Fertilizer placement effects on eclipta (Eclipta prostrata) growth and competition with container-grown ornamentals

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 496-502
Author(s):  
Yuvraj Khamare ◽  
S. Christopher Marble ◽  
Annette Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Fertilizer Placement ◽  
Ligustrum Lucidum ◽  
Eclipta Prostrata ◽  
Industry Practice ◽  
Buxus Microphylla ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Ornamental Species

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effect of fertilizer placement on the growth of eclipta [Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.] and evaluate its interference with container-grown ornamental plants, including Japanese boxwood (Buxus microphylla Siebold & Zucc.) and ligustrum (Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton). Results indicated that subdressing reduced E. prostrata shoot weight by 28%, 42%, and 46% at depths of 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 cm, respectively, in comparison with a topdressed fertilizer treatment (a standard industry practice). Presence of E. prostrata reduced the growth of both ornamental species. Ligustrum shoot weight decreased as subdressing depth increased, while boxwood growth was most notably reduced at the 7.5-cm depth in comparison with topdressed containers. Overall, results indicated that subdressing may be an effective weed management strategy, but subdressing depth needs to be based on initial liner size to prevent possibly delays in production time.

scholarly journals Effects of Three Fertilization Methods on Weed Growth and Herbicide Performance in Soilless Nursery Substrates1

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Cody J. Stewart ◽  
S. Christopher Marble ◽  
Brian E. Jackson ◽  
Brian J. Pearson ◽  
P. Christopher Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Fertilizer Placement ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Eclipta Prostrata ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Abstract Research objectives were to determine the effect of fertilization method (incorporation, subdress, and topdress) on weed growth and the performance of preemergence herbicides applied to soilless substrates. Nursery containers were filled with a pine bark:peat substrate and fertilized at two different rates [4.4 and 9.5 kg.m−3 (8.9 and 19.2 lb.yd−3)] via topdressing, subdressing, or incorporating. Containers were treated with either dimethenamid-P for spotted spurge (Euphorbia maculata L.), flumioxazin for eclipta (Eclipta prostrata L.) or prodiamine for large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L.). A control was established for each fertilizer rate/placement and weed species that was not treated. Incorporating or subdressing fertilizer resulted in reduced large crabgrass and spotted spurge growth in non-treated containers. Weeds grew larger at the higher fertility rates in both topdress and incorporated treatments but fertilizer rate did not affect growth of spotted spurge or large crabgrass when fertilizers were subdressed. Herbicides generally provided commercially acceptable weed control regardless of fertilizer treatment, but results varied with species. Results suggest that in the absence of herbicides, topdressing may result in greater weed growth compared with subdressing or incorporating fertilizers; however, fertilizer placement will have less impact on herbicide performance if proper herbicides are chosen and applied correctly. Index words: topdress, subdress, incorporate, large crabgrass, eclipta, spotted spurge, preemergence Chemicals used in this study: Flumioxazin (SureGuard®); 2-[7-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-4-(2-propynyl)-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-isoindole1,3(2H)-dione; Dimethenamid-P (Tower) 2-chloro-N-[(2,4-dimethyl-3-thienyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide; Prodiamine (Barricade) 2,4-dinitro-N3, N3-dipropyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-benzenediamine (Barricade®) Species used in this study: Large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L.); Eclipta (Eclipta prostrata L.); Spotted spurge (Euphorbia maculata L.)

scholarly journals Weed Management and Herbicide Selectivity in Ornamental Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. MARTINS ◽  
C.C. MARTINS ◽  
A.C. SILVA JR.
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cost Management ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Ornamental Species

ABSTRACT: Floriculture and landscaping sector has the same problems as other crops regarding weed management. Weeds affect the yield and quality of the harvested product, in which the visual aspect and aesthetics stand out as the most important factors in flower production and landscaping. Weed control in floriculture and landscaping is critical and costly because maintaining the beauty of the product and the use of herbicides is a low-cost management tool compared to manual management. However, it implies knowing herbicide selectivity, as ornamental species may present some injury depending on the active ingredient and the degree of selectivity of the compound. Because the use of this practice in flower production and landscaping both abroad and mainly in Brazil is incipient, aspects of selectivity, chemical weed control, and safe application of different herbicides are addressed in this paper.

scholarly journals Fertilizer placement affects growth and reproduction of three common weed species in pine bark–based soilless nursery substrates

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 682-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debalina Saha ◽  
S. Christopher Marble ◽  
Nelmaris Torres ◽  
Annette Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Fertilizer Placement ◽  
Tropical Plants ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Eclipta Prostrata ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

AbstractWeed management in container crops is primarily accomplished through frequent PRE herbicide applications and supplemental hand weeding. However, many ornamental species are sensitive to herbicides, and a significant number of tropical plants, ornamental grasses, and foliage crops have not been screened for herbicide tolerance. As nursery crops are produced in inert substrates that are largely composed of bark or peat, strategic fertilizer placement has the potential to significantly reduce weed growth in container-grown ornamentals. Growth and reproduction of three common container nursery weed species, eclipta [Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.], large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.], and spotted spurge (Euphorbia maculata L.), were evaluated following fertilization via alternative methods, including subdressing or dibbling in comparison with industry standard practices of topdressing or incorporating a controlled-release fertilizer (17-5-11 [8 to 9 mo.]) to each 3.8-L container at 36.5 g per container. Fertilizer placement had little to no effect on germination of Eclipta prostrata or D. sanguinalis, but incorporation increased E. maculata germination by 77% to 183% compared with other placements or a nonfertilized control. Subdressing reduced seed production by 94%, 63%, and 92% for Eclipta prostrata, D. sanguinalis, and E. maculata, respectively, compared with the average number of seeds produced in the conventional placement methods (average of incorporation and topdressing). Dibbling fertilizer resulted in similar decreases in the case of D. sanguinalis and E. maculata, while Eclipta prostrata produced no seeds when fertilizer was dibbled. Similar to reductions observed in reproduction, subdressing fertilizer resulted in biomass decreases of 90%, 81%, and 85% compared with the average biomass of the incorporation and topdressed placements. Results suggest alternative fertilizer placements could be implemented as part of an integrated weed management program in container production to reduce weed growth.

Effects of Photoperiod on Reproductive Development in Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Growth Differences ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Reciprocal Transfer

When velvetleaf plants from Mississippi and Minnesota populations were maintained in growth chambers with day/night temperatures of 29/23 C and photoperiods of 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 h, flower buds and open flowers appeared first in the 12 h photoperiod. Buds and flowers appeared 2 to 4 d later at photoperiods of 11, 13, or 14 h. Increasing the photoperiod beyond 14 h to 15 h delayed bud appearance an additional 7 d in the MN plants and 12 d in the MS plants. Open flowers appeared four to five nodes higher, 10 d later at 15 than at 14 h in the MN plants and 20 d later in the MS plants. Vegetative shoot weight and fruit weight 73 d after emergence were greater in 13 h or longer photoperiods than at 11 or 12 h. In shorter photoperiods, MN plants produced more vegetative growth than MS plants, but the reverse occurred at longer photoperiods where MS plants were taller than MN plants. These growth differences occurred because earlier shifts in allocation to reproductive growth in MN plants limited their vegetative growth, particularly in the longest photoperiods. Differences in rate of reproductive development between populations were not evident until photoperiod exceeded 13 h. Reciprocal transfer of plants of the MS population between short and long photoperiods revealed the durations of the juvenile (pre-inductive), inductive, and post-inductive phases to be 3 to 5, 7 to 8 (short day) or 30 (long day), and 10 to 11 d, respectively. Differences in competitive ability among latitudinal biotypes of photoperiodically-sensitive weeds may depend on time of emergence in the field and consequent photoperiod exposure. Weed growth simulation models to be used in development of expert systems for weed management should take photoperiodic sensitivity into account.

scholarly journals A Review on Haploid and Double Haploids in Ornamental Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar Meena ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Dh Population ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Haploid Species ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Ornamental Species

Sporophyte plants with many gametophytic chromosomes are called haploid plants. These plants can be produced naturally or through in vitro or in vivo induction techniques. Double haploid (DH) can be obtained by doubling the number of haploid chromosomes spontaneously or artificially. They are homozygous, and this homozygosity will be realized in the life cycle of a generation using the DH production system. This production system is used to correct heterosis. Easy to interact with the DH population. DH can be used as parental inbreds of new varieties or self-pollinated plants or cross-pollinated plants. Haploids can be used to isolate mutants, especially if the mutant allele is not diploid. If the haploid is transformed immediately after the chromosome is copied, the plant can be obtained step by step. By combining biotechnological means with conventional methods, the important goal of improving cultivated plants can be achieved in a short time. This article analyzes the various developments in the field of haploid species related to economically important ornamental species.

scholarly journals New color variations highlight Park sage (Salvia nemorosa L.) and characterization

2012 ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
Tünde Kaprinyák ◽  
Judit Koroknai ◽  
Anikó Zsiláné André ◽  
Miklós Gábor Fári ◽  
Zoltán Kováts† ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Color Version ◽  
Ornamental Species ◽  
Additional Option

The negative effects of climate change on ornamental plants are also becoming more serious harm. In the current planting display appearing ornamental species and vareities needed in addition to the domestic well-changeable climate-tolerant plantspecies is involved. A natural populations of Sage Park is still unknown to us color- and shape variations are hidden. Plants of the natural vegetation collected from these clones formed three major evaluation of the color version with a temporary color variations have appeared. The axial length of inflorescens, color and brevity of the flowers were also significant differences. The botanists have not been tested by the sepal and bract from top to bottom and may vary. In 2011, the shoots are planted in field breading methods to perform an additional option.

scholarly journals Differences in Tolerance of Broccoli and Cabbage Cultivars to Clomazone Herbicide

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard F. Harrison ◽  
Mark W. Farnham
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
Market Size ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Head Weight ◽  
Shoot Weight

Clomazone herbicide is registered for cabbage (Brassica oleracea Capitata group) in the United States but not for other crop groups within the species. Greenhouse and field experiments were designed to compare the tolerance of broccoli (B. oleracea Italica group) and cabbage cultivars to clomazone to assess its potential for weed management in broccoli. Four broccoli cultivars (Captain, Green Magic, Legacy, and Patron) and four cabbage cultivars (Bravo, SC 100, Stone Head, and Vantage Point) were evaluated in all experiments. In a greenhouse experiment where seedlings were transplanted into potting medium containing clomazone at 0, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 parts per million (ppm), ‘Bravo’ cabbage was most susceptible. Its injury ratings and shoot weight reduction at 1.0 ppm were similar to ratings and shoot weight reduction for the other cabbage cultivars at 4.0 ppm. Among the broccoli cultivars, Patron was highly susceptible, exhibiting injury and shoot weight reduction similar to Bravo. Green Magic was the most tolerant broccoli cultivar, and it exhibited injury and growth reduction similar to the tolerant cabbage cultivars. In a field experiment where clomazone was applied pretransplanting at 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 lb/acre, 0.25 lb/acre caused moderate chlorosis to the susceptible cultivars, Bravo and Patron. At 0.50 and 1.0 lb/acre, most cultivars exhibited chlorosis at 2 weeks after transplanting (WAT); however, tolerant cultivars recovered and injury was often not observed at 6 WAT. At 1.0 lb/acre, chlorosis persisted until maturity on ‘Bravo’ and ‘Patron’ foliage. Clomazone did not reduce mean broccoli head weight or the percentage of plants producing market-size heads. Mean cabbage head weight for ‘Bravo’ was reduced by clomazone at 1.0 lb/acre. This study indicates that the variability in clomazone tolerance among broccoli cultivars may be similar to that among cabbage cultivars and suggests that the herbicide can be used safely on tolerant broccoli cultivars at rates that are recommended for cabbage.

scholarly journals Saline water irrigation managements on growth of ornamental plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 739-745
Author(s):  
Francisco I. F. Oliveira ◽  
Wiliana J. F. de Medeiros ◽  
Claudivan F. de Lacerda ◽  
Antônia L. R. Neves ◽  
Davi R. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Saline Water ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Ixora Coccinea ◽  
Ideal Method ◽  
Ornamental Species

ABSTRACT Biosaline agriculture is an option for using waters with lower quality. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of ornamental species under irrigation with increasing water salinity levels in two methods of water application. The study was conducted in a greenhouse, in the municipality of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. The treatments were distributed in randomized blocks in split plots, with six levels of water salinity in the plots (0.6 - control, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4, 3.0 and 3.6 dS m-1), two methods of water application in the subplots (localized and sprinkler irrigation) and four ornamental species in the sub-subplots (Catharanthus roseus, Allamanda cathartica, Ixora coccinea and Duranta erecta), with four replicates. Increase in irrigation water electrical conductivity reduced the growth of the studied ornamental species. It was not possible to establish an ideal method for irrigation of ornamental species. Effects of non-localized irrigation on leaf growth were more evident in the species C. roseus and D. erecta, which showed higher specific leaf area.

scholarly journals The Use of Soil Parameters in Predicting Weed Infestation in Maize (Zea mays L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Gabriel Olulakin Adesina ◽  
Yetunde Bunmi Oyeyiola ◽  
Kasali Amofe Adelasoye ◽  
Akinpelu Festus Akin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Weed Species

A field work was carried out to investigate the extent to which selected soil chemical properties can influence weed species distribution. There were sixteen treatments of two factors (Fertilizer type and weeding regimes) laid out in RCBD. The treatments included four fertilizer types; no fertilizer (F1), inorganic fertilizer – NPK 15:15:15 applied at 100 kg NPK/ha (F2), organic fertilizer – phosphocompost applied at 2.5 t/ha and organomineral – 50% NPK 15:15:15 plus 50% phosphocompost. Four weeding regimes: weedy treatment (W1), weeding once (W2), weeding twice (W3) and weed free (W4). Weed free and weed once significantly improved maize growth and yield parameter under inorganic and organomineral fertilizer types. Increasing soil pH, organic carbon and available phosphorus significantly reduced total weed biomass with plot that received no fertilizer been responsible for highest weed population. In organic fertilizer treatment significantly reduced soil pH from the initial 6.5 to 6.0 though, it combination with weed once or weed twice gave highest grain yield. Better nutrition (in terms of improved soil nutrient especially macro nutrient and organic carbon) when combined with weeding once can ascertain proper weed management and sustainable maize production.

scholarly journals Contribución al estudio polínico de especies ornamentales de San Miguel de Tucumán (Tucumán, Argentina). Pollen morphology of ornamental species from San Miguel de Tucumán (Tucumán, Argentina).

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
María L. Espeche ◽  
Nora J. F. Reyes ◽  
María E. García ◽  
Alberto C. Slanis
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Ligustrum Lucidum ◽  
Hydrangea Macrophylla ◽  
Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis ◽  
Shrubby Species ◽  
Euphorbia Milii ◽  
Ornamental Species ◽  
Jacaranda Mimosifolia

Español.  San Miguel de Tucumán posee vegetación ornamental de carácter exótico y autóctono distribuída en calles y plazas. Con el objeto de facilitar la identificación de los granos de polen presentes tanto en sedimentos melíferos como en muestreos aerobiológicos locales, el presente trabajo continúa la descripción de la morfología polínica de la flora ornamental de esta ciudad. Se analizaron 10 especies arbóreas y arbustivas: Brachychiton populneus (Schott & Endl.) R. Br. (Malvaceae); Caesalpinia gilliesii (Wall. ex Hook.) D. Dietr. (Fabaceae); Campsis radicans (L) Bureau (Bignoniaceae); Euphorbia milii Des Moul. (Euphorbiaceae); Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.; H. rosa-sinensis L. var. schizopetalus Boulger, H. mutabilis L., (Malvaceae); Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. (Hydrangeaceae); Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don (Bignoniaceae) y Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton (Oleaceae). Las muestras provienen de material fresco y fueron procesadas según las técnicas convencionales de acetólisis y polen natural. Las preparaciones microscópicas fueron incorporadas a la Palinoteca (PAL-TUC) de la Fundación Miguel Lillo (FML). Se tomaron fotos con MO y MEB. Las descripciones polínicas amplían estudios previos realizados por diversos autores excepto en Hydrangea macrophylla y Jacaranda mimosifolia, de los que no encontramos referencias sobre morfología polínica en trabajos anteriores. De las especies estudiadas Ligustrum lucidum ha sido registrado en muestreos aerobiológicos. Brachychiton populneus, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis var. schizopetalus y Euphorbia milii se han encontrado en muestras melisopalinológicas.Inglés. San Miguel de Tucumán has ornamental vegetation of exotic and indigenous character distributed in streets and squares. In order to facilitate identification of pollen grains present in melliferous sediments and aerobiological sampling, this study continues the description of the pollen morphology of the ornamental flora of this city. For the study, 10 arboreal and shrubby species were analyzed: Brachychiton populneus (Schott & Endl.) R. Br. (Malvaceae); Caesalpinia gilliesii (Wall. ex Hook.) D. Dietr. (Fabaceae); Campsis radicans (L) Bureau (Bignoniaceae); Euphorbia milii Des Moul. (Euphorbiaceae); Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L., H. rosa-sinensis L. var. schizopetalus Boulger, H. mutabilis L., (Malvaceae); Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. (Hydrangeaceae); Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don (Bignoniaceae); Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton (Oleaceae). Samples obtained from fresh material were processed by conventional techniques of acetolysis and natural pollen. The microscopic preparations were incorporated into the Palinoteca (PAL-TUC) of the Fundación Miguel Lillo (FML). Pictures were taken with OM (optical microscope) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). The pollen descriptions of this work extend previous studies made by various authors except in Hydrangea macrophylla and Jacaranda mimosifolia, of which no references on pollen morphology were found in previous works. Among the species studied, Ligustrum lucidum, was found in aero biological samples; whereas Brachychiton populneus, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, H. rosa-sinensis. var. schizopetalus and Euphorbia milii were found in melisopalinological samples.

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