Role of Edamame (Glycine max) Seed Size in Early-Season Crop–Weed Interactions

Weed Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 746-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Crawford ◽  
Martin M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Large Seed ◽  
Weed Emergence

AbstractEdamame [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] differs from grain-type soybean in several aspects, one being that edamame seeds are 65% to 100% larger than grain-type soybean seed. Crop seed size has implications for weed management in grain-type soybean; however, the extent to which this observation holds true for edamame is unknown. Because weed interference continues to be a barrier to domestic edamame production, the objective was to quantify the effect of edamame seed size on the crop’s ability to tolerate weed interference (CT) and the crop’s ability to suppress weeds (WSA). Five edamame cultivars plus one grain-type cultivar were each sorted to create “small” and “large” seed size classes. Seed lots were included in a split–split plot design, whereby an additional experimental factor was presence or absence of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedik.). Crop and weed emergence and growth were monitored through 8 wk after emergence (WAE). Crop plants from large seed had higher tolerance toA. theophrastithan plants from small seed, as evidenced by crop height, area, and biomass. Edamame seed size had little effect on WSA; however, crop cultivars differentially reducedA. theophrastileaf area and biomass at 4 and 8 WAE. While both seed size and edamame cultivar influence early-season crop competitive ability, the magnitude of these factors on CT and WSA underscores the importance of considering them not as stand-alone tactics but rather as useful additions to a more comprehensive integrated weed management system.

Effects of Insecticide, Weed-Free Period, and Row Spacing on Soybean (Glycine max) and Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) Growth

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 702-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Walker ◽  
Michael G. Patterson ◽  
Ellis Hauser ◽  
David J. Isenhour ◽  
James W. Todd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia ◽  
Insecticide Treatment ◽  
Weed Interference

Results from identical experiments conducted at Headland, AL, and Plains, GA, from 1980 through 1982 show insecticide treatment had little effect on soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Coker 237′] growth and morphology. Maximum insecticide applications increased soybean seed weight in two of five trials. Soybeans maintained free of sicklepod (Cassia obtusifoliaL. ♯3CASOB) for 4 weeks after emergence produced yields equal to those receiving season-long control in all trials, and 2-week control was equal to season-long maintenance in three trials. Length of weed interference-free maintenance did not affect soybean height. The number of pods per plant and seed weight were decreased when there was no control. Sicklepod shoot fresh weight and numbers decreased as the weed-free period increased from 0 weeks through the season. Row spacing had no effect on soybean height or seed size; however, the number of pods per plant was higher in 80- than in 40-cm rows. Row spacing influenced yield in only one trial where 20-cm rows outyielded 40-cm rows. A significant interaction occurred between the weed-free period and row spacing in two trials. Soybeans in 20-cm rows outyielded those in 40- and 80-cm rows when sicklepod was not controlled (i.e., 0 weeks interference-free maintenance).

Influence of Soybean Seed Size on Response to Atrazine

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert N. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Large Seed ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Initial Selection

In the greenhouse, we examined approximately 2,700 strains of soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] for response to 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (atrazine), a herbicide which inhibits photosynthesis. Duration of survival when grown in soil containing 0.84 kg/ha was the initial selection criterion. Strains thus selected as most tolerant and most susceptible were grown then for 3 to 3 ½ weeks in soil containing 0.45 kg/ha of atrazine. The dry weight of shoots expressed as a percentage of each strain's own untreated check was used to measure the strains' tolerance of atrazine. Tolerance, thus measured, generally increased as seed size increased. Regression analysis indicated that 80% of the variation in response was attributable to variation in seed size. We suggest the possibility of minimizing soybean injury from atrazine (and perhaps other herbicides) by planting large seed.

Integrated Weed Management: The Rationale and Approach

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarence J. Swanton ◽  
Stephan F. Weise
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Seed Bank Dynamics ◽  
The Government

A growing awareness of environmental issues in Canada has had a major influence on government policies. An initiative was launched by the government of Ontario to promote research toward the development of an integrated weed management (IWM) system. Research in IWM must take all aspects of the cropping system into consideration and evolve in a progressive manner. This approach must encompass the role of conservation tillage, knowledge of the critical period of weed interference, alternative methods of weed control, enhancement of crop competitiveness, modeling of crop-weed interference, influence of crop rotation and seed bank dynamics, and education and extension of the findings. The complexity involved in addressing these issues requires a multi-disciplinary approach.

scholarly journals PERUBAHAN BENTUK DAN UKURAN BENIH DUA KULTIVAR KEDELAI (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) DI JATINANGOR DAN CIKAJANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Siti Rodiah ◽  
Zulfatunnisa Zulfatunnisa ◽  
Sumadi Sumadi ◽  
Anne Nuraini ◽  
Meddy Rachmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Improved Cultivars ◽  
Size Heterogeneity

The variation of the seed size in each species and individuals might be from of difference species adaptation for  a difference environment. This difference may also arise from the constraints of limited formation of seed size. The use of adaptive ciltivars on the growth environment is very influential on the succes in the farm field. This research was aimed to find the adaptation of phase and size seed of two cultivars of soybeans in Jatinangor and Cikajang. This research was held in Jatinangor (Sumedang regency) and Cikajang (Garut regency) from April to July 2016. The design that used in this research was Randomized Block Design (RBD) and Duncan at 5% rate. Improved cultivars that tested in this research were placed at Grobogan and Anjasmoro which were repeated 5 times. The results of experiment showed that adaptation of size seed showed of 100 grains and large seeds. The low temperature condition can increase of variability of seed size. Heterogeneity of environment can not sustain the size of soybean seed. Genetic and environment factors influence significantly for weight of 100 grains and seed size Grobogan in Jatinangor. The weight of 100 grains Grobogan in Jatinangor and Cikajang haved a greater than Anjasmoro. Environmental factors influence yield of soybean, weight of 100 grains of cultivars in Cikajang haved a greater than Jatinangor caused by the seed size.

scholarly journals Key Aspects on the Biology, Ecology and Impacts of Johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers] and the Role of Glyphosate and Non-Chemical Alternative Practices for the Management of This Weed in Europe

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travlos ◽  
Montull ◽  
Kukorelli ◽  
Malidza ◽  
Dogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Alternative Practices

Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers is a common and noxious worldwide weed of increasing distribution in many European countries. In the present review, information on the biology, ecology, agricultural, economic and environmental impact of johnsongrass is given, and the current status of this weed in Europe is discussed. Furthermore, special attention is given to the important role of field trials using glyphosate to control weeds in arable and perennial crops in many European countries. Some of the factors which affect control efficacy and should be taken into account are also discussed. Finally, several non-chemical alternative methods (cultural, mechanical, thermal, biological, etc.) for johnsongrass management are also presented. The adoption of integrated weed management (IWM) techniques such as glyphosate use, crop rotation, and deep tillage is strongly recommended to control plant species that originate from both seed and rhizomes.

scholarly journals Interference Periods in Soybean Crop as Affected by Emergence Times of Weeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.R. ZANDONÁ ◽  
D. AGOSTINETTO ◽  
B.M. SILVA ◽  
Q. RUCHEL ◽  
D.S. FRAGA
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Intermediate Time ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Weed Emergence

ABSTRACT: Weeds emergence times modify competition with crops. Thus, the hypothesis was that the increase in weed emergence flow decreases the period prior to interference (PPI) in soybeans and increases the critical period of interference prevention (CPIP). The objective was to determine the PPI and the CPIP of weeds in soybean crops as affected by the preferred time of weeds emergence flow. Three experiments were conducted in the field in a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments were arranged in a factorial design with factor A consisting of coexistence or weed control in soybeans and factor B for eight periods (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 135 days after crop emergence (DAE)). The numbers of emerged plants and weed dry mass by genus and crop productivity were evaluated. The weed interference in culture during all the crop cycle reduces the soybean average yield 73, 94 and 89% in the first, second and third sowing times, respectively. Chemical control may be adopted at the end of PPI, which must be done at 14, 15 and 5 DAE crop, for the first, second, third times, respectively. The sowing in advance and intermediate time of recommendation increase the PPI in about 10 days, favoring the weed management in soybean crops.

Seeding rate and row spacing affect flax yields and weed interference

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Stevenson ◽  
A. T. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
The Other ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Flax Seed ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Interference Study

Seeding rate and row spacing are management practices that affect flax seed yield. Two experiments were conducted from 1988 to 1990 to determine the influence of flax seeding rates (300, 600, and 900 seeds m−2) and row spacings (9, 18, and 27 cm). One was a flax-weed interference study (three sites) and the other was a weed-free study (13 sites). In the presence of weeds, increasing seeding rate from 300 to 900 seeds m−2 improved flax seed yield by 180 kg ha−1, and reduced broadleaf weed yields by 300 kg ha−1 and grassy weed yields by 180 kg ha−1. In weed-free conditions, seed yield was not affected by seeding rate. Row spacing did not affect flax yield and had minor effects on weed yields when weeds were not controlled. When weeds were controlled, seed yield in the 9-cm row spacing was 9% (15% in the flax-weed interference study) greater than in the two wider row spacings. Seeding rate and row spacing independently influenced flax yield, and their effect was consistent among sites with weeds present, but was not consistent when weeds were controlled. Our results showed that flax seeding rate was an important component of integrated weed management. Key words: Flax, seeding rate, row spacing, weed interference

scholarly journals Response of Barley Genotypes to Weed Interference in Australia

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulshan Mahajan ◽  
Lee Hickey ◽  
Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Weed-competitive genotypes could be an important tool in integrated weed management (IWM) practices. However, weed competitiveness is often not considered a priority for breeding high-yielding cultivars. Weed-competitive ability is often evaluated based on weed-suppressive ability (WSA) and weed-tolerance ability (WTA) parameters; however, there is little information on these aspects for barley genotypes in Australia. In this study, the effects of weed interference on eight barley genotypes were assessed. Two years of field experiments were performed in a split-plot design with three replications. Yield loss due to weed interference ranged from 43% to 78%. The weed yield amongst genotypes varied from 0.5 to 1.7 Mg ha−1. Relative yield loss due to weed interference was negatively correlated with WTA and WSA. A negative correlation was also found between WSA and weed seed production (r = −0.72). Similarly, a negative correlation was found between WTA and barley yield in the weedy environment (r = −0.91). The results suggest that a high tillering ability and plant height are desirable attributes for weed competitiveness in the barley genotypes. These results also demonstrated that among the eight barley genotypes, Commander exhibited superior WSA and WTA parameters and therefore, could be used in both low- and high-production systems for weed management. Westminster had a superior WSA parameter. Therefore, it could be used for weed management in organic production systems. These results also implied that genotypic ranking on the basis of WSA and WTA could be used as an important tool in strengthening IWM programs for barley.

Productivity and quality of canola and mustard cultivars under weed competition

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Beckie ◽  
E. N. Johnson ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
Y. Gan
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Canola Quality ◽  
Oriental Mustard

Competitive crops or cultivars can be an important component of integrated weed management systems. A study was conducted from 2003 to 2006 at four sites across semiarid prairie ecoregions in Saskatchewan and Alberta to investigate the productivity and quality of canola (Brassica napusL.) and mustard cultivars under weed competition. Four open-pollinated canola cultivars, four hybrid canola cultivars, two canola-quality mustard and two oriental mustard cultivars [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss.], and two yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L.) cultivars were grown under weedy and weed-free conditions. When combined across site-years, crop aboveground biomass at maturity and seed yield were reduced by weed interference, except for yellow and oriental mustard. However, seed oil and protein content of cultivars were not affected by weed competition. Among crop types, yellow and oriental mustard were best able to maintain biomass and seed yield under weed interference, followed in decreasing order of competitiveness by hybrid and open-pollinated canola, then canola-quality mustard. Key words: Brassica napus, Brassica juncea, Sinapis alba, weed competition

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