Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) interference in simulated sweetpotato plant beds

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-410
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Meyers ◽  
T. Casey Barickman ◽  
Jeffrey L. Main ◽  
Thomas Horgan
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
Masonry Sand

AbstractGreenhouse experiments were conducted in 2016 at Pontotoc and Verona, MS. On March 3 (Pontotoc) and March 7 (Verona), landscape fabric was placed in the bottom of polyethylene lugs, each 0.22 m2, then approximately 5 cm of a 1:1 (v/v) blend of soilless potting media and masonry sand was added. ‘Beauregard’ sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L). Lam.] storage roots weighing between 85 and 227 g, and several with emerging sprouts ≤1 cm, were placed longitudinally in a single layer on the substrate, then covered with an additional 3 cm of the substrate. Sprouted yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) tubers were transplanted equidistantly into sweetpotato-containing lugs at six densities: 0, 18, 36, 73, 109, and 145 m−2. Trials were terminated 55 and 60 d after planting at Pontotoc and Verona, respectively. Predicted total sweetpotato stem cuttings (slips) decreased linearly from 399 to 312 m−2 as C. esculentus density increased from 0 to 145 m−2. Predicted total slip dry weight at a C. esculentus density of 145 m−2 was reduced 21% compared with 0 m−2. Predicted rotten sweetpotato storage roots increased from 2.6 to 11.3 m−2 as C. esculentus density increased from 0 to 145 m−2. In response to increasing C. esculentus density, sweetpotato seed roots exhibited increased proximal-end dominance.

Effects of Glyphosate on Growth and the Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Levels of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus)

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 751-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Cañal Villanueva ◽  
B. Fernandez Muñiz ◽  
R. Sanchez Tames
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Underground System ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Secondary Shoot

Growth and the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were measured in greenhouse-grown yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL. ♯ CYPES), following treatment with glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine]. Herbicide was applied as a foliar spray at concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 mM. After 2 weeks, growth was inhibited, and chlorosis and leaf apex necrosis were observed. Plant height was reduced, leaf fresh weight was decreased by 40%, and leaf dry weight was slightly affected. Rhizome, tuber, and secondary shoot formation was strongly inhibited, but root development was not affected by glyphosate treatment. With the 10-mM treatment, dry weight of the underground system was reduced by 80%. Chlorophyll and carotenoid levels were decreased by 52 and 54%, respectively, following glyphosate treatment.

Effect of Corn (Zea mays) Seeding Date on the Growth of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus)

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zain Ghafar ◽  
Alan K. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tuber Size ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Tuber Production

Major differences in above- ground biomass and tuber production of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL. # CYPES) were not observed when corn (Zea maysL. “CO-OP S265”) was seeded on different dates (1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th week of May; and 1st week of June). The final seedbed was prepared just prior to each seeding date and this cultivation stimulated dormant tubers to sprout. As a result, a large population of yellow nutsedge emerged with the corn at all seeding dates. Because fertilizer was banded near the corn row, yellow nutsedge biomass, tuber dry weight and number of tubers were higher within corn rows than between rows. Tuber size was affected by seeding date and shifted toward smaller tubers within corn rows and larger tubers between the rows as the corn was sown late. The optimum seeding date of corn was in the 3rd week of May when the highest corn yield was obtained and yellow nutsedge growth was generally reduced.

Yellow Nutsedge Control with Soft-Incorporated Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Keeley ◽  
R. J. Thullen
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Storage Organs ◽  
Food Reserves ◽  
Photosynthetic Inhibitors

Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to study the influence of 12 soil-applied herbicides on the sprouting and mortality of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.) tubers. Alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide], butachlor [N-(butoxymethyl)-2-chloro-2′,6′-diethylacetanilide], cycloate (S-ethyl N-ethylthiocyclohexanecarbamate), EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate), napropamide [2-(α-naphthoxy)-N,N-diethylpropionamide], and U-27267 (3,4,5-tribromo-N,N,α-trimethylpyrazole-1-acetamide) delayed sprouting of tubers and provided 6 to 12 weeks control, but failed to kill tubers. Tubers appeared to escape injury by failing to sprout until activity of the herbicides had substantially dissipated. Herbicides known to interfere with photosynthesis, atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine], bromacil (5-bromo-3-sec-butyl-6-methyluracil), methazole [2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazolidine-3,5-dione], prometryne [2,4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine], San-6706 [4-chloro-5-(dimethylamino)-2-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone], and terbacil (3-tert-butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil) did not delay sprouting of tubers, but killed shoots after emergence. In addition to controlling vegetative growth, the photosynthetic inhibitors killed tubers by rapidly exhausting the food reserves of these storage organs.

scholarly journals Substantial Leaf Shedding—A Consistent Phenomenon among High-yielding Sweetpotato Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 826-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J. McLaurin ◽  
S.J. Kays
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Leaf Shedding ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Positive Correlations

Four high-yielding sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] cultivars displayed substantial leaf shedding, under typical field production conditions, that was not due to pathological or herbivory causes. Losses ranged from ≈ 45% to 60% of the total leaves formed by the normal harvest date during 2 years. There was a strong positive correlation between leaf shedding and the number of vines (r2 = 0.80) and nodes (r2 = 0.89) per plant. Likewise, positive correlations were found between leaf shedding and total dry weight (r2 = 0.67), root fresh weight (r2 = 0.65), root dry weight (r2 = 0.60), and vine dry weight (r2 = 0.68). Distinct differences were found among cultivars in dry-matter allocation within the plant. `Jewel' allocated a lower percentage of dry matter into vines and a higher percentage into storage roots. Estimated leaf dry matter losses due to leaf shedding ranged from 1.2 to 2.6 t·ha-1. High leaf losses appear to be closely related to vigorous vine growth and subsequent shading of older leaves but did not have a negative impact on storage root yield in the cultivars tested.

scholarly journals Effect of cutting position and vine pruning level on yield of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas L.)

1970 ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Ncube Netsai ◽  
Mutetwa Moses, Mtaita Tuarira
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Significant Difference

There is significant variation in yield of storage roots and vines of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) among farmers due to use of different cutting positions and pruning of vines at different levels. This study was carried out to establish the cutting position and the vine pruning level that give the best yield of both the storage roots and vines. The study was conducted in a 3x3 factorial arrangement in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Treatments included cutting position at three levels (apical cutting, middle cutting and basal cutting) and pruning at three levels, 0%, 25% and 50% respectively. Pruning was done. 50 days after planting. And storage root harvesting was done 100 days after planting. The two measurements were summed up to give the total vine weight. Storage root length, diameter and weight were measured at 100 DAP. Storage root length indicated significant difference (P<0.05) only among cutting positions with highest mean length (16.20 cm) obtained from apical cutting and the lowest (11.98 cm) from basal cutting. Storage root diameter, storage root weight and vine weight indicated significant interaction (P<0.05) of cutting position and vine pruning level. Highest mean root diameter and root weight were obtained from middle cutting and 25% vine pruning level, with the lowest being obtained from basal cutting and 50% vine pruning level. Highest vine weight was recorded from middle cutting and 50% vine pruning level, with the lowest being recorded from basal cutting and 0% vine pruning level. Both middle and apical stem cuttings can be recommended for higher storage root and vine yield. Vine pruning at 25% can be adopted for higher storage root yield while pruning at 50% can be suggested for higher vine yield.

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Cultivar and Weed Sensitivity to DPX-E9636

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Bewick ◽  
Kenneth Smith ◽  
William M. Stall ◽  
Steven M. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Black Nightshade ◽  
Application Method ◽  
American Black ◽  
Tomato Cultivars

Sensitivity of 49 tomato cultivars and four weeds to DPX-E9636 was determined in greenhouse experiments. Cultivar tolerance varied from completely tolerant to intolerant. The most efficacious application method in greenhouse experiments was early POST for the weeds tested (yellow nutsedge, prostrate eclipta, and paraquat-resistant and -sensitive American black nightshade). Paraquat-resistant American black nightshade was 123 times more sensitive to DPX-E9636 than the paraquat-sensitive biotype. Under field conditions and at 0, 36, or 72 g ai/ha applied one week after transplanting, tomato cultivars showed no response to DPX-E9636 in visual vigor ratings 3 wk treatment, or in shoot fresh or dry weight 4 wk after treatment.

Sweet Potato Periderm Components Inhibit Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Growth

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard F. Harrison ◽  
Joseph K. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Weight Concentration ◽  
Highly Sensitive

Sequential extraction and chromatographic procedures were used to isolate inhibitors of yellow nutsedge growth from sweet potato periderm tissue. Most of the inhibitory activity was found in a single high pressure liquid chromatography peak that contained 1.2% of the periderm dry weight. Concentration-response data indicated that yellow nutsedge is highly sensitive to this fraction. Several other fractions inhibited yellow nutsedge root growth, but they did not compose a major portion of the inhibitory capacity of the periderm extracts.

scholarly journals (250) Monogalactosyl-diglyceride Contents in Sweetpotato Clones

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1046D-1047
Author(s):  
Howard F. Harrison ◽  
Joseph K. Peterson ◽  
Maurice E. Snook
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Monogalactosyl Diglyceride ◽  
Root Tissues

Bioasssay-guided investigation of constituents possibly contributing to the allelopathic potential of sweetpotato led to the isolation of a nonpolar seed germination inhibitor in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) roots. Mass spectral data supported by HPLC s pectroscopic analyses and data obtained from hydrolysis products revealed the presence of three monogalactosyl-diglycerides (MGDGs) (galactosyl-di-linoleneoyl glyceride, galactosyl-linoleneoyl-linoleoyl glyceride, and galactosyl-di-linoleoyl glyceride) in storage roots. The compounds inhibited proso millet germination, and at 100 ppm inhibition was about 90%. MGDG with fully saturated fatty acids (galactosyl-distearoyl glyceride) was not inhibitory in the bioassay. An efficient method for quantitation of individual MGDGs was developed, and the contents of each compound in the storage root tissues of 12 genetically diverse cultivars and breeding lines were determined. On a dry weight basis, total MGDG contents ranged between 107 and 452 μg/g in the periderm, 298 and 807 μg/g in the cortex, and 296 and 755 μg/g in the stele. Also, large differences in the ratios of the three compounds between clones and between tissues within a clone were noted. The differences between clones indicate that manipulating total content and ratios of MGDGs through plant breeding is feasible.

Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) and Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) Response to Soil- and Foliar-Applied Mesotrione

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. McCurdy ◽  
J. Scott McElroy ◽  
Greg K. Breeden
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Root Absorption ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Mesotrione, a carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor, is being evaluated for use in turfgrass systems. It was hypothesized that root absorption of soil-applied mesotrione is necessary for effective weed control. Greenhouse studies were conducted to compare the effects of foliar-, soil-, and soil-plus-foliar–applied mesotrione at 0.14 and 0.28 kg ai/ha on yellow nutsedge and large crabgrass. In general, greatest control of yellow nutsedge and large crabgrass was by treatments that included soil application. In addition, mesotrione applied at 0.28 kg/ha generally controlled both yellow nutsedge and large crabgrass more effectively than mesotrione applied at 0.14 kg/ha. Soil- and soil-plus-foliar–applied mesotrione at 0.28 kg/ha controlled yellow nutsedge more than foliar-applied mesotrione 56 d after treatment. Soil-plus-foliar–applied mesotrione at 0.28 kg/ha controlled large crabgrass more than any other treatment 28 d after treatment. Soil- and soil-plus-foliar–applied mesotrione at both rates reduced large crabgrass foliar dry weight more effectively than did foliar-applied mesotrione. Results indicate that root absorption of mesotrione from soil is beneficial for the effective control of both yellow nutsedge and large crabgrass. For this reason, methods such as granular or high-volume applications, which enhance delivery of mesotrione to soil, would be potentially beneficial for turfgrass weed control.

Allelopathic Effects of Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) on Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) and Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard F. Harrison ◽  
Joseph K. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Wide Range

Greenhouse and laboratory studies were conducted to determine the allelopathic potential of two sweet potato [Ipomoea batatasL. (Lam.)] cultivars, ‘Regal’ and ‘SC 1149-19’. Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL. # CYPES) and alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) plants grown in soil from sweet potato field plots accumulated less dry matter than plants grown in soil from adjacent weedy plots. Growth of yellow nutsedge and alfalfa plants was also reduced when grown in a potting medium containing decomposing sweet potato plants in comparison to plants grown in potting medium alone. When the sweet potato potting medium mixture was incubated at 25 C and tested weekly using an alfalfa growth bioassay, inhibition was high initially but decreased over time and was not observed after a 12-week incubation. Aqueous methanol (50%)-soluble extracts of sweet potato periderm were inhibitory to yellow nutsedge root growth in vermiculite and alfalfa seed germination on filter paper. Regal extracts were inhibitory to yellow nutsedge root growth at a concentration of 2.5 mg periderm extracted/ml, but SC 1149-19 extract was inhibitory only at a concentration eight times higher. Similar differences between cultivars were observed with the alfalfa germination bioassay. Preliminary separation of the Regal periderm extract by paper chromatography indicated the presence of phenolic compounds with a wide range of polarities. Several of these UV-visible compounds were inhibitory to alfalfa germination.

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