Techniques Useful for Sodium Biphenyl Determination of Micro Quantities of Organic Chlorine

1960 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Blinn
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chlorine

Methods for Determination of Sum Parameters and Characterization of Organochlorine Compounds in Spent Bleach Liquors from Pulp Mills and Water, Sediment and Biological Samples from Receiving Waters

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kari Martinsen ◽  
Alfhild Kringstad ◽  
Georg E. Carlberg
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Solvent Mixture ◽  
Pulp Mills ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Organic Chlorine

Methods suitable for determination of extractable organic chlorine in water, sediment and fish have been optimized. Cyclohexane was found to be the best nonpolar extraction solvent. For sediment and fish samples a cyclohexane/isopropanol solvent mixture was used. The organic chlorine in the extracts was determined by neutron activation analysis. The precision of the methods varied between 1 and 11 percent over a large concentration interval. Two methods for determination of adsorbable organic halogen using carbon and XAD-4 as adsorbents were compared. The carbon adsorption method had a lower detection limit (3 µg/l) and gave higher concentrations for effluents,and fresh and brackish water samples. The XAD-4 method gave higher concentrations for sea water samples. Examples of treatment with sulphuric acid containing different amounts of water and the use of thin layer and gel permeation chromatography to separate and characterize extractable organic chlorine are shown.

Photocatalytic degradation of propanil and molinate over TiO2 suspensions

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.A. Albanis ◽  
I.K. Konstantinou ◽  
V.A. Sakkas
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sulfate Ions ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Organic Chlorine ◽  
Simulated Solar Irradiation

The light-induced degradation of propanil and molinate under simulated solar irradiation has been investigated in aqueous solutions containing TiO2 suspensions as photocatalysts. The study focuses on the identification of possible intermediate products and the determination of inorganic ions formed during the process, using several powerful analytical techniques such as gas chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) and ion chromatography (IC). The primary degradation of propanil and molinate has been a fast process with half-lives varying from 4.3 to 2.9 minutes respectively, and followed pseudo-first-order kinetics according to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The stoichiometric transformation of organic chlorine into chloride ion and organic sulfur to sulfate ions was observed for propanil and molinate respectively, whereas oxidation of nitrogen to nitrate ions took place at delayed irradiation times for both herbicides. The mineralization of the organic carbon to CO2 after 240 min of irradiation was found to be ≥ 95% for both herbicides. Various organic intermediates detected during the treatment have been identified by GC/MS techniques. Based on this by-product identification, a possible multi-step degradation scheme was proposed for each herbicide including hydroxylation, dechlorination, dealkylation and oxidation steps that lead to the mineralization of the starting molecule.

Determination of PVC in Presence of Reactive Fillers

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Walter
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Variable Mass ◽  
Bulk Polymerization ◽  
Chlorine Content ◽  
Thermogravimetric Data ◽  
Organic Chlorine ◽  
Halogenated Polymers ◽  
Rule Out ◽  
Co2 Elimination

Abstract PVC content in thermoplastic materials can be determined from the total chlorine or more specifically from organic chlorine content. Organic chlorine content can be determined by ASTM D 1551 using the described modifications. Presence of reactive fillers such as CaCO3 results in large negative errors. When reactive fillers are expected to be present, the quantity of PVC should be determined with methods measuring total chlorine or by TGA. TGA can be used successfully for the analysis of such samples. Plasticizers and PVC stabilizers are extracted before analysis to eliminate interfering or variable mass loss in PVC thermograms. This technique can also be used for the analysis of PVC/NBR mixtures. In unknown compounds, the technique should be used in conjunction with FTIR analysis to facilitate polymer identification and to rule out interference by other halogenated polymers. Excess of unreacted CaCO3 can be observed and the amount determined from thermograms. Remaining CaCO3 can be determined from mass loss due to elimination of CO2. If a cooling step is introduced before the atmosphere is switched from nitrogen to air, a clearer separation of residue oxidation and CO2 elimination are obtained. On reheating, residue oxidation then takes place between 450 and 500°C, well separated from CO2 elimination at about 700°C. Variation of thermograms using PVC obtained by different polymerization procedures needs to be further investigated. Structural differences and thermal stability of PVC samples made by emulsion, suspension, and bulk polymerization have been examined by various techniques, but no thermogravimetric data are given.

Aspects of Rationing of Chlorine-Containing Substances Discharged with Sewage into Lake Baikal

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
G.A. Sambursky ◽  
A.M. Pogorely
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Organochlorine Compounds ◽  
Wastewater Discharge ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Organic Chlorine ◽  
Determination Methods ◽  
Concentration Levels

One of the indicators of the normalization of sewage quality for discharge into Lake Baikal is absorbed organic chlorine (AOC). The area of possible application of his indicator in conditions of its standardization level is defined. It was shown that this parameter was included in the rationing of wastewater specifically for the determination of organochlorine compounds in the wastewater of Baikal PPM. It was noted that the requirements for determining the AOC indicator for wastewater discharge are normalized at a very low level of determination. Methods for performing AOX measurements have been considered, and concentration levels have been proposed for the determination of chlorine-containing compounds formed precisely in the result of disinfection of sewage by chlorination.

Determination of the stratospheric organic chlorine budget in the spring arctic vortex from MIPAS B limb emission spectra and air sampling experiments

1995 ◽  
Vol 100 (D7) ◽  
pp. 13979 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. von Clarmann ◽  
A. Linden ◽  
H. Oelhaf ◽  
H. Fischer ◽  
F. Friedl-Vallon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Air Sampling ◽  
Organic Chlorine

scholarly journals Determination of organic chlorine in water via AlCl derivatization and detection by high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Abad ◽  
Stefanie Mimus ◽  
Sebastian Recknagel ◽  
Norbert Jakubowski ◽  
Ulrich Panne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Molecular Absorption ◽  
Continuum Source ◽  
Molecular Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Organic Chlorine

High-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GF-MAS) was employed for determining adsorbable organic chlorine (AOCl) in water. Organic chlorine was indirectly quantified by monitoring the molecular absorption of...

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