Determination of Total Dissolved solids in Water by Electrical Conductivity

1939 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 355-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Gustafson ◽  
A. S. Behrman
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Dissolved Solids

scholarly journals RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY VIA DESIRABILITY FUNCTION TECHNIQUES FOR OPTIMIZING CORRELATED RESPONSES OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS OF SELECTED BOREHOLE WATER

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-342
Author(s):  
KEHINDE MONSURU YUSUFF ◽  
M. Lawal ◽  
A. T. Audu ◽  
O. A. Wale-Orojo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Dissolved Solids

The health benefits in the description and observation of quantitative contents of quality parameters present or contained in any water source cannot be underestimated as they determine selection of best choice from available water sources for different intended uses as well as resource consumption. It also helps to compare the observed quantity of the quality with the acceptable standards or limits to get desired results. Physical parameters like pH, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) among others are determined by present of other chemical properties like Cations (Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, etc), Anions (Cl-, NO3-, SO42+, etc), heavy metals and other dissolved materials during the course of its formation in different proportions and amounts. This study observed EC and TDS of 20 selected boreholes as two close and correlated water quality parameters as well as two of the major water quality parameters that account for overall quality of any water source, despite their different quantitative contents and physical features, they are likely determined by the same set of cations and anions with similar constraint equations. In contrast to linear programming, multiple criteria optimization models were fitted for EC and TDS using Response Surface Methodology via desirability techniques, optimal values obtained in this case measured against several criteria are found to lie between acceptable standards limits for drinking water, other numerical values and descriptive features in the final results reflect that the response equations obtained were well fitted.

scholarly journals Researchof Water Quality and its Chemical Parameters by Titration Method and Instrumenal Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S4) ◽  
pp. 871-874
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Instrumental Method ◽  
Titration Method ◽  
Dissolved Solids

he water quality analysis is an important aspect in understanding the behavior of water and what can they be used for. This study gives us a valuable information on the general properties of water quality parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, TDS, Bicarbonate, Sulfate, Nitrate, chloride etc. of the study area . Water samples were analyzed at the water quality lab. NIH, Roorkee for pH, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. The pH of water varied from 7.14 to 7.75. The electrical conductivity (EC) of sample falls from 620µS/cm to 2000µS/cm. The overall total dissolved solids in water of study area varied from 120mg/l to 900mg/l. Overall the range of the Chloride in water of the study area tend to falls between 13mg/l to 375mg/l. Sulfate of all the water samples that were collected from the study area have ranged from 28mg/l to 250mg .The range of the Bicarbonate of all the water samples varied from 320mg/l to 1051mg/l. The study area helps to know about water quality parameters and how to find their values by usingtwo methods : 1) titration method 2) instrumental method .It also helps us to apply these water quality parameters in ArcGis. It helps us to show the values of different parameters in different blocks ofambala for different years In this we have studied different blocks of ambala district Haryana .We have taken the samples from different places from the blocks and also samples are from wells, canal , rivers, ponds.

scholarly journals Hydrochemistry of Groundwater in Northeast Part of Anbar Governorate – West of Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 0088
Author(s):  
Hussein Ilaibi Zamil Al-Sudani
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Hydrochemical Parameters ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Drinking Purposes ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Geological Formation ◽  
Continental Origin

A groundwater quality assessment has been carried out in northeast part of Anbar governorate in western Iraq. We analyzed hydrochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids presence of ions to describe groundwater quality. The study area has the only confined aquifer within the geological formation extended in area. Values of groundwater hydrochemical parameters were ranged from (7) to (7.9) for ph, (1599) to (6800) µmhos/cm for electrical conductivity (EC) and (1048) to (4446) mg/l for total dissolved solids (TDS). The origins and types of groundwater in the area were of marine origin and MgCl2 water type while only (6) samples were of continental origin and Na2SO4 water type. Groundwater utilization indicated that it can't be used for drinking purposes, while few groundwater wells can be used for agricultural and (33) groundwater samples can be used for animal purposes. However, the nature of the soil in the area and the depth of the groundwater qualified water for agricultural uses in significant and wide ranges.

scholarly journals Kajian Proses Fermentasi Bioslurry Kotoran Sapi dengan Penambahan Molase

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
I Made Mudiarta ◽  
Yohanes Setiyo ◽  
I Wayan Widia
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Dissolved Solids

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui interaksi perlakuan penambahan molase dan penggunaan aerator pada proses fermentasi bioslurry kotoran sapi dan untuk mengetahui perlakuan terbaik pada proses fermentasi bioslurry kotoran sapi sesuai dengan persyaratan teknis minimal pupuk organik cair No.70./Permentan/SR.140/10/2011. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok faktorial dengan dua faktor dan tiga taraf perlakuan. Faktor pertama adalah penambahan 0, 2 dan 3 persen molase dan faktor kedua adalah penggunaan aerator 0, 1 dan 2. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Parameter yang diamati adalah suhu, biochemical oxygen demand, pH, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, C-organik, N-total, rasio C/N dan warna bioslurry. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi perlakuan penambahan molase dan penggunaan aerator berpengaruh pada proses fermentasi bioslurry kotoran sapi. Interaksi perlakuan penambahan molase 2 - 3 persen dengan penggunaan aerator 1-2 dapat mempercepat proses fermentasi bioslurry kotoran sapi dari 15 hari menjadi 10 hari. Hal ini ditandai dengan nilai biochemical oxygen demand yang sudah menurun pada hari ke 10 fermentasi. Dari sembilan perlakuan pada proses fermentasi bioslurry kotoran sapi, penambahan molase 3 persen dengan penggunaan 2 aerator merupakan perlakuan yang terbaik yaitu, menghasilkan total dissolved solids 6270 ppm, electrical conductivity 3,36 mS, C-organik 6,75 persen, N-total 0,44 persen, rasio C/N 15,82 dan warna hitam. Hasil ini sudah sesuai dengan standar No.70/Permentan/SR.140/10/2011. Namun, untuk kandungan N-total bioslurry belum cukup memenuhi standar Permentan yaitu 3 - 6 persen.

scholarly journals Inter-annual chemical stratification in Brazilian natural lakes: meromixis and hypolimnetic memory

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Gomes Barbosa ◽  
Francisco Antonio Rodrigues Barbosa ◽  
Carlos Eduardo de Mattos Bicudo
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Light Attenuation ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Light Limitation ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Attenuation Coefficients ◽  
Natural Lakes ◽  
Chemical Stratification ◽  
High Chemical Stability

AIM: chemical stratification and the patterns of light limitation and nutrients of two natural lakes, one shallow and the other one deep, were comparatively evaluated, both lakes located in the southeast Brazil. METHODS: pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids and nutrients were monthly collected during 5 consecutive years at the vertical profile of the two lakes. RESULTS: multivariate analysis indicated that the long thermal stratification period favored the occurrence of chemical stratification in the two lakes. However, in the deeper lake the stratified thermal profile with high hypolimnetic nutrient concentration, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids and redox potential indicated that the mixing was not complete even during the annual circulation period, suggesting a slight meromixis and a high chemical stability at the hypolimnion. In the shallower lake, high light attenuation and high availability of nitrogen forms (mainly N-NH4) and phosphorus was observed along the water column, even during stratification. In the deeper lake, N and P co-limitation and low light attenuation coefficients were detected. CONCLUSION: thermal and chemical stratification patterns indicated that the Carioca lake is a shallow, turbid, nutrient rich, whereas the Dom Helvecio lake is a deep, clear, oligotrophic system with a tendency towards meromixis and the isolation of solutes in the hypolimnion. Consequently, meromixis was compared to a "hypolimnetic memory", which was defined, in the case of the deeper lake, as the maintenance of the chemical stratification along the years, during the lake thermal circulation period.

scholarly journals Bacteriological and physical quality of fiche drinking water from households and reservoirs, Oromia, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Sebsibe ◽  
Birhanu Degaga ◽  
Gezahegn Feye ◽  
Tsige Tekle
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Water Handling

Abstract Drinking water is the major source of bacteria pathogens in developing countries along with poor sanitation and contamination of food with a pathogen. More than half of the population of the country uses unimproved sanitation facilities while 36% of them practiced open defecation. The aim of the study was to investigate the suitability of public water for drinking. The study is designed to include a survey of 90 respondents and experimental analysis of 170 water samples from households and reservoirs. Water quality parameters, such as temperature, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, and bacteriological parameters like total coliforms (TC) and fecal coliforms (FC) were determined. Many of the respondents (88.8%) remarked that the water has no smells, tastes, and color. The experimental analysis confirmed that temperature (19.7 °C), electrical conductivity (269.63 μS/cm), turbidity (1.17 NTU), and total dissolved solids (134.3 mg/L) were found below the prescribed limit of World Health Organization guidelines for drinking water. Total coliforms (9.29 CFU/100 mL) and fecal coliforms (5.07 CFU/100 mL) were detected from pipe water sources during the wet season showing non-compliance with the guidelines. The reservoir samples were free from bacterial contamination. The main point of drinking water contamination was the household where unsafe water handling practice was a common habit in the study area. Hence, awareness conception training on safe water handling practices is highly recommended for the communities.

scholarly journals Kajian Tingkat Akurasi Sensor pada Rancang Bangun Alat Ukur Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) dan Tingkat Kekeruhan Air

Jurnal Fisika ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Rahmi Putri Wirman ◽  
Indrawata Wardhana ◽  
Vandri Ahmad Isnaini
Keyword(s):  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Accuracy Level

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and turbidity of water are parameters to determine the quality of water. In this research, instruments development and study of accuracy level for TDS meter and turbidimeter have been made. Instruments were made using TDS sensor and turbidity sensor that were inexpensive and available on the market. The samples used for instruments examination were water with dye (Rhodamine B) and powder of coffee as impurities. The results showed that the sensors worked properly and provided a better accuracy in measuring water samples with coffee impurities than dye impurities. The inaccuracy on the determination of water samples with dye impurities due to dye particles which have soluble properties on water and microscopic size than particles of coffee.

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