Headspace-Liquid Phase Microextraction for Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds at Trace Levels

2010 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 3045-3051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Gonzálvez ◽  
Salvador Garrigues ◽  
Sergio Armenta ◽  
Miguel de la Guardia
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Liquid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Volatile Organic

scholarly journals Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Water by Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared Spectroscopy and Diamond-Like Carbon Coated Silicon Wafers

Chemosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Carina Dettenrieder ◽  
Dervis Türkmen ◽  
Andreas Mattsson ◽  
Lars Österlund ◽  
Mikael Karlsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Diamond Like Carbon ◽  
Silicon Waveguide ◽  
Hydrophobic Polymer ◽  
Volatile Organic

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are one of the most commonly detected contaminants in water. The occurrence is mainly in gasoline and other petroleum-based products, fumigants, paints and plastics. Releases into the environment and the widespread use have an impact on the ecosystem such as humans and animals due to their toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity. VOCs may persist in groundwater and may enter drinking water supplies. In this paper, a diamond-like carbon (DLC)-coated silicon waveguide in combination with a polymer film (ethylene/propylene copolymer, E/P-co) for enrichment of analytes was investigated to determine its suitability for ATR-FTIR (attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopic detection of VOCs. The DLC film was fluorine-terminated enhancing the adhesion of the hydrophobic polymer to the waveguide surface. The analytes diffuse into the hydrophobic polymer whereas water is excluded from the emanating evanescent field. Therefore, direct detection in aqueous systems is enabled. Nine VOCs, i.e., ethylbenzene (EB), trichloroethylene (TCE), tetrachloroethylene (TeCE), the xylene isomers (p-xylene, pXYL; m-xylene, mXYL; o-xylene, oXYL), naphthalene (NAPH), toluene (TOL), and benzene (BENZ), were evaluated simultaneously qualitatively and quantitatively showing the potential of DLC coatings revealing high sensitivities in the low ppb to ppm concentration range, i.e., 50 ppb for TeCE. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time of IR spectroscopic detection of VOCs in aqueous solutions using DLC-coated waveguides in combination with a hydrophobic polymer. By utilizing a DLC-coated waveguide, a versatile sensor for real-time monitoring in harsh environments such as effluents, leaking pipelines, and underground storage tanks is feasible due to response times within a few minutes.

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