First Case of Multiple Resistance to Glyphosate and PPO-inhibiting Herbicides in Rigid Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in Spain

Weed Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 690-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Tomas Fernandez-Moreno ◽  
Antonia Maria Rojano-Delgado ◽  
Julio Menendez ◽  
Rafael De Prado
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Protoporphyrin Ix ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
First Case ◽  
Natural Tendency ◽  
Rigid Ryegrass

Five rigid ryegrass populations suspected of being resistant to both glyphosate and oxyfluorfen were collected in southern Spain and tested under laboratory-controlled conditions. Four populations (Depuradora, Condado, AlamoRasilla, and Portichuelo) were treated with glyphosate for at least 15 consecutive years, and treatments during the last 5 yr were mixed with oxyfluorfen. The fifth population (4alamos) followed the same glyphosate treatment, although oxyfluorfen was never used to control it. Dose–response assays confirmed glyphosate resistance in all populations, with resistance indexes ranging from 11.7 to 37.5 (GR90). Shikimate accumulation assays consistently supported these data, as the most glyphosate-resistant populations (Depuradora and Condado) displayed the lowest shikimate levels. Surprisingly, four populations (Depuradora, Condado, AlamoRasilla, and Portichuelo) displayed 7.93- to 70.18-fold more resistance (GR90) to oxyfluorfen, despite limited selection pressure, showing a similar resistance pattern as that for glyphosate. The 4alamos population displayed oxyfluorfen GR90values that were similar to those observed in susceptible plants; however, this population was significantly more resistant in terms of plant survival (LD90). Protoporphyrin IX accumulation assays supported the results of dose–response assays, in that the most oxyfluorfen-resistant populations accumulated less protoporphyrin IX. Although more studies are needed, it seems that these five glyphosate-resistant weed populations display a natural tendency to easily develop resistance to oxyfluorfen, with the populations that have higher resistance to glyphosate also having higher resistance to oxyfluorfen.

Evolved resistance to glyphosate in rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in Australia

Weed Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 604-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen B. Powles ◽  
Debrah F. Lorraine-Colwill ◽  
James J. Dellow ◽  
Christopher Preston
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Rigid Ryegrass ◽  
Susceptible Populations ◽  
Grass Weed

Following 15 yr of successful use, glyphosate failed to control a population of the widespread grass weed rigid ryegrass in Australia. This population proved to be resistant to glyphosate in pot dose-response experiments conducted outdoors, exhibiting 7- to 11-fold resistance when compared to a susceptible population. Some cross-resistance to diclofop-methyl (about 2.5-fold) was also observed. Similar levels of control of the resistant and susceptible populations were obtained following application of amitrole, chlorsulfuron, fluazifop-P-butyl, paraquat, sethoxydim, sirnazine, or tralkoxydim. The presence of glyphosate resistance in a major weed species indicates a need for changes in glyphosate use patterns.

Resistance to very-long-chain fatty-acid (VLCFA)-inhibiting herbicides in multiple field-selected rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) populations

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Brunton ◽  
Peter Boutsalis ◽  
Gurjeet Gill ◽  
Christopher Preston
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
First Case ◽  
Rigid Ryegrass ◽  
Multiple Field ◽  
Dose Response Study ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractFive populations of rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidumGaudin) from fields across cropping regions in southern Australia were suspected of having resistance to thiocarbamates, chloroacetamides, and sulfonylisoxazoline herbicides. Resistant (R) populations 375-14, 198-15, 16.2, EP162, RAC1, and A18 and two susceptible (S) populations (SLR4 and VLR1) were included in a dose–response study. All suspected R populations expressed resistance to one or all herbicides (thiocarbamates, chloroacetamides, and pyroxasulfone). Population 198-15 exhibited the highest LD50to triallate (44.7-fold), prosulfocarb (45.7-fold),S-metolachlor (31.5-fold), and metazachlor (27.2-fold) compared with the S populations. Populations 198-15 and 375-14 were also resistant to pyroxasulfone (13.5- and 14.9-fold) compared with the S populations, as was population EP162. This study documents the first case of field-evolved resistance to thiocarbamate, chloroacetamide, and sulfonylisoxazoline herbicides inL. rigidum.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Different Herbicides on Echinochloa colona (L.) Link Control and the First Case of Its Glyphosate Resistance in Greece

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1056
Author(s):  
Ilias Travlos ◽  
Panagiotis Kanatas ◽  
Anastasia Tsekoura ◽  
Ioannis Gazoulis ◽  
Panayiota Papastylianou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Baseline Sensitivity ◽  
Perennial Crops ◽  
First Case ◽  
Resistance Patterns

E. colona is a C4 annual summer grass which is troublesome to major summer annual and perennial crops. Due to recent complaints by the farmers, the objectives of the present study were to evaluate the efficacy of penoxsulam, profoxydim, cycloxydim, cyhalofop-butyl, florpyrauxifen-benzyl and glyphosate against six E. colona accessions, and also to evaluate the response of these accessions to different rates of glyphosate in a dose-response experiment. In the first experiment, herbicides were applied at their maximum recommended label rates, while in the dose-response experiment, glyphosate was applied at six doses corresponding to 0, 1/4X, 1/2X, X, 2X, and 4X of the recommended rate. The dry weight of the biotypes TH8 and TH7 treated with profoxydim was 66% and 68% of the untreated control, respectively. The efficacy of cyhalofop-butyl against three accessions was lower than 30%, while two accessions were susceptible to this herbicide. The efficacy of penoxsulam against the biotypes ET2 and ET4 was lower than 10%, while dry weight of FT5 and TH8 was only reduced by 23%–28% as compared to the control. Cycloxydim application provided control higher than 75% at 21 days after treatment (DAT) of three accessions, while the majority of E. colona accessions was adequately controlled by the application of florpyrauxifen-benzyl. The response of the different accessions to glyphosate varied. The results of the glyphosate dose-response experiment revealed that the GR50 values of the resistant E. colona accessions ET2 and ET4 were up to 1098 and 1220 g a.e. ha−1 of glyphosate, respectively, whereas the GR50 value of the susceptible accession (FT5) was only 98 g a.e. ha−1. The resistance indices of ET2 and ET4 were 12.4 and 11.2, respectively, indicating that they have already developed resistance to glyphosate. Three more accessions could be also of developing resistant to glyphosate. This is the first report of glyphosate resistance from E. colona accessions in Greece, with indications of multiple resistance also present. Further research is needed in order to evaluate the efficacy of several herbicides under different soil and climatic conditions, conduct baseline sensitivity studies, reveal the evolvement of resistance patterns to glyphosate from accessions of Echinochloa spp., and search for alternative options of weed management in annual and perennial crops due to the clear indications of multiple resistance situations.

scholarly journals Identification and Mapping of Cross-Resistance Patterns to ALS-Inhibitors in Greater Beggarticks (Bidens spp.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.R. MENDES ◽  
R.S. OLIVEIRA JR. ◽  
J. CONSTANTIN ◽  
V.F.V. SILVA ◽  
J.R. HENCKS
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Als Inhibitors

ABSTRACT: Greater beggarticks (Bidens pilosa and Bidens subalternans) biotypes have been under selection pressure of ALS-inhibitors since early 90’s in Brazil. The objectives of this work were to investigate whether there are different cross-resistance patterns among ALS-inhibitors herbicides in Bidens spp. biotypes; to understand the geographic distribution of resistance patterns in grains producing regions in Brazil; and evaluate the possibility of multiple resistance to ALS-inhibitors, EPSPs inhibitor and photosystem II inhibitors. Dose-response experiments were carried out with imazethapyr, chlorimuron and diclosulam in three populations. Sensibility to others 34 populations both from Paraná State (PR) and from others Brazilian regions were also evaluated. The dose-response assay revealed cross-resistance with different patterns. One population was resistant to all three herbicides, the second population was tolerant to both imazethapyr and chlorimuron, but not to diclosulam, while a third population was resistant merely to imazethapyr. The results exhibited different cross-resistance patterns, since they can be found in other Bidens spp. populations. However, no relationship was observed between geographic areas where samples were collected and resistance patterns. Conclusively, the most frequent resistance pattern was R2 (resistance to imazethapyr, chlorimuron and diclosulam).

scholarly journals Resistance to Multiple PRE Herbicides in a Field-evolved Rigid Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) Population

Weed Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 581-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Brunton ◽  
Peter Boutsalis ◽  
Gurjeet Gill ◽  
Christopher Preston
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
First Case ◽  
Resistant Population ◽  
Rigid Ryegrass ◽  
Susceptible Populations

AbstractA population of rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidumGaudin) from a field on the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, was suspected of resistance to thiocarbamate herbicides. Dose–response studies were conducted on this population (EP162) and two susceptible populations (SLR4 and VLR1). The resistant population exhibited cross-resistance to triallate, prosulfocarb, EPTC, and thiobencarb with higher LD50to triallate (14.9-fold), prosulfocarb (9.4-fold), EPTC (9.7-fold), and thiobencarb (13.6-fold) compared with the susceptible populations SLR4 and VLR1. The resistant population also displayed resistance to trifluralin, pyroxasulfone, and propyzamide. The LD50of the resistant population was higher for trifluralin (13.8-fold), pyroxasulfone (8.1-fold), and propyzamide (2.7-fold) compared with the susceptible populations. This study documents the first case of field-evolved resistance to thiocarbamate herbicides inL. rigidum.

scholarly journals Inheritance of glyphosate resistance in rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) from California

Weed Science ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marulak Simarmata ◽  
Suleiman Bughrara ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Maternal Inheritance ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Mendelian Segregation ◽  
Rigid Ryegrass ◽  
Homozygous Resistant

Glyphosate resistance was found in a rigid ryegrass population in northern California. A sample of the resistant plants were collected and grown under greenhouse conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate glyphosate resistance in the progeny of the collected plants by recurrent selection, obtain the homozygous resistant and sensitive lines to establish dose-response curves, and to determine the inheritance of glyphosate resistance in rigid ryegrass. Diverse levels of resistance were observed in the first generation with survival of 89, 59, 45, and 9% from glyphosate at 1x, 2x, 4x, and 8x respectively, where x = 1.12 kg ha−1isopropylamine salt of glyphosate. Clones of plants that died from 1x were allowed to produce seed and were further subjected to recurrent selection to generate the most sensitive plants (S lines), which died from 0.125x glyphosate. The most resistant plants (R lines) were generated from the survivors receiving 8x glyphosate. The ratio between I50rates for the glyphosate resistant and the glyphosate sensitive plants was > 100-fold. The R and S lines were crossed reciprocally and F1progeny of both (R × S) and (S × R) showed intermediate resistance. These survived up to 2x glyphosate. The F2progeny were generated by intercrossing of F1plants. The ratio of sensitive, intermediate, and resistant plants in the F2population before the treatment of glyphosate at 0.125x followed by 8x was 1 : 16, 14 : 16, and 1 : 16 respectively, which corresponded to the Mendelian segregation ratio of two genes. The results indicated that the inheritance of glyphosate resistance in rigid ryegrass from California appeared to be nuclear, incompletely dominant, multigenic, and pollen-transmitted with no indication of maternal inheritance.

Frost Reduces Clethodim Efficacy in Clethodim-Resistant Rigid Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) Populations

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupinder Kaur Saini ◽  
Jenna Malone ◽  
Christopher Preston ◽  
Gurjeet S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Acetyl Coenzyme A ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Rigid Ryegrass ◽  
Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase

Rigid ryegrass, an important annual weed species in cropping regions of southern Australia, has evolved resistance to 11 major groups of herbicides. Dose–response studies were conducted to determine response of three clethodim-resistant populations and one clethodim-susceptible population of rigid ryegrass to three different frost treatments (−2 C). Clethodim-resistant and -susceptible plants were exposed to frost in a frost chamber from 4:00 P.M. to 8:00 A.M. for three nights before or after clethodim application and were compared with plants not exposed to frost. A reduction in the level of clethodim efficacy was observed in resistant populations when plants were exposed to frost for three nights before or after clethodim application. In the highly resistant populations, the survival percentage and LD50were higher when plants were exposed to frost before clethodim application compared with frost after clethodim application. However, frost treatment did not influence clethodim efficacy of the susceptible population. Sequencing of the acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) gene of the three resistant populations identified three known mutations at positions 1781, 2041, and 2078. However, most individuals in the highly resistant populations did not contain any known mutation in ACCase, suggesting the resistance mechanism was a nontarget site. The effect of frost on clethodim efficacy in resistant plants may be an outcome of the interaction between frost and the clethodim resistance mechanism(s) present.

Reduced Glyphosate Translocation in Two Glyphosate-Resistant Populations of Rigid Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) from Fence Lines in South Australia

Weed Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Adu-Yeboah ◽  
Jenna M. Malone ◽  
Gurjeet Gill ◽  
Christopher Preston
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Mechanism Of Resistance ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Rigid Ryegrass ◽  
Susceptible Populations ◽  
Fence Line

Populations of rigid ryegrass with resistance to glyphosate have started to become a problem on fence lines of cropping fields of southern Australian farms. Seed of rigid ryegrass plants that survived glyphosate application were collected from two fence line locations in Clare, South Australia. Dose–response experiments confirmed resistance of these fence line populations to glyphosate. Both populations required 9- to 15-fold higher glyphosate dose to achieve 50% mortality in comparison to a standard susceptible population. The mechanism of resistance in these populations was investigated. Sequencing a conserved region of the gene encoding 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase identified no differences between the resistant and susceptible populations. Absorption of glyphosate into leaves of the resistant populations was not different from the susceptible population. However, the resistant plants retained significantly more herbicide in the treated leaf blades than did the susceptible plants. Conversely, susceptible plants translocated significantly more herbicide to the leaf sheaths and untreated leaves than the resistant plants. The differences in translocation pattern for glyphosate between the resistant and susceptible populations of rigid ryegrass suggest resistance is associated with altered translocation of glyphosate in the fence line populations.

scholarly journals Identification of glyphosate resistance in Lolium rigidum Gaudin

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danijela Pavlovic ◽  
Charlie Reinhardt ◽  
Igor Elezovic ◽  
Sava Vrbnicanin
Keyword(s):  
Shikimic Acid ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Population Difference ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Rigid Ryegrass ◽  
Susceptible Populations ◽  
Two Populations

Glyphosate resistance was found in Lolium rigidum Gaudin (Rigid ryegrass, LOLRI) in South Africa. Suspected glyphosate-resistant L. rigidum populations were collected and grown under greenhouse conditions. The plants were sprayed with a range of doses of glyphosate 35 days after planting and shoot dry biomass was determined 17 days after herbicide treatment. Based on the dose-response experiment conducted in the greenhouse, one population of L. rigidum suspected to be resistant to glyphosate was approximately 5.3 fold more resistant than susceptible population. The other population was 2.8 fold more resistant than susceptible population. Difference between the two suspected resistant populations was 1.9 fold. All plants were treated with glyphosate (1000 g a.i. ha-1) and shikimic acid was extracted 2, 4 and 6 days after treatment. The plants of susceptible populations accumulated more shikimic acid than other two populations.

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