Coevolution of Two Sulfonylurea-Resistant Common Chickweed (Stellaria media) Biotypes with Different Mutations in the Acetolactate Synthase Gene

Weed Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-445
Author(s):  
Martin Laforest ◽  
Brahim Soufiane
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
New Mutation ◽  
Als Inhibitors ◽  
Tribenuron Methyl

AbstractCommon chickweed [Stellaria media(L.) Vill.] is an annual weed found in grain fields and pastures. This creeping weed produces a mat-like canopy that competes with crop seedlings for light and nutrients. This species is almost exclusively autogamous. Acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides are frequently used to control this broadleaf weed, and two mutations in theS. media ALSgene (Pro-197-Gln and Trp-574-Leu) have been reported to confer herbicide resistance. Seeds from several plants that survived an application of thifensulfuron-methyl/tribenuron-methyl (16 g ai ha−1) were collected from the same field in Québec, Canada. Seedlings were grown, tested for the presence of mutations in theALSgene, and treated with different rates of foramsulfuron, flumetsulam, and imazethapyr, each belonging to different families of ALS inhibitors. Two herbicide resistance–conferring mutations were identified in this population. One biotype had the previously reported Pro-197-Gln, while a new mutation, Pro-197-Ser, was identified in different plants from the same population. The new mutation (Pro-197-Ser) confers a lower level of resistance to sulfonylureas than Pro-197-Gln, and both biotypes are susceptible to imizadolinone and triazolopyrimidines.

Effectiveness of Herbicides for Control of Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa) in Winter Wheat

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Curran ◽  
John M. Wallace ◽  
Steven Mirsky ◽  
Benjamin Crockett
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Synthetic Auxins ◽  
Als Inhibitors ◽  
Tribenuron Methyl

A field experiment was conducted in 2009–2010 at Pennsylvania and Maryland locations, and repeated it in 2010–2011 to test the effectiveness of POST-applied herbicides at fall and spring timings on seeded hairy vetch in winter wheat. A total of 16 herbicide treatment combinations was tested that included synthetic auxins, acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, and a protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor. Spring applications tended to be more effective than fall applications. Among synthetic auxins, clopyralid (105 g ae ha−1) and treatments containing dicamba (140 g ae ha−1) were effective at both timings, resulting in greater than 90% hairy vetch control at wheat harvest. Pyroxsulam and prosulfuron applied at 18 g ai ha−1 provided the most effective hairy vetch control (> 90%) at both application timings among ALS inhibitors. Spring applications of several herbicides provided moderate (> 80%) to high (> 90%) levels of hairy vetch control, including: 2,4-D amine (140 g ae ha−1), mesosulfuron-methyl (15 g ai ha−1), tribenuron-methyl (13 g ai ha−1), and thifensulfuron/tribenuron-methyl treatments (16 and 32 g ai ha−1). Winter wheat injury was evaluated, but symptoms were negligible for most treatments. Winter wheat yields declined with increasing hairy vetch biomass. Fall herbicides may be prioritized to reduce hairy vetch competition during the fall and early spring growing season. Our research has established that several synthetic auxin and ALS-inhibiting herbicides, applied POST in fall or spring, can be safely used in winter wheat to control hairy vetch in an integrated weed management program.

scholarly journals Resistance to post-emergent herbicides is becoming common for grass weeds on New Zealand wheat and barley farms

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258685
Author(s):  
Christopher E. Buddenhagen ◽  
Trevor K. James ◽  
Zachary Ngow ◽  
Deborah L. Hackell ◽  
M. Phil Rolston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
The North ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Als Inhibitors ◽  
Als Inhibitor ◽  
North And South

To estimate the prevalence of herbicide-resistant weeds, 87 wheat and barley farms were randomly surveyed in the Canterbury region of New Zealand. Over 600 weed seed samples from up to 10 mother plants per taxon depending on abundance, were collected immediately prior to harvest (two fields per farm). Some samples provided by agronomists were tested on an ad-hoc basis. Over 40,000 seedlings were grown to the 2–4 leaf stage in glasshouse conditions and sprayed with high priority herbicides for grasses from the three modes-of-action acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibitors haloxyfop, fenoxaprop, clodinafop, pinoxaden, clethodim, acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibitors iodosulfuron, pyroxsulam, nicosulfuron, and the 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS)-inhibitor glyphosate. The highest manufacturer recommended label rates were applied for the products registered for use in New Zealand, often higher than the discriminatory rates used in studies elsewhere. Published studies of resistance were rare in New Zealand but we found weeds survived herbicide applications on 42 of the 87 (48%) randomly surveyed farms, while susceptible reference populations died. Resistance was found for ALS-inhibitors on 35 farms (40%) and to ACCase-inhibitors on 20 (23%) farms. The number of farms with resistant weeds (denominator is 87 farms) are reported for ACCase-inhibitors, ALS-inhibitors, and glyphosate respectively as: Avena fatua (9%, 1%, 0% of farms), Bromus catharticus (0%, 2%, 0%), Lolium spp. (17%, 28%, 0%), Phalaris minor (1%, 6%, 0%), and Vulpia bromoides (0%, not tested, 0%). Not all farms had the weeds present, five had no obvious weeds prior to harvest. This survey revealed New Zealand’s first documented cases of resistance in P. minor (fenoxaprop, clodinafop, iodosulfuron) and B. catharticus (pyroxsulam). Twelve of the 87 randomly sampled farms (14%) had ALS-inhibitor chlorsulfuron-resistant sow thistles, mostly Sonchus asper but also S. oleraceus. Resistance was confirmed in industry-supplied samples of the grasses Digitaria sanguinalis (nicosulfuron, two maize farms), P. minor (iodosulfuron, one farm), and Lolium spp. (cases included glyphosate, haloxyfop, pinoxaden, iodosulfuron, and pyroxsulam, 9 farms). Industry also supplied Stellaria media samples that were resistant to chlorsulfuron and flumetsulam (ALS-inhibitors) sourced from clover and ryegrass fields from the North and South Island.

Multiple herbicide resistance in California Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum): characterization of ALS-inhibiting herbicide resistance

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parsa Tehranchian ◽  
Vijay K. Nandula ◽  
Maor Matzrafi ◽  
Marie Jasieniuk
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Als Inhibitors ◽  
Inhibitor Resistance ◽  
Als Inhibitor

AbstractMultiple resistance to glyphosate, sethoxydim, and paraquat was previously confirmed in two Italian ryegrass [Lolium perenne L. ssp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot] populations, MR1 and MR2, in northern California. Preliminary greenhouse studies revealed that both populations were also resistant to imazamox and mesosulfuron, both of which are acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides. In this study, three subpopulations, MR1-A (from seed of MR1 plants that survived a 16X rate of sethoxydim), MR1-P (from seed of MR1 plants that survived a 2X rate of paraquat), and MR2 (from seed of MR2 plants that survived a 16X rate of sethoxydim), were investigated to determine the resistance level to imazamox and mesosulfuron, evaluate other herbicide options for the control of these multiple resistant L. perenne ssp. multiflorum, and characterize the underlying ALS-inhibitor resistance mechanism(s). Based on LD50 values, the MR1-A, MR1-P, and MR2 subpopulations were 38-, 29-, 8-fold and 36-, 64-, and 3-fold less sensitive to imazamox and mesosulfuron, respectively, relative to the susceptible (Sus) population. Only MR1-P and MR2 plants were cross-resistant to rimsulfuron, whereas both MR1 subpopulations were cross-resistant to imazethapyr. Pinoxaden (ACCase inhibitor [phenylpyrazoline 'DEN']) only controlled MR2 and Sus plants at the labeled field rate. However, all plants were effectively controlled (>99%) with the labeled field rate of glufosinate. Based on I50 values, MR1-A, MR-P, and MR2 plants were 712-, 1,104-, and 3-fold and 10-, 18-, and 5-fold less responsive to mesosulfuron and imazamox, respectively, than the Sus plants. Sequence alignment of the ALS gene of resistant plants revealed a missense single-nucleotide polymorphism resulting in a Trp-574-Leu substitution in MR1-A and MR1-P plants, heterozygous in both, but not in the MR2 plants. An additional homozygous substitution, Asp-376-Glu, was identified in the MR1-A plants. Addition of malathion or piperonyl butoxide did not alter the efficacy of mesosulfuron on MR2 plants. In addition, the presence of 2,4-D had no effect on the response of mesosulfuron on the MR2 and Sus. These results suggest an altered target site is the mechanism of resistance to ALS inhibitors in MR1-A and MR1-P plants, whereas a non–target site based resistance apparatus is present in the MR2 plants.

scholarly journals Multiple-and Cross-Resistance of Amaranthus retroflexus to Acetolactate Synthase (ALS) and Photosystem II (PSII) Inhibiting Herbicides in Preemergence

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. FRANCISCHINI ◽  
J. CONSTANTIN ◽  
R.S. OLIVEIRA JR ◽  
H.K. TAKANO ◽  
R.R. MENDES
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Als Inhibitors

ABSTRACT: Herbicide resistance in Amaranthus genus occurs frequently around the word and has become a big problem in cotton producing areas. The objective of this work was to evaluate cross-and multiple-resistance of redroot pigweed (A. retroflexus) to herbicides used in preemergence in cotton fields in Brazil. Seven dose-response experiments were conducted with herbicides atrazine, prometryn, diuron, S-metolachlor, trifluralin, trifloxysulfuron-sodium and pyrithiobac-sodium, and the treatments consisted of application rates of 0, ¼, ½, 1, 2 and 4 times the recommended label rate. Eight A. retroflexus byotipes with suspect of resistance were sampled for experiments in three brazilian states of cotton producing. Resistance to prometryn was confirmed for one biotype in Goiás (GO), and one biotype from Mato Grosso (MT) showed cross-resistance to atrazine and prometryn. One byotipe from GO was identified with cross-resistance to trifloxysulfuron-sodium and pyrithiobac-sodium. One of the GO samples was identified with multiple resistance to prometryn and ALS inhibitors, another one to atrazine and ALS inhibitors, while MT byotipe was confirmed with multiple resistance to triazines and pyrithiobac. The herbicides S-metolachlor, diuron, and trifluralin were efficient for control of this species, therefore, they can be used as managment alternative in those regions.

Resistance to acetolactate synthase inhibitors and quinclorac in a biotype of false cleavers (Galium spurium)

Weed Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda M. Hall ◽  
Kim M. Stromme ◽  
Geoff P. Horsman ◽  
Malcolm D. Devine
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Mechanism Of Resistance ◽  
Als Inhibitors ◽  
High Level ◽  
Galium Spurium ◽  
Moderately Resistant

A false cleavers population that survived treatment with triasulfuron/bromoxynil in 1996 was identified in central Alberta, Canada, in a field that had been treated with acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors in 3 of the previous 6 yr. In greenhouse studies, this biotype was highly resistant to the ALS inhibitors triasulfuron, thifensulfuron/tribenuron, and sulfometuron and moderately resistant to imazethapyr; GR50, values were > 16, > 5, > 1.0, and 9.9, respectively. In addition, cross-resistance was identified to the auxin-type herbicide quinclorac (GR50 value > 6.7) but not to fluroxypyr (GR50 value 1) or MCPA/mecoprop/dicamba. Quinclorac had not been used previously in this field. Analysis of ALS extracted from the resistant biotype and a susceptible biotype from a nearby location indicated that resistance to ALS inhibitors was due to an altered target site with reduced sensitivity to a broad range of ALS inhibitors. The ALS I50 values for triasulfuron, metsulfuron, chlorsulfuron, thifensulfuron, and imazethapyr were 36, 34, 92, 96, and 14 times higher, respectively, for the resistant compared to the susceptible biotype. The mechanism of resistance to quinclorac is unknown. This is the first report of high-level herbicide resistance in this weed species.

scholarly journals Survey of herbicide-resistant wild oat (Avena fatua) in two townships in Saskatchewan

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Beckie ◽  
A. G. Thomas ◽  
F. C. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Als Inhibitors ◽  
Group Resistance ◽  
Group 1

The nature and occurrence of herbicide resistance in wild oat in annual crops grown in the Grassland and Parkland regions of Saskatchewan were determined in a systematic survey of fields in two townships in 1997. The survey found that over one-half of fields in both townships had populations resistant to Group 1 [acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors], Group 2 [acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors], and/or Group 8 (e.g., triallate, difenzoquat) herbicides. Forty-three percent of fields in the Grassland township and 48% of fields in the Parkland township had Group 1-resistant (HR) wild oat; 30 and 17% of fields in the Grassland and Parkland township, respectively, had populations exhibiting Group 2 resistance, whereas about 15% of fields in both townships had Group 8-HR wild oat. Single- (Groups 1, 2, or 8) and multiple-group resistance (1, 2; 1, 8; 2, 8; 1, 2, 8) were exhibited in populations in fields in both townships. Frequency of occurrence of resistance was not generally affected by farm size. The nature of resistance in wild oat populations is more diverse, differences in distribution and abundance of HR wild oat biotypes between Grassland and Parkland regions are generally less apparent, and occurrence of resistance is more prevalent than documented previously. Key words: Avena fatua, herbicide resistance, survey

scholarly journals Herbicide Resistance of Centaurea cyanus L. in Poland in the Context of Its Management

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1954
Author(s):  
Marta Stankiewicz-Kosyl ◽  
Małgorzata Haliniarz ◽  
Mariola Wrochna ◽  
Agnieszka Synowiec ◽  
Anna Wenda-Piesik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Synthetic Auxins ◽  
Northern Poland ◽  
Centaurea Cyanus ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Biological Tests ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Als Inhibitors

Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus L.), one of the main weeds found among winter crops in Poland, has developed herbicide resistance (HR) to acetolactate synthase (ALS) herbicides, a finding first reported in 2006, and in recent years, farmers have been complaining about inadequate chemical control of this weed. This study aimed to characterise the current state of cornflower HR to ALS inhibitors and synthetic auxins in Poland and the agricultural practices in fields with herbicide-resistant populations. From 2017 to 2020, 159 seed samples together with the field history were collected across the country and biological tests performed in glasshouses. This revealed that 47 populations of C. cyanus were cross-resistant to both tribenuron and florasulam, 28 and 8 populations were single resistant to tribenuron and florasulam, respectively, and 3 populations had developed multiple resistance to both ALS inhibitors and synthetic auxins, i.e., 2,4-D and dicamba. Resistant populations were found mostly frequent in northern Poland, but also in the eastern and western parts of the country. Based on a survey of farmers, the resistant populations were found in winter crops regardless of the tillage system (77% of fields with HR cornflower were mouldboard ploughed). Based on the proposed population treatment (PT) index showing the frequency of herbicide use during three consecutive seasons on farms with HR cornflower, the average PT for all the surveyed farms was 5.4. The highest PT of 7.4 was found in the province of Warmia-Masuria in northern Poland.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability of Acetolactate Synthase (ALS) Sequence in Centaurea cyanus Plants Resistant and Susceptible to Tribenuron-Methyl

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2311
Author(s):  
Barbara Wrzesińska ◽  
Tadeusz Praczyk
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Sequence Variability ◽  
Centaurea Cyanus ◽  
Tribenuron Methyl

Centaurea cyanus, belonging to the Asteraceae family, is an arable weed species encountered mainly in fields with cereals, sugar beet, and maize. The high genetic variability of C. cyanus has been recently reported; however, little is known about its sequence variability in the context of its herbicide resistance. C. cyanus resistance was found mainly against acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, but no ALS sequence information concerning the herbicide resistance mechanism has been published yet. The aim of this study was to determine the ALS sequences for biotypes susceptible and resistant to tribenuron-methyl in order to identify mutations that may be associated with the resistance emergence. DNA isolation from susceptible and resistant plants was followed by PCR amplification and ALS sequencing. As a result, different lengths of DNA products were obtained. Moreover, both nucleotide and amino acid sequence analysis revealed high sequence variability within one plant as well as between plants from the same biotype. In a few resistant plants, four changes in the amino acid sequence were identified in comparison to those in the susceptible ones. However, these preliminary studies require further investigation toward confirming the significance of these mutations in herbicide resistance development. This study provides preliminary information contributing to the research on the C. cyanus target-site resistance mechanism.

Smallseed Falseflax (Camelina microcarpa) Management in Oklahoma Winter Wheat

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jodie A. Crose ◽  
Misha R. Manuchehri ◽  
Todd A. Baughman
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Adequate Control ◽  
Growing Seasons

Abstract Three herbicide premixes have recently been introduced for weed control in wheat. These include: halauxifen + florasulam, thifensulfuron + fluroxypyr, and bromoxynil + bicyclopyrone. The objective of this study was to evaluate these herbicides along with older products for their control of smallseed falseflax in winter wheat in Oklahoma. Studies took place during the 2017, 2018, and 2020 winter wheat growing seasons. Weed control was visually estimated every two weeks throughout the growing season and wheat yield was collected in all three years. Smallseed falseflax size was approximately six cm in diameter at time of application in all years. Control ranged from 96 to 99% following all treatments with the exception of bicyclopyrone + bromoxynil and dicamba alone, which controlled falseflax 90%. All treatments containing an acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide achieved adequate control; therefore, resistance is not suspected in this population. Halauxifen + florasulam and thifensulfuron + fluroxypyr effectively controlled smallseed falseflax similarly to other standards recommended for broadleaf weed control in wheat in Oklahoma. Rotational use of these products allows producers flexibility in controlling smallseed falseflax and reduces the potential for development of herbicide resistance in this species.

Investigating the resistance levels and mechanisms to penoxsulam and cyhalofop-butyl in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) from Ningxia province, China

Weed Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Qian Yang ◽  
Xia Yang ◽  
Zichang Zhang ◽  
Jieping Wang ◽  
Weiguo Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Susceptible Populations ◽  
High Level ◽  
Als Inhibitor ◽  
Encoding Genes

Abstract Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) is a noxious grass weed which infests rice fields and causes huge crop yield losses. In this study, we collected twelve E. crus-galli populations from rice fields of Ningxia province in China and investigated the resistance levels to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor penoxsulam and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor cyhalofop-butyl. The results showed that eight populations exhibited resistance to penoxsulam and four populations evolved resistance to cyhalofop-butyl. Moreover, all of the four cyhalofop-butyl-resistant populations (NX3, NX4, NX6 and NX7) displayed multiple-herbicide-resistance (MHR) to both penoxsulam and cyhalofop-butyl. The alternative herbicides bispyribac-sodium, metamifop and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl cannot effectively control the MHR plants. To characterize the molecular mechanisms of resistance, we amplified and sequenced the target-site encoding genes in resistant and susceptible populations. Partial sequences of three ALS genes and six ACCase genes were examined. A Trp-574-Leu mutation was detected in EcALS1 and EcALS3 in two high-level (65.84- and 59.30-fold) penoxsulam-resistant populations NX2 and NX10, respectively. In addition, one copy (EcACC4) of ACCase genes encodes a truncated aberrant protein due to a frameshift mutation in E. crus-galli populations. None of amino acid substitutions that are known to confer herbicide resistance were detected in ALS and ACCase genes of MHR populations. Our study reveals the widespread of multiple-herbicide resistant E. crus-galli populations at Ningxia province of China that exhibit resistance to several ALS and ACCase inhibitors. Non-target-site based mechanisms are likely to be involved in E. crus-galli resistance to the herbicides, at least in four MHR populations.

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