Resolution of acid strength in tert-butyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol of substituted benzoic acids, phenols, and aliphatic carboxylic acids

1979 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Chantooni ◽  
I. M. Kolthoff
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Acid Strength ◽  
Benzoic Acids ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
Tert Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Substituted Benzoic Acids ◽  
Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids

A new method for the determination of the relative acidities of alcohols in alcoholic solutions. The nucleophilicities and competitive reactivities of alkoxides and phenoxides

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (20) ◽  
pp. 2747-2754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilkins Reeve ◽  
Charles M. Erikson ◽  
Patrick F. Aluotto
Keyword(s):  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
New Method ◽  
Butyl Bromide ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
Ether Mixture ◽  
Tert Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Relative Nucleophilicity ◽  
Semiquantitative Method

A new semiquantitative method has been developed for measuring the relative acidities of methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and tert-butyl alcohol in mixed hydroxylic solvents. A solution of the alkoxides of two alcohols in an excess of the two alcohols is allowed to react with n-butyl bromide to form a mixture of two ethers. The composition of the ether mixture is a measure of the "competitive reactivity" of thetwo alkoxides. This can be measured directly, and in theory can be factored into two components: the relative nucleophilicity and the relative basicity of the two alkoxides. Relative nucleophilicities are determined by using solutions in which phenol is one component. Knowing the competitive reactivities and nucleophilicities, the relative acidities of methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and tert-butyl alcohol in alcoholic media are shown to be 4.4, 1.0, 0.24, and 0.21, respectively. The relative nucleophilicities of hydroxide, methoxide, ethoxide, isopropoxide, tert-butoxide, phenoxide, and m-cresoxide are 0.08, 0.82, 1.0, 0.4, 0.04, 0.46, and 0.57 respectively.

Influence of solvent on kinetics of reactions of Cr(II) ions

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1554-1559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ševčík ◽  
Ján Tkáč
Keyword(s):  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Methyl Alcohol ◽  
Maleic Acid ◽  
Redox Reaction ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Dichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
Tert Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Kinetics Of

This paper deals with the study of redox reactions of Cr(II) ions with hydroxylamine, hydrazoic acid, maleic acid, di- and trichloroacetic acids in so-called typically aqueous mixtures of water with methyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, or tert-butyl alcohol. The kinetics of the redox reaction with dichloroacetic acid was studied also in the medium of aqueous acetone and in a typically nonaqueous medium water-acetonitrile. The dependences of activation Gibbs energies on the mole fraction of the nonaqueous component have no minima and maxima characteristic for the thermodynamic behaviour of the mentioned binary systems. However, the change of the activation Gibbs energy with the mole fraction of tert-butyl alcohol is not monotonous with all the studied reactions of Cr(II) ions. At a constant mole fraction of the nonaqueous component, the usual trend of the influence on the rate constants decreases in the sequence tert-butyl alcohol > isopropyl alcohol > methyl alcohol. Tert-butyl alcohol hinders most strongly the redox reaction with trichloroacetic acid, whereas it accelerates the reaction of Cr(II) ions with maleic acid and hydroxylamine.

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Investigation of the Solvent Effect on the Oxidation of [Co(en)2SCH2COO]+ with S2O82- In Water-Methanol and Water-tert-Butyl Alcohol Mixtures

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 1001-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oľga Vollárová ◽  
Ján Benko
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Activation Parameters ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Oxidation Of Co ◽  
Kinetics Of Oxidation ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
Tert Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Mixtures ◽  
Kinetics Of

The kinetics of oxidation of [Co(en)2SCH2COO]+ with S2O82- was studied in water-methanol and water-tert-butyl alcohol mixtures. Changes in the reaction activation parameters ∆H≠ and ∆S≠ with varying concentration of the co-solvent depend on the kind of the latter, which points to a significant role of salvation effects. The solvation effect on the reaction is discussed based on a comparison of the transfer functions ∆Ht0, ∆St0 and ∆Gt0 for the initial and transition states with the changes in the activation parameters accompanying changes in the CO-solvent concentration. The transfer enthalpies of the reactant were obtained from calorimetric measurements.

scholarly journals Impacts of Sn(II) doping on the Keggin heteropolyacid-catalyzed etherification of glycerol with tert-butyl alcohol

2021 ◽  
pp. 116913
Author(s):  
Márcio José da Silva ◽  
Diego Morais Chaves ◽  
Sukarno Olavo ferreira ◽  
Rene Chagas da Silva ◽  
Jose Balena Gabriel Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
Tert Butyl Alcohol
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