scholarly journals Institutions, Norms, and Accountability: A Corruption Experiment with Northern and Southern Italians

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Institutional Environments ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Group I ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Quality Enforcement

AbstractAnti-corruption research has highlighted the potential for grassroots monitoring to improve governance outcomes, but the conditions under which citizens are willing to report bribery remain under-studied. Are individuals from some societies socialized into a “culture of corruption” that makes them more accepting of malfeasance, or is the failure to denounce wrongdoing simply a response to low-quality enforcement institutions? I conduct a laboratory experiment to examine how the propensity to report corruption differs between Northern and Southern Italians, two populations experiencing different levels of corruption in everyday life. For each group, I experimentally manipulate the quality of enforcement institutions. When given high-quality institutions, all participants are more willing to report corruption. Moreover, Southerners and Northerners behave similarly when placed within the same institutional environments. These results suggest that high-corruption societies are not “culturally” predisposed to tolerate malfeasance. Rather, improving the capacity of enforcement institutions may significantly strengthen accountability norms.

scholarly journals Predictors of efficacy in depression prevention programmes

2003 ◽  
Vol 183 (5) ◽  
pp. 384-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Jané-Llopis ◽  
Clemens Hosman ◽  
Rachel Jenkins ◽  
Peter Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
Quality Of Research ◽  
Different Levels

BackgroundWorldwide, 340 million people are affected by depression, with high comorbid, social and economic costs.AimsTo identify potential predictors of effect in prevention programmes.MethodA meta-analysis was made of 69 programmes to reduce depression or depressive symptoms.ResultsThe weighted mean effect size of 0.22 was effective for different age groups and different levels of risk, and in reducing risk factors and depressive or psychiatric symptoms. Programmes with larger effect sizes were multi-component, included competence techniques, had more than eight sessions, had sessions 60–90 min long, had a high quality of research design and were delivered by a health care provider in targeted programmes. Older people benefited from social support, whereas behavioural methods were detrimental.ConclusionsAn 11% improvement in depressive symptoms can be achieved through prevention programmes. Single trial evaluations should ensure high quality of the research design and detailed reporting of results and potential predictors.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Effects of Different Cotton Fibre Wastes on Different Yarn Types

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demet Yilmaz ◽  
Sinem Yelkovan ◽  
Yasir Tirak
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Research ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cotton Yarn ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Yarn Properties ◽  
Cotton Fibres ◽  
Yarn Production ◽  
Rotor Yarn ◽  
Different Levels

In order to make a contribution to the reduction of raw material costs, in the present study the effect of reused cotton fibres on the quality of conventional ring and OE-rotor yarns was investigated. In the yarn production, it three different waste fibres were taken from a cotton yarn production line and blended with primary cotton fibres at five different levels varying from 5% to 40%. In literature, studies have concentrated on the usage of recovered waste fibre in OE-rotor yarn production. However, to date there has been limited extensive and comparative research on the effect of recovered fibre quality on different yarn properties to determine the possibility of high-quality yarn production from reused fibres. In the study, we focused on the effect of different waste types as well as the amount of waste in the blends on the properties of different yarn types.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ПРОДОЛЖИТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННОГО ЦИКЛА И УРОВНЯ КОРМЛЕНИЯ НА ПРОДУКТИВНЫЕ КАЧЕСТВА БЫЧКОВ АБЕРДИН АНГУССКОЙ ПОРОДЫ

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
M.M. SHAKHMURZOV ◽  
F.A. SHEVKHUZHEV ◽  
V.A. POGODAEV ◽  
N.V. TSURIKOVА
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Different Levels

Эффективность специализированного мясного скотоводства можно повысить за счет реализации интенсивных технологий. Целью нашей работы было изучение влияния различных уровней кормления бычков абердин ангусской породы по периодам выращивания, откорма, длительности производственного цикла на продуктивность и качество говядины. Длительность периодов и продолжительность производственного цикла были следующие: первый период колебался по I, II, III группам — 138, 155, 178 дней; второй — 145, 163, 186 дней; третий — 143, 161, 182 дня. Удельный вес концентратов по питательности составлял по группам 30, 40, 50%, а питательность израсходованных кормов за цикл соответственно 3233, 3045, 2914 ЭКЕ. В целом за весь производственный цикл выращивания и откорма бычки достигли одинаковой живой массы (441,5—445,3 кг). При этом животные III группы по среднесуточному приросту превосходили своих сверстников из I группы на 205 г, или на 28,7% (Р<0,001), а бычков II группы на 112 г, или на 15,7% (Р<0,001). Расход кормов на 1 кг прироста колебался от 7,7 корм. ед. в I группе до 7,0 корм. ед. в III (разница 11,0%), в то время как затраты концентратов в I группе по сравнению с III были меньше на 31% и во II — на 15,4%. Средняя масса парной туши по группам составила 235,8—240,4 кг, они имели хороший жировой полив туш (16,8—18,5 баллов) и убойный выход (53,4—54,0%). Наибольший уровень рентабельности получен при реализации бычков III группы (36,8%).The effectiveness of specialized beef cattle breeding can be improved through the implementation of intensive technologies. The aim of our work was to study the influence of different levels of feeding Angus breed Aberdeen bulls on the periods of cultivation, fattening, duration of the production cycle on the productivity and quality of beef. The duration of the periods and the duration of the production cycle were as follows: the first period ranged in groups — 138, 155, 178 days; the second — 145, 163, 186 days; the third period — 143, 161, 182 days. The specific weight of concentrates on nutrition was in groups of 30, 40, 50%, and the nutritional value of consumed feed per cycle, respectively, 3233, 3045, 2914 EKE. In General, for the entire production cycle of growing and fattening bulls reached the same live weight (441.5—445.3 kg). At the same time, animals of group III exceeded their peers from group I by 205 g, or by 28.7% (P<0.001), and bulls of group II by 112 g, or by 15.7% (P<0.001). Feed consumption per 1 kg of growth ranged from 7.7 feed. units in group I up to 7.0 feed. units in III (difference 11,0%), while the costs of concentrates in group I compared to III were less by 31% and in II — by 15,4%. The average mass of steam carcass of the groups was made amounting to 235.8—240,4 kg, they had a good watering fatty carcasses (16,8—18,5 points) and slaughter yield (53,4—54,0%). The greatest level of profitability obtained with the implementation of the calves of group III (36.8 per cent).

Influence of technology parameters of free-cutting steel continuous casting on the billet internal structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
A. T. Kunakbaeva ◽  
A. M. Stolyarov ◽  
M. V. Potapova
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Continuous Casting ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Cutting Steel ◽  
Continuously Cast

Free-cutting steel gains specific working properties thanks to the high content of sulfur and phosphorus. These elements, especially sulfur, have a rather high tendency to segregation. Therefore, segregation defects in free-cutting steel continuously cast billets can be significantly developed. The aim of the work was to study the influence of the chemical composition of freecutting steel and casting technological parameters on the quality of the macrostructure of continuously cast billets. A metallographic assessment of the internal structure of cast metal made of free-cutting steel and data processing by application of correlation and regression analysis were the research methods. The array of production data of 43 heats of free-cutting steel of grade A12 was studied. Steel casting on a five-strand radial type continuous casting machine was carried out by various methods of metal pouring from tundish into the molds. Metal of 19 heats was poured with an open stream, and 24 heats – by a closed stream through submerged nozzles with a vertical hole. High-quality billets had a cross-sectional size of 150×150 mm. The macrostructure of high-quality square billets made of free-cutting steel of A12 grade is characterized by the presence of central porosity, axial segregation and peripheral point contamination, the degree of development of which was in the range from 1.5 to 2.0 points, segregation cracks and strips – about 1.0 points. In the course of casting with an open stream, almost all of these defects are more developed comparing with the casting by a closed stream. As a result of correlation and regression analysis, linear dependences of the development degree of segregation cracks and strips both axial and angular on the sulfur content in steel and on the ratio of manganese content to sulfur content were established. The degree of these defects development increases with growing of sulfur content in steel of A12 grade. These defects had especially strong development when sulfur content in steel was of more than 0.10%. To improve the quality of cast metal, it is necessary to have the ratio of the manganese content to the sulfur content in the metal more than eight.

Experience of clinical testing of personal telemedicine system ‘Obereg’ for remote monitoring of patients in intensive care units

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Eryomenko ◽  
N. V. Rostunova ◽  
S. A. Budagyan ◽  
V. V. Stets
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Clinical Testing ◽  
Transportation Of Patients ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Telemedicine System ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Hospital Equipment

The experience of clinical testing of the personal telemedicine system ‘Obereg’ for remote monitoring of patients at the intensive care units of leading Russian clinics is described. The high quality of communication with the remote receiving devices of doctors, the accuracy of measurements, resistance to interference from various hospital equipment and the absence of its own impact on such equipment were confirmed. There are significant advantages compared to stationary patient monitors, in particular, for intra and out-of-hospital transportation of patients.

Nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy in patients with infiltrative cervical cancer

2016 ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
T. Dermenzhy ◽  
◽  
V. Svintitskiy ◽  
S. Nespryadko ◽  
L. Legerda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Radical Hysterectomy ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nerve Sparing ◽  
Group I ◽  
Hypogastric Plexus ◽  
Prognostic Indexes

The objective: to improve an effectiveness of therapy and quality of life of patients with infiltrative cervical cancer using radical hysterectomy accomplished with nerve-sparing methodology. Patients and Methods: Ninety patients with histologically verified infiltrative cervical cancer were cured with radical hysterectomy (RHE) in the Department of Oncogynecology of National Cancer Institute (Kyiv, Ukraine) in 2012-2016. The age of the patients was from 26 to 65 years (an average age of 42.61±1.06). The patients were distributed in 2 groups: group I treated with nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy (NSRHE), 45 patients, the main group; group II treated with radical hysterectomy (RHE III), the control group, 45 patients. The prognostic indexes in the groups were similar. Results. NSRHE that included the dissection of cardinal ligament, separation of dorsal and anterior layers of uterovesical ligament allowed separate uterine branch of inferior hypogastric plexus, preserve an innervation of urinary bladder and prevent the malfunction of its contractile function at postoperative period. Conclusion. The data of the urodynamic study using cystomanometry performed at pre- and early operative periods have shown that surgical treatment of patients with infiltrative cervical cancer with preservation of the major elements of pelvic autonomic plexuses allows significantly decrease the rate of postoperative urogenical malfunctions. Key words: nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy, cervical cancer, cystomanometry.

Paepalanthus fabianeae (Eriocaulaceae): A New Microendemic Species from a Morphologically Coherent Clade

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 794-801
Author(s):  
Caroline Oliveira Andrino ◽  
Marcelo Fragomeni Simon ◽  
Jair Eustáquio Quintino Faria ◽  
André Luiz da Costa Moreira ◽  
Paulo Takeo Sano
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Espinhaço Range ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract—We describe and illustrate Paepalanthus fabianeae, a new species of Eriocaulaceae from the central portion of the Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Previous phylogenetic evidence based on analyses of nuclear (ITS and ETS) and plastid (trnL-trnF and psba-trnH) sequences revealed P. fabianeae as belonging to a strongly supported and morphologically coherent clade containing five other species, all of them microendemic, restricted to the Espinhaço range. Due to the infrageneric classification of Paepalanthus being highly artificial, we preferred not assigning P. fabianeae to any infrageneric group. Paepalanthus fabianeae is known from two populations growing in campos rupestres (highland rocky fields) in the meridional Espinhaço Range. The species is characterized by pseudodichotomously branched stems, small, linear, recurved, and reflexed leaves, urceolate capitula, and bifid stigmas. Illustrations, photos, the phylogenetic position, and a detailed description, as well as comments on habitat, morphology, and affinities with similar species are provided. The restricted area of occurrence allied with threats to the quality of the habitat, mainly due to quartzite mining, justifies the preliminary classification of the new species in the Critically Endangered (CR) category using the guidelines and criteria of the IUCN Red List.

METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF VISUALIZATION OF CORONARY ARTERIES WITH TRANSTHORACIC ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

2018 ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Z. A. Agaeva ◽  
K. B. Baghdasaryan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Coronary Blood Flow ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Transthoracic Echocardiography ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Anatomic Reconstruction ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Acoustic Window ◽  
Methodological Aspects

The transthoracic echocardiography made by multifrequency probes with support of the mode of the second harmonic imaging, is a competitive method for visualization of the main coronary arteries and allows to estimate coronary blood flow with high quality. Of course, the method has considerable restrictions, most important of which is the low spatial resolution of a method, due to small acoustic window. Because of this the transthoracic visualization of coronary arteries perhaps will not become the leading method of anatomic reconstruction of separately taken coronary artery and especially all coronary arteries system. However uniqueness and indisputable advantage of this method is an opportunity to noninvasively estimate a coronary blood flow both once, and in dynamics.

Estimates on poverty in Russia and the additional measures to reduce it at the regional level

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Sadykov
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Social Standard ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sociological Studies

Subject. This article deals with the issues of social justice and a high quality of life, creating favorable economic and social conditions. Objectives. The article aims to assess the rate and changes in poverty in Russia and the Republic of Bashkortostan and develop complementary measures to reduce it. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of logical, comparative, economic and statistical analyses, the results of sociological studies, and official statistics. Results. The article highlights additional measures to reduce poverty in the region, including the establishment of a minimum social standard of living in each particular region that determines the poverty rate. Conclusions. Various factors, such as economic sanctions, economic slowdowns, territorial and regional imbalances, lead to living standards decline and poverty rise.

SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF POSTGRADUATE TRAINING FOR OFFICER WORKING ETHNIC AFFAIRS USING STATE BUDGET IN THE PERIOD OF 2018 – 2025

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
La Duc Minh ◽  
Nguyen Thi Hao ◽  
Vu Thi Thuy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Postgraduate Training ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
National Defense ◽  
High Quality ◽  
State Budget ◽  
International Integration

Ethnic affairs play an important role in socio of ethnic groups’ solidarity, assurance of security and national defense stability. In -economic development, maintenanceorder to improve the quality of ethnic affairs, it is practical to carry out postgraduate training of officer implementing ethnic affairs using state budget with the aim of encouraging and enhancing officer quality to satisfy high-quality human resource in international integration.

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