Reduced Translocation Is Associated with Antagonism of Glyphosate by Glufosinate in Giant Foxtail (Setaria faberi) and Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Weed Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry E. Besançon ◽  
Donald Penner ◽  
Wesley J. Everman
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Response ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Grass Weed

Previous reports have underscored antagonism that may result from mixing glyphosate and glufosinate across a wide range of application rates and for various broadleaf and grass weed species, but no investigation has been conducted to characterize glyphosate absorption and translocation when combined with glufosinate. The objectives of this study were to evaluate herbicide efficacy and assess herbicide interaction and physiological response with combinations of glyphosate and glufosinate on common lambsquarters, velvetleaf, and giant foxtail. Greenhouse studies to determine interaction resulted in strong and persistent antagonism between glyphosate at 110 and 220 g ae ha−1and glufosinate at 20 or 40 g ae ha−1in giant foxtail, whereas only transient and reduced antagonism was noted for velvetleaf and common lambsquarters. Combining glyphosate and glufosinate increased the maximum absorption of glyphosate by 9% and 23% in velvetleaf and giant foxtail, respectively, compared with glyphosate alone. In velvetleaf, averaged over time, only 2.6% of the applied radioactivity translocated out of the treated leaf when glufosinate was mixed with glyphosate compared with 9.9% when glyphosate was applied alone. In giant foxtail, 21.6% of the [14C]glyphosate translocated out of the treated leaf when glufosinate was mixed with glyphosate compared with 52.4% when glyphosate was applied alone. Conversely, no change in the radioactive pattern of translocation was noted for common lambsquarters. These results suggest that reduced translocation of glyphosate is the physiological mechanism responsible for the antagonism observed between glyphosate and glufosinate in giant foxtail and, to a lesser extent, in velvetleaf.

The Effect of Piperonyl Butoxide and Adjuvants on Sulfonylurea Herbicide Activity

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chae Soon Kwon ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Mixed Function Oxidase ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicide ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Activity ◽  
Grass Weed

Greenhouse studies showed that the mixed function oxidase inhibitor, piperonyl butoxide (PBO), tank-mixed with the sulfonylurea herbicides, nicosulfuron, primisulfuron, and thifensulfuron, in the absence of effective adjuvants enhanced herbicide activity on both broadleaf and grass weed species. Effective adjuvants for nicosulfuron were K-3000 for common lambsquarters, Sylgard® 309 Surfactant for velvetleaf, K-2000 for barnyardgrass, and K-2000, K-3000, and Scoil® methylated seed oil for giant foxtail control. K-3000 and Sylgard 309 enhanced velvetleaf control with primisulfuron and thifensulfuron. The 28% urea and ammonium nitrate (UAN) was more effective as an adjuvant with thifensulfuron for velvetleaf than for common lambsquarters control. The enhancement of sulfonylurea herbicide activity with PBO was most apparent when other adjuvants were least effective.

Response of Weed Seeds to Ethylene and Related Hydrocarbons

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Taylorson
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gases ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Common Purslane

AbstractGermination of seeds of 10 grass and 33 broadleaved weed species was examined for response to ethylene. Germination was promoted in nine species, inhibited in two, and not affected in the remainder. Of the species promoted, common purslane (Portulaca oleraceaL.), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.), and several Amaranths, including redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.), were affected most. Transformation of phytochrome to the active form (Pfr) gave interactions that ranged from none to syntergistic with the applied ethylene. In subsequent tests seeds of purslane, redroot pigweed, and giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm.), a species not responsive to ethylene, were examined for germination response to 14 low molecular weight hydrocarbon gases other than ethylene. Some stimulation by the olefins propylene and propadiene was found for purslane and pigweed. Propionaldehyde and butyraldehyde were slightly stimulatory to purslane only.

Response of Seven Weed Species to Corn Gluten Meal and White Mustard (Sinapis alba) Seed Meal Rates

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialin Yu ◽  
Don W. Morishita
Keyword(s):  
White Mustard ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Corn Gluten Meal ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Corn Gluten ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Grass Weed ◽  
Amended Soil

Corn gluten meal (CGM) and white mustard seed meal (MSM) can release biologically active allelochemicals and have been demonstrated to be useful as PRE alternative weed control products. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of CGM and MSM on the emergence and aboveground dry weight of five broadleaf and two grass weed species. Greenhouse experiments were conducted using 26 by 53 cm plastic trays filled with a mix of field soil and potting soil (4 : 1 by wt). CGM and MSM were mixed with 1.5 kg of soil mix and applied at rates equivalent to 2,240, 4,480, and 6,720 kg ha−1. Overall, MSM was more effective than CGM for controlling weeds. Averaged over application rates and compared to the nontreated control, emergence rates were 17, 27, and 34% for kochia, common lambsquarters, and barnyardgrass, respectively, in CGM-amended soil, and 14, 13, and 6% for kochia, common lambsquarters, and barnyardgrass, respectively, in MSM-amended soil. Averaged over application rates, green foxtail and common lambsquarters aboveground dry biomass were 40 and 25% of the nontreated control, respectively, in CGM-amended soil. Green foxtail and common lambsquarters shoot biomass in MSM-amended soil was 13 and 5% of the nontreated control, respectively. Significant interactions were observed for meal by rate on redroot pigweed seedling emergence and redroot pigweed, barnyardgrass (Moscow), and annual sowthistle (Moscow) aboveground dry biomass. These interactions can be attributed to the fact that herbicidal effects were less evident in response to higher application rates using MSM compared to higher CGM application rates. Overall, this greenhouse study indicates MSM is more effective than or at least equal to CGM for broadleaf and grass weed control at the same application rate.

Absorption and translocation of glufosinate on four weed species

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Steckel ◽  
Stephen E. Hart ◽  
Loyd M. Wax
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Phloem Mobility

Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate foliar absorption, translocation, and efficacy of glufosinate on four weed species. The rate of glufosinate required to reduce shoot dry weight by 50% (GR50) varied between weed species. GR50values for giant foxtail, barnyardgrass, velvetleaf, and common lambsquarters were 69, 186, 199, and 235 g ai ha−1, respectively. Absorption of14C-glufosinate increased with time and reached a plateau 24 hours after treatment (HAT). Absorption of14C-glufosinate was 67, 53, 42, and 16% for giant foxtail, barnyardgrass, velvetleaf, and common lambsquarters, respectively. Translocation of absorbed14C-glufosinate from the treated leaf was greatest for giant foxtail and barnyardgrass (15 and 14% 24 HAT of absorbed14C-glufosinate, respectively). This compared to 5 and < 1% for translocation of absorbed14C-glufosinate from the treated leaves of velvetleaf and common lambsquarters. The majority of14C-glufosinate translocated by giant foxtail and barnyardgrass was found below the treated leaf and in the roots, indicating phloem mobility of the herbicide. Differential absorption and translocation of14C-glufosinate may be contributing factors to the differential sensitivity observed between weed species.

Response of Annual Weed Species to Glufosinate and Glyphosate

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 542-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent E. Tharp ◽  
Oliver Schabenberger ◽  
James J. Kells
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Annual Weeds ◽  
Large Crabgrass

The recent introduction of glufosinate-resistant and glyphosate-resistant crops provides growers with new options for weed management. Information is needed to compare the effectiveness of glufosinate and glyphosate on annual weeds. Greenhouse trials were conducted to determine the response of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum), giant foxtail (Setaria faberi), large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) to glufosinate and glyphosate. The response of velvetleaf and common lambsquarters was investigated at multiple stages of growth. Glufosinate and glyphosate were applied to each weed species at logarithmically incremented rates. The glufosinate and glyphosate rates that provided a 50% reduction in aboveground weed biomass, commonly referred to as GR50values, were compared using nonlinear regression techniques. Barnyardgrass, common ragweed, fall panicum, giant foxtail, and large crabgrass responded similarly to glufosinate and glyphosate. Common lambsquarters 4 to 8 cm in height was more sensitive to glufosinate than glyphosate. In contrast, 15- to 20-cm tall-velvetleaf was more sensitive to glyphosate than glufosinate.

Effects of Wetting Agent, Stage of Growth, and Species on the Selectivity of Diclofop

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Schreiber ◽  
G. F. Warren ◽  
P. L. Orwick
Keyword(s):  
No Value ◽  
Wetting Agent ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Grass Weed

A 2-yr field study was conducted to determine whether the addition of wetting agents to diclofop {2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenoxy] propanoic acid} could enhance its postemergence control of grass weeds without altering its crop tolerance. In each year, 12 species were treated at two stages of growth with at least two concentrations of diclofop. Regardless of the treatment, selectivity was not altered on wheat (Triticum aestivumL.), soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.], cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.), or sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench]. The addition of wetting agent to diclofop was of no value on highly susceptible grass weed species such as barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv.] or on the more resistant species such as large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop.]. Only on an intermediately susceptible species such as giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm.) could any significant differences in control be attributed to a wetting agent. The stage of growth of the grass weed species at time of treatment and the diclofop concentration were more important than the presence of a nonionic wetting agent.

Absorption and Translocation of Mefluidide by Soybean(Glycine max), Common Cocklebur(Xanthium pensylvanicum), and Giant Foxtail(Setaria faberi)

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 434-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Bloomberg ◽  
L. M. Wax
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Tissue Differences ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
High Metabolic Activity

Absorption and translocation characteristics of both root- and shoot-applied mefluidideN-[2,4-dimethyl-5-[[(trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl] amino] phenyl] acetamide were determined in soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Wells’], common cocklebur(Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.), and giant foxtail(Setaria faberiHerrm.). Absorption of14C-mefluidide was greater through the foliage than the roots of all plant species. Rate of leaf absorption and translocation of14C initially was greater in giant foxtail than in either soybean or common cocklebur, but these processes failed to increase greatly with time in giant foxtail. Absorption and translocation increased over time in soybean and common cocklebur. Soybean absorbed slightly greater quantities of14C-mefluidide than common cocklebur, but by 8 days after labeling, common cocklebur translocated approximately 47% more radio-label out of the treated leaf than soybean. The foliar-applied14C-label appeared to move in the phloem along with the assimilate stream in all species, mainly to areas of high metabolic activity.14C was associated with the root systems and/or nutrient solutions of soybean and giant foxtail, but not of common cocklebur. Exuded material chromatographed as mefluidide. Movement of14C-label in all root-treated plants appeared to be confined within the xylem with older tissue containing greater amounts of14C than the younger tissue. Differences in selectivity between crop and weed species may be partially due to differential mefluidide absorption, translocation, and subsequent concentration in certain plant tissues.

Factors Influencing Fluorochloridone Activity in No-Till Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Buhler
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Corn Seedling ◽  
Carry Over

Application time did not greatly influence control of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedik. # ABUTH) or common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL. # CHEAL) in no-till corn (Zea maysL. ‘Pioneer 3747’) with fluorochloridone {3-chloro-4-(chloromethyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]-2-pyrrolidinone}. Giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm. # SETFA) control was reduced as much as 25% by 90 days after planting when fluorochloridone was applied early preplant rather than preemergence. Fluorochloridone at 0.8 kg/ha applied preplant or preemergence gave 83% or greater control of common lambsquarters and giant foxtail for the entire growing season. However, velvetleaf control with the same treatments was 61% or less. Fluorochloridone caused minimal corn injury. Greenhouse bioassay indicated that fluorochloridone may carry over and injure soybean[Glycine max(L.) Merr.] the year after application. Imbibition of fluorochloridone by seed of corn and giant foxtail did not reduce germination at concentrations up to 10-3M. Giant foxtail seedling fresh weight was reduced 80% following imbibition of 10-5M fluorochloridone. Corn seedling fresh weight was not reduced by imbibition of up to 10-4M fluorochloridone.

Absorption, translocation, and metabolism of glufosinate in five weed species as influenced by ammonium sulfate and pelargonic acid

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 636-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy A. Pline ◽  
Jingrui Wu ◽  
Kriton K. Hatzios
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Pelargonic Acid ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Asclepias Syriaca ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Tlc Analysis

Absorption, translocation, and metabolism of14C-glufosinate were studied in three annual and two perennial weed species. Young seedlings ofSetaria faberi, Chenopodium album, Cassia obtusifolia, Solanum carolinense, andAsclepias syriacawere treated with foliar-applied14C-glufosinate, and plant tissues were harvested 12, 48, and 72 h after treatment (HAT). Absorption of14C-glufosinate was initially rapid, but increased only slightly after 12 h in all species. Glufosinate absorption was highest inS. carolinense(73% of applied radioactivity), followed byS. faberi(54%),C. obtusifolia(44%),C. album(41%), andA. syriaca(37%) 72 HAT. Translocation of radioactivity out of the treated leaf was species dependent and did not increase much with time in all weed species.S. carolinenseandS. faberitranslocated the highest amounts of absorbed radioactivity out of the treated leaf with 49 to 59% moving to the upper foliage.S. faberitranslocated the highest amount of absorbed radioactivity to the roots (12 to 14%), whileC. albumtranslocated the least (2 to 3%). TLC analysis of plant extracts showed that14C-glufosinate was not metabolized inS. faberi, C. obtusifolia, S. carolinense, andA. syriaca. A glufosinate metabolite with an Rf value matching that of methyl-phosphinico propionate was detected inC. album. Treatment with ammonium sulfate (AMS) increased glufosinate absorption inS. faberiandC. obtusifolia12 HAT, but decreased absorption inC. album. Treatment with pelargonic acid (PA) did not affect glufosinate absorption in any of the species tested. Treatment with AMS and PA did not affect glufosinate translocation in any of the five weed species. Treatment with AMS and PA did not influence the metabolism of glufosinate in any of the five weed species studied. These results show that differential absorption and translocation seem to explain the greater sensitivity of the annual and perennial weeds to glufosinate. Treatment with ammonium sulfate may increase the efficacy of glufosinate in perennial weeds.

Banded herbicide, rotary hoeing and cultivation effects on weed populations in ridge-tilled soybean

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Jurik
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Polygonum Pensylvanicum ◽  
Ridge Tillage

Can banded herbicide be eliminated in ridge-tilled soybean (Glycine max)? The effects of banded herbicide, rotary hoeing and cultivation on weed populations and soybean yield in a ridge-tillage system were tested on three farms in Iowa, USA in 1989 and 1990. In 1989, plots either had no herbicide or had herbicide banded in the row at planting in mid-May; all plots received two rotary hoeings and two cultivations. In 1990, treatments were banded herbicide with no rotary hoeing, banded herbicide with one rotary hoeing, and no herbicide with one or two rotary hoeings; all plots received two or three cultivations. In both years, over all weed species [primarily giant foxtail (Setaria faberi), Pennsylvania smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicum) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus)], seedling emergence was highest in late May and early June, with few seedlings emerging after mid-June. Weed populations were highest in May and June, after which rotary hoeing and cultivation reduced weed numbers in all plots. There were no consistent differences among treatments in weed numbers in early August for the 2 years. In both years, there was no significant difference in soybean yield among treatments. Within-farm mean yields ranged from 2.26 to 3.01 Mg ha−1among farms in 1989 and from 2.07 to 2.93 Mg ha−1among farms in 1990. Ridge-tillage without herbicide was generally equivalent to ridge-tillage with banded herbicide, with respect to total number of weeds and number of broad-leaved weeds remaining in August after tillage, and to soybean yield.

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