition of the three Juniper species varied widely. Overall, the essential oil content of fresh leaves was 1.0% (0.4–1.8% range in different accessions) in J. communis, 1.3% (1.2 to 1.6% range) in J. horizontalis, and 1.1% (0.7–1.5% range) in J. scopulorum. The EO chemical profile of J. communis was very different from that of the other two species. The concentration of α-pinene in the oil was 67–80% in J. communis, 2.8–6% in J. horizontalis, and 2.3–13% in J. scopulorum. The concentration of sabinene was 57–61% of the oil of J. horizontalis and 13–59% in oil of J. scopulorum, whereas sabinene was either below 1% or not detected in J. communis. The oils of J. scopulorum and J. horizontalis had higher antioxidant capacity than that of J. communis. The oils of the three junipers did not show significant antimicrobial activity against 10 organisms. The diversity of the essential oil composition of these three junipers may encourage diverse industrial applications of Juniperus leaf essential oil.

scholarly journals Evaluation of content of essential oil in selected Salvia L. Species / Hodnocení obsahu silice ve vybraných druzích rodu Salvia L.

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (s9) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
J. Neugebauerová ◽  
S. Raab ◽  
K. Kaffková
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Aromatic Plant ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Is Evaluation ◽  
Salvia Officinalis L ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

Abstract Salvia L. is multipurpose aromatic plant, used in a wide range of industries, including pharmaceutical, cosmetics, food and above all, in ornamental gardening. The aim of this study is evaluation of essential oil content of ornamental Salvia L. species cultivated in experimental field of Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Horticulture in Lednice during two periods 2002-2004 and 2009- 2012. Variability of essential oil yield of 42 different taxa was monitored for 9 years. Essential oil content was determined via steam distillation, expressed as ml/kg. The lowest content for the entire period showed sample S. przewalskii, in year 2010 (content 0.02 ml/kg) and the highest content for the entire period showed sample S. officinalis ‘Extracta’, in year 2004 (22.90 ml/kg). The results of evaluation of essential oil content in Salvia L. are consistent with data in the literature comparing the case of subspecies and varieties of Salvia officinalis L. The average content of essential oil ranges from 6.51 to 19.20 ml/kg.

scholarly journals Comparison of Extraction Methods for the Rapid Determination of Essential Oil Content and Composition of Basil

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denys J. Charles ◽  
James E. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Good Recovery ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

Essential oils were extracted from leaves, flowers, and stems of Ocimum basilicurn, O. kilimandscharicum, and O. micranthum by solvent extraction, hydrodistillation, and steam distillation for essential oil content and the oil analyzed by GC and GC/MS for composition. While the yield of essential oil was consistently higher from steam distillation than hydrodistillation, a similar number of compounds was recovered from both hydrodistillation and steam distillation. Though the relative concentration of the major constituents was similar by both methods, the absolute amounts were higher with steam distillation. Essential oil content and composition varied by plant species and plant part. Essential oil content was highest in flowers for O. basilicum and in leaves for O. micranthum. No significant differences were observed in essential oil yield and relative concentration of major constituents using fresh or dry samples and using samples from 75 g to 10 g of dry plant tissue. While minor differences between hydrodistillation and steam distillation were observed, both methods resulted in high yields and good recovery of essential oil constituents. Hydrodistillation is a more-rapid and simpler technique than steam and permits the extraction of essential oil where steam is not accessible.

scholarly journals An investigation of CO2 extraction of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.)

2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidija Petrovic ◽  
Zika Lepojevic ◽  
Verica Sovilj ◽  
Dusan Adamovic ◽  
Vele Tesevic
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Calendula Officinalis ◽  
Extraction Kinetics ◽  
Total Extract ◽  
High Pressure Co2 ◽  
The One ◽  
Calendula Officinalis L

Essential oil content (0.05 %) of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) was determined using the official steam distillation procedure. High-pressure CO2 extraction of plant material under supercritial (100, 200 and 300 bar and 40?C) and subcritical (60, 90 and 120 bar and 15?C) conditions for 3 h was investigated. It was found that the increase in the pressure promoted an increase in the yield. The essential oil contents obtained from the investigated CO2 extracts by steam distillation were significantly higher (1.52-2.70 times) and increased with pressure. Major constituents of the oil, identified using GC-MS and GC-FID, were ?-cadinol (26.54 %), T-cadinol and T-muurolol (9.80 %), ?-cadinene (2.99 %), hexadecanoic acid (2.95 %), and ledane (2.45 %). In addition, the essential oils of the CO2 extracts contained ?-cadinene (6.50-19.87 % under supercritical and 16.09-19.41 % under subcritical conditions), which was not found in the essential oil obtained from the plant by steam distillation. The extraction kinetics was investigated at 200 bar and 40 ?C. The total extract obtained after 10 h of extraction was 6.54 % and essential oil content in it, refering to plant material, was 0.209 %, which is 4.16 time more than the one determined by the standard steam distillation procedure.

scholarly journals The essential oil content in caraway species (Carum carvi L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sedláková ◽  
B. Kocourková ◽  
L. Lojková ◽  
V. Kubáň
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Supercritical Fluid Extraction ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Common Method ◽  
Fluid Extraction ◽  
Main Portion

Caraway fruits contain 1–6% of essential oils consisting of about 30 compounds, from which carvone and limonene account form the main portion, about 95%. To evaluate the quality of various caraway cultivars, the amounts of essential oils and the carvone/limonene ratio were measured. The most common method of essential oil evaluation is steam distillation in accordance with Standard ČSN 58 0110, but an alternative method – supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) – was also investigated in this paper. Ground caraway fruits were extracted under different SFE conditions (pressure, temperature, use of modifiers). Released compounds (carvone and limonene) were quantified by GC.  

scholarly journals The Essential Oils-bearing Plant Containing Eugenol in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Le Huy Hai ◽  
Le Mai Xuan Truc ◽  
Nguyen Quoc Trung
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Strong Growth ◽  
High Resolution Gas Chromatography

Aim and Objectives: Eugenol is widely used in the pharmaceutical and aromatic industries, so the task of surveying to find essential oils containing eugenol is very important. The purpose of this study is to investigate essential oil-bearing plants containing eugenol in Vietnam for pharmaceutical and aromatic industries. Materials and Methods: By the method of fresh sampling of essential oil plants, essential oils are extracted by steam distillation and then analyzed by high-resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) to identify eugenol sources. Results: We have found that a lot of plants containing high eugenol content mostly grow wild in forests such as Hiptis suaveolens Poit. containing 62-67% eugenol, Cinnamomum verum Prest: 75-80%, Camellia sasanqua Thumb.: 90-95% can be used to exploit essential oils and extract eugenol. We also pointed out that essential oil plants containing high eugenol as Cestrum nocturnum L.: 50-55%, Ocimum sanctum L.: 60-65%, Ocimum gratissimum L.: 65-75% can be cultivated to obtain eugenol for the pharmaceutical and aromatic industry. Conclusions: During the survey, we discovered and made a list of 10 plants as a source of essential oils containing eugenol in Vietnam. The rainy season in Vietnam is from June to September. During this season, the essential oil content in the fresh leaves is lower than in the dry season, therefore, the eugenol content in the essential oils is low. However, due to the strong-growth of plants in the rainy season, a lot of fresh leaves can be harvested, which mean there are more essential oils presented to be extracted.

scholarly journals Essential oil content, chamazulene content and antioxidative properties of Achillea millefolium agg. extracts from Slovenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Boris TURK ◽  
Dea BARIČEVIČ ◽  
Franc BATIČ
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Achillea Millefolium ◽  
Antioxidative Capacity ◽  
Distillation Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Diploid Taxon

The study aimed to clarify some biochemical properties, important for the phytopharmaceutical use of yarrow from the A. millefolium agg.. The study comprised 41 populations from Slovenia. The most abundant taxa were included: Achillea millefolium L., A. roseoalba Ehrend., A. collina (Wirtg.) Becker ex Rchb., A. distans Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd., A. pannonica Scheele, A. pratensis Saukel & R.Länger and A. nobilis L. Assessment of essential oil content with the steam distillation method showed no significant difference between taxa. Essential oil content was the lowest in A. collina (6.50 ml kg-1 of dry matter), followed by A. pannonica (7.75 ml kg-1), A. distans (8.50 ml kg-1), A. nobilis (9.40 ml kg-1), A. pratensis (9.65 ml kg-1), A. nobilis × A. millefolium (12.25 ml kg-1), A. roseoalba (12.75 ml kg-1) and A. millefolium (13.50 ml kg-1). The content of azulenes was determined by photometrical measurement of chamazulene in essential oil extracts. Chamazulene was only present in the diploid taxon and one tetraploid taxon, i.e., A. roseoalba (0.16 % of dry plant mass) and A. collina (0.05 %). The differences in antioxidative capacity of extracts from different taxa were not statistically significant, so we can assume that specific antioxidative capacity is not bound to a specific taxon or ploidy level.

scholarly journals Volatile Oil and Thymol Accumulation in Thymus vulgaris

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 888A-888
Author(s):  
W. Letchamo ◽  
C. Mengle ◽  
A. Gosselin
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Active Substances

The content of essential oil, thymol, and carvacrol in a thymol-type of clonally selected thyme plants during different developmental stages were investigated under greenhouse and field conditions. Plants in the greenhouse were grown from July to November, under natural light and natural light supplemented by a PPF of 200 μmol·m–2·s–1, provided by HPS lamps, while plants in the field were studied from June to November. Shoot yield and the accumulation of the active principles from greenhouse-grown plants were determined by harvesting the plants at 40-, 60-, and 120-day intervals, while field-grown plants were harvested in August, September, October, and November. Essential oil content, qualitative and quantitative changes in the oil were determined by subjecting the samples to steam distillation and subsequent gas chromatographic analysis. There were important changes in shoot yield, essential oil, thymol, and carvacrol content in the course of plant development. After 120 days of growth under greenhouse conditions, the essential oil content increased by >150%, while thymol content increased by ≈200% compared with the 40-day-old plants. We found some differences in oil content, thymol, and carvacrol accumulation between field- and greenhouse-grown plants. The pattern of crop yield and the accumulation of the major active substances under field and greenhouse conditions are presented and discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document