Non–target site based resistance to the ALS-inhibiting herbicide mesosulfuron-methyl in American sloughgrass (Beckmannia syzigachne)

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (05) ◽  
pp. 527-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingliang Wang ◽  
Bingqi Liu ◽  
Yihui Li ◽  
Xiaoyong Luo ◽  
Lingxu Li
Keyword(s):  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Herbicide Metabolism ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Als Inhibitors

AbstractAmerican sloughgrass [Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fernald] is one of the most predominant and troublesome weeds in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields rotated with rice (Oryza sativa L.) in China. Mesosulfuron-methyl is one of the main herbicides used to selectively control B. syzigachne in winter wheat fields in China. After many years of application, mesosulfuron-methyl failed to control B. syzigachne in Yutai County. The objectives of this study were to determine the resistance level to mesosulfuron-methyl and other acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors in the B. syzigachne population collected from Yutai County (R) and identify the mechanism of resistance. The results indicated that the R population was 4.1-fold resistant to mesosulfuron-methyl and was cross-resistant to pyroxsulam (600-fold), imazethapyr (4.1-fold), flucarbazone (12-fold), and bispyribac-sodium (12-fold). In vitro assays revealed that ALS in the R population was as sensitive as that in a susceptible (S) population. Gene sequence analysis identified no known resistant mutations in the ALS gene of the R population. Furthermore, real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR experiments indicated that the expression level of the ALS gene in the R population was not different from that of the S population. However, the cytochrome P450 inhibitor malathion reversed the R population's resistance to mesosulfuron-methyl. The result of ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS-MS) spectral analysis indicated that the metabolic rates of mesosulfuron-methyl in the R population were significantly faster than in the S population. Therefore, non-target resistance to mesosulfuron-methyl has been demonstrated in the R population. The resistance was very likely caused by enhanced herbicide metabolism.

Cross-Resistance of Eclipta (Eclipta prostrata) in China to ALS Inhibitors Due to a Pro-197-Ser Point Mutation

Weed Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Li ◽  
Xiangju Li ◽  
Huilin Yu ◽  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Hailan Cui
Keyword(s):  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Eclipta Prostrata ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Plant Assays ◽  
Als Inhibitors ◽  
Als Inhibitor

Eclipta, widespread in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions, is one of the main malignant broadleaf weeds and thrives in moist and dryland fields. Field rates of acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors have failed to control eclipta in some farmlands in China. One ALS inhibitor–resistant population (R) collected from Jiangsu province in China was confirmed in the greenhouse in our preliminary work. Whole-plant assays revealed that this R population was highly resistant to four sulfonylureas (pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, 134-fold; bensulfuron-methyl, 172-fold; metsulfuron-methyl, 30-fold; and tribenuron-methyl, 195-fold), two triazolopyrimidines (pyroxsulam, 98-fold; penoxsulam, 30-fold), and one pyrimidinylthio-benzoate (bispyribac-sodium, 166-fold) and was moderately resistant to two imidazolinones (imazethapyr, 10-fold; imazapic, 19-fold). ALS enzyme-activity assays showed insensitivity of the ALS from the R population (resistance index values ranged from 12 to 293) to all of the above ALS inhibitors in vitro. Chromatograms fromALSgene sequence analysis detected a homozygous Pro-197-Ser amino acid substitution in the R population. These results confirmed that the Pro-197-Ser substitution results in broad-spectrum cross-resistance to ALS inhibitors in the eclipta R population. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report broad cross-resistance to ALS inhibitors in eclipta and to obtain the full-lengthALSgene sequence.

scholarly journals Comparison of Nutritional and Nutraceutical Properties of Burdock Roots Cultivated in Fengxian and Peixian of China

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2095
Author(s):  
Xiaoxiao Zhang ◽  
Daniela D. Herrera-Balandrano ◽  
Wuyang Huang ◽  
Zhi Chai ◽  
Trust Beta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
Protein Amino Acids ◽  
Nutraceutical Properties

This study aimed to analyze and compare the nutritional quality of powders of burdock root from Fengxian (FX) and Peixian (PX) in China. The nutrient composition including carbohydrates, protein, amino acids, vitamin C, carotenoids, as well as total phenols, total flavonoids and phenolic compounds were investigated in addition to in vitro antioxidant capacity. The results showed that the basic nutrients of burdock root powder (BRP) in both locations did not have significant differences (p > 0.05), although the in vitro antioxidant capacity of BRP of Fengxian (F-BRP) was greater than that of PX (p < 0.05). The burdock root peel powder (BRPP) possessed more phenolics and stronger in vitro antioxidant capacity than the burdock root powder (BRP) and peeled burdock root powder (PBRP) (p < 0.05). Moreover, better quality burdock root was obtained from FX. F-BRP was consequently analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for its phenolic composition. Seventeen phenolics, mainly caffeoylquinic acids, were detected. In addition, a total of 181 volatile compounds belonging to eight types were detected including alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, alkenes, esters, acids, linear or aromatic hydrocarbons, and others. The diverse compounds found in this study can provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of burdock in the food industry.

In vitro and whole-plant magnitude and cross-resistance characterization of two imidazolinone-resistant sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) somatic cell selections

Weed Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry R. Wright ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Shoot Culture ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Als Inhibitors ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Inhibitor Resistance ◽  
Als Inhibitor

Acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide carryover in soil can severely affect sugarbeets grown in the year(s) following application. Two newly developed imidazolinone-resistant (IMI-R) sugarbeet somatic cell selections (Sir-13 and 93R30B) were examined for magnitude of resistance and extent of cross-resistance to other classes of ALS inhibitors and compared to a previously developed sulfonylurea-resistant (SU-R) selection, Sur. In vitro shoot culture tests indicated Sir-13 resistance was specific to imidazolinone (IMI) herbicides at approximately a 100-fold resistance compared to the sensitive control sugarbeet. Sur was 10,000-fold resistant to the sulfonylurea (SU) herbicide, chlorsulfuron, and 40-fold resistant to the triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide (TP) herbicide, flumetsulam, but not cross-resistant to the IMI herbicides. 93R30B was selected for IMI-R from a plant homozygous for the SU-R allele,Sur, and displayed similar in vitro SU-R and TP-R as Sur, but also displayed a very high resistance to various IMI herbicides (400- to 3,600-fold). Compared to the sensitive control, Sir-13 was 300- and > 250-fold more resistant to imazethapyr and imazamox residues in soil, respectively. Response by whole plants to postemergence herbicide applications was similar to that observed in shoot cultures. Sir-13 exhibited > 100-fold resistance to imazethapyr as well as imazamox, and 93R30B showed > 250-fold resistance to both herbicides. 93R30B showed great enough resistance to imazamox to merit consideration of imazamox for use as a herbicide in these sugarbeets. Sir-13 showed a two- to threefold higher level of resistance in the homozygous vs. heterozygous state, indicating that like most ALS-inhibitor resistance traits, it was semidominantly inherited.

scholarly journals Bile Acids Quantification by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Method Validation, Reference Range, and Interference Study

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Danese ◽  
Davide Negrini ◽  
Mairi Pucci ◽  
Simone De Nitto ◽  
Davide Ambrogi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Interference Study

Bile acids (BA) play a pivotal role in cholesterol metabolism. Their blood concentration has also been proposed as new prognostic and diagnostic indicator of hepatobiliary, intestinal, and cardiovascular disease. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) currently represents the gold standard for analysis of BA profile in biological samples. We report here development and validation of a LC–MS/MS technique for simultaneously quantifying 15 BA species in serum samples. We also established a reference range for adult healthy subjects (n = 130) and performed a preliminary evaluation of in vitro and in vivo interference. The method displayed good linearity, with high regression coefficients (>0.99) over a range of 5 ng/mL (lower limit of quantification, LLOQ) and 5000 ng/mL for all analytes tested. The accuracies were between 85–115%. Both intra- and inter-assay imprecision was <10%. The recoveries ranged between 92–110%. Each of the tested BA species (assessed on three concentrations) were stable for 15 days at room temperature, 4 °C, and −20 °C. The in vitro study did not reveal any interference from triglycerides, bilirubin, or cell-free hemoglobin. The in vivo interference study showed that pools obtained from hyper-cholesterolemic patients and hyper-bilirubinemic patients due to post-hepatic jaundice for benign cholestasis, cholangiocarcinoma and pancreatic head tumors had clearly distinct patterns of BA concentrations compared with a pool obtained from samples of healthy subjects. In conclusion, this study proposes a new suitable candidate method for identification and quantitation of BA in biological samples and provides new insight into a number of variables that should be taken into account when investigating pathophysiological changes of BA in human diseases.

scholarly journals DDRE-14. HEMP DERIVED EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES (EVS): A POTENTIAL ANTI-GLIOMA THERAPY

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii64-ii64
Author(s):  
Hassan Azari ◽  
Nasser Nassiri Koopaei ◽  
Mohammad-Zaman Nouri ◽  
Jesse D Hall ◽  
Nancy D Denslow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Median Diameter ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Plant Sources

Abstract INTRODUCTION Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been harvested from many plant sources, some of which have anti-cancer effects and some could be used as therapeutic nanodelivery vectors. Hemp plant is a natural source of cannabinoids, of which delta 9-tetrahydroxicannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) have proven anti-cancer proprieties. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that hemp EVs are enriched in cannabinoids and their application will reduce glioblastoma (GBM) tumor progression. APPROACH EVs were isolated from the hemp plant using ultracentrifugation. Nanotracking analysis, electron microscopy and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were utilized to characterize EVs. GBM cell lines were cultured in the neuropshere assay to evaluate hemp EVs anti-glioma effects. Fluorescent-labelled EVs were used to evaluate their brain tissue distribution in orthotopic patient-derived GBM xenografts. RESULTS Hemp EVs have a median diameter of 112.6nm with a typical lipid-bilayer structure. LC-MS/MS have shown that while cannabidiolic, cannabigerolic, and tetrahydroxicannabinolic acids represent 69.1 ± 2.1%, 19.1 ± 1.6%, 6.5 ± 0.54% of the total cannabinoids in hemp EVs, CBD and THC only make 4.75 ± 0.26%, and 0.5 ± 0.3%. Hemp EVs are potent anti-glioma agents with a 7-day LD-50 of 1.04µM and 2.4µM [based on EVs total cannabinoid content] for KR-158 and L0 GBM lines, respectively. Compared to the vehicle, overnight incubation of L0 cells with 1µM hemp EVs significantly reduced GBM cell migration (630.3 ± 61.43 vs 143.7 ± 8.7). Intranasal administration of hemp EVs led to a widespread distribution in tumor bearing brain including GBM tumor core. CONCLUSION Based on these results, hemp EVs with enriched cannabinoid content exert antiglioma effect in-vitro and when delivered intranasally, are widely distributed throughout the brain and within the tumor of PDX animals. Further experiments are ongoing to address the impact of nasally-delivered hemp EVs on tumor progression and compare to the application of purified acidic cannabinoids.

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