Measurement and control of water content of organic solvents

1986 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 1561-1563 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Goderis ◽  
B. L. Fouwe ◽  
S. M. Van Cauwenbergh ◽  
P. P. Tobback
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
And Control ◽  
Measurement And Control

scholarly journals Automated Measurement and Control of Germination Paper Water Content

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2232
Author(s):  
Lina Owino ◽  
Marvin Hilkens ◽  
Friederike Kögler ◽  
Dirk Söffker
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Growth Substrate ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Predictive Controller ◽  
And Control ◽  
Improved Accuracy ◽  
Measurement And Control

Germination paper (GP) is used as a growth substrate in plant development studies. Current studies bear two limitations: (1) The actual GP water content and variations in GP water content are neglected. (2) Existing irrigation methods either maintain the GP water content at fully sufficient or at a constant deficit. Variation of the intensity of water deficit over time for plants grown on GP is not directly achievable using these methods. In this contribution, a new measurement and control approach was presented. As a first step, a more precise measurement of water content was realized by employing the discharging process of capacitors to determine the electrical resistance of GP, which is related to the water content. A Kalman filter using an evapotranspiration model in combination with experimental data was used to refine the measurements, serving as the input for a model predictive controller (MPC). The MPC was used to improve the dynamics of the irrigation amount to more precisely achieve the required water content for regulated water uptake in plant studies. This is important in studies involving deficit irrigation. The novel method described was capable of increasing the accuracy of GP water content control. As a first step, the measurement system achieved an improved accuracy of 0.22 g/g. The application of a MPC for water content control based on the improved measurement results in an overall control accuracy was 0.09 g/g. This method offers a new approach, allowing the use of GP for studies with varying water content. This addressed the limitations of existing plant growth studies and allowed the prospection of dependencies between dynamic water deficit and plant development using GP as a growth substrate for research studies.

scholarly journals Functionality of Process Control in Moulded Goods Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 01006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Puhova ◽  
Vladimir Lebedev
Keyword(s):  
Process Control ◽  
Automatic Control ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Automatic Regulation ◽  
Automatic Process ◽  
Automatic Process Control ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
And Control ◽  
Measurement And Control

The article presents the findings of the research in the field of automatic control of peat mass quality in hollow peat pot production. The strength of the finished product determines its integrity and crumblability which affect the loss during drying and transportation. Therefore, knowing the strength characteristics we can use them for quality control. Besides, not strength but heterogeneity in the distribution of pores, moisture, and density is responsible for crumbling. Automatic regulation of effective peat mass water content is one of the main stages determining the quality. At this stage automatic control of the flow, dispersion and water content of peat mass entering the pulper tank as well as measurement and control of the amount of additional elements introduced, such as mineral components, wood pulp, and water to form the required consistency, are provided for. The models of automatic process control are built and analyzed with the methods of differential equation theory, numerical integration, and stability theory. The model is implemented with the custom-made proprietary software. The model adequacy is determined empirically by comparing the data obtained on the model with the actual technological process.

2. Measurement and Control of Airborne Microorganisms Using Electrostatic Methods

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mainelis ◽  
R. Gorny ◽  
K. Willeke ◽  
S. Grinshpun ◽  
T. Reponen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Microorganisms ◽  
And Control ◽  
Measurement And Control
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