Influence of timing of Palmer amaranth control in dicamba-resistant cotton on yield and economic return

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 682-688
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Inman ◽  
David L. Jordan ◽  
Matthew C. Vann ◽  
Andrew T. Hare ◽  
Alan C. York ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Management ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Cotton Belt ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Made In

AbstractGlyphosate-resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth continues to be challenging to control across the U.S. cotton belt. Timely application of POST herbicides and herbicides applied at planting or during the season with residual activity are utilized routinely to control this weed. Although glyphosate controls large Palmer amaranth that is not GR, herbicides such as glufosinate used in resistance management programs for GR Palmer amaranth must be applied when weeds are small. Dicamba can complement both glyphosate and glufosinate in controlling GR and glyphosate-susceptible (GS) biotypes in resistant cultivars. Two studies were conducted to determine Palmer amaranth control, weed biomass, and cotton yield, as well as to estimate economic net return when herbicides were applied 2, 3, 4, and 5 wk after planting (WAP). In one experiment POST-only applications were made. In the second experiment PRE herbicides were included. In general, Palmer amaranth was controlled at least 98% by herbicides applied at least three times regardless of timing of application or herbicide sequence. Glyphosate plus dicamba applied at 4 and 5 WAP controlled Palmer amaranth similarly compared to three applications by 8 WAP; however, yield was reduced 23% because of early-season interference. The inclusion of PRE herbicides benefited treatments that did not include herbicides applied 2 or 3 WAP. Glyphosate plus dicamba applied as the only herbicides 5 WAP provided 69% control of Palmer amaranth. PRE herbicides increased control to 96% for this POST treatment. Economic returns were similar when three or more POST applications were applied, with or without PRE herbicides.

Impact of Irrigation and Hail on Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri) in Corn

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall S. Currie ◽  
Norman L. Klocke
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Corn Plant ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Dose Response Study ◽  
The Impact

In 2005 a hailstorm struck a long-term dose–response study of irrigation requirements and corn plant populations. This misfortune occurred again in 2006 at approximately the same growth stage. Therefore, the objectives of the studies were redirected to measure the impact of actual hail events on corn leaf area index (LAI) and the competitive interaction of escaped Palmer amaranth populations induced by hail across different levels of irrigation and corn populations. In 2005, the study treatment with the lowest corn population and level of irrigation had twice the Palmer amaranth biomass (PABM) at corn harvest compared with the highest corn population and irrigation level. Corn LAI produced simple linear models that predicted both corn grain yield and PABM. In 2007, the nonhail year, PABM was depressed 4- to 15-fold compared with hail years. PABM declined linearly from 417 kg/ha at the lowest level of irrigation and corn population to 48 kg/ha at the highest level of irrigation and corn plant population. Although economic return per increment of irrigation declined in both hail years, the trends in economic returns were still positive. This suggests that a producer with similar conditions should continue to irrigate even though his or her rate of economic return is reduced.

Weed Control in Cotton by Combinations of Microencapsulated Acetochlor and Various Residual Herbicides Applied Preemergence

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 740-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles W. Cahoon ◽  
Alan C. York ◽  
David L. Jordan ◽  
Wesley J. Everman ◽  
Richard W. Seagroves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Cotton Field ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Reduced Rate

Residual herbicides are routinely recommended to aid in control of glyphosate-resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth in cotton. Acetochlor, a chloroacetamide herbicide, applied PRE, controls Palmer amaranth. A microencapsulated (ME) formulation of acetochlor is now registered for PRE application in cotton. Field research was conducted in North Carolina to evaluate cotton tolerance and Palmer amaranth control by acetochlor ME alone and in various combinations. Treatments, applied PRE, consisted of acetochlor ME, pendimethalin, or no herbicide arranged factorially with diuron, fluometuron, fomesafen, diuron plus fomesafen, and no herbicide. The PRE herbicides were followed by glufosinate applied twice POST and diuron plus MSMA directed at layby. Acetochlor ME was less injurious to cotton than pendimethalin. Acetochlor ME alone or in combination with other herbicides reduced early season cotton growth 5 to 8%, whereas pendimethalin alone or in combinations injured cotton 11 to 13%. Early season injury was transitory, and by 65 to 84 d after PRE treatment, injury was no longer noticeable. Before the first POST application of glufosinate, acetochlor ME and pendimethalin controlled Palmer amaranth 84 and 64%, respectively. Control by acetochlor ME was similar to control by diuron plus fomesafen and greater than control by diuron, fluometuron, or fomesafen alone. Greater than 90% control was obtained with acetochlor ME mixed with diuron or fomesafen. Palmer amaranth control was similar with acetochlor ME plus a full or reduced rate of fomesafen. Acetochlor ME controlled large crabgrass and goosegrass at 91 and 100% compared with control at 83 and 91%, respectively, by pendimethalin. Following glufosinate, applied twice POST, and diuron plus MSMA, at layby, 96 to 99% control was obtained late in the season by all treatments, and no differences among herbicide treatments were noted for cotton yield. This research demonstrated that acetochlor ME can be safely and effectively used in cotton weed management programs.

scholarly journals Boll Weevil Control Strategies: Regional Benefits and Costs

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Robert Taylor ◽  
Ronald D. Lacewell
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Boll Weevil ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Trap Crops ◽  
Southern States ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
Benefits And Costs ◽  
The U.S

Throughout the southern states and at the federal level, much attention is being focused on the appropriate strategy for controlling cotton insect pests, particularly the boll weevil. This paper presents estimated economic impacts to farmers, regions and consumers of implementing three alternative boll weevil control strategies. One strategy evaluated is a proposed boll weevil eradication program which involves integrating many controls including insecticides, reproduction-diapause control by early season stalk destruction, pheromone-baited traps, trap crops, early season control with insecticide, and massive releases of sterile boll weevils. The plan is to eradicate the boll weevil in the U.S., and then indefinitely maintain a barrier at the U.S.-Mexico border to prevent future weevil immigration to the U.S.

MON-37500 for Weed Control and Alfalfa Seed Production

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 810-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton D. Myhre ◽  
Heather A. Loeppky ◽  
F. Craig Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Alfalfa Seed

Alfalfa seed producers have a limited number of herbicide options to manage weed problems. MON-37500 (proposed name sulfosulfuron) is a sulfonylurea herbicide that controls dandelion and quackgrass, two common weeds in alfalfa fields. A study was conducted in two alfalfa fields at Valparaiso and Carrot River, Saskatchewan, Canada, from 1999 to 2001 to evaluate perennial weed control and alfalfa production responses with 0.5×, 1×, and 1.5× label-recommended rates of MON-37500 and also 2,4-DB and hexazinone. MON-37500 applied at the 1× and 1.5× rates at both locations reduced mid-May alfalfa vigor from 100% to between 80 and 90% and increased early-season control of dandelion and quackgrass by about 10 to 40 percentage units, when compared with other herbicide treatments. Improved weed control with 1× and 1.5× MON-37500 rates was sustained into mid-June only at Carrot River and was completely eliminated (100% vigor and 0% weed control), or almost so, by mid-July. MON-37500 did not control Canada thistle. Improved early-season weed control with the 1× MON-37500 rate apparently compensated for the loss of alfalfa vigor at Valparaiso, thus resulting in 27% (57 kg/ha) greater seed yield than with the other herbicide treatments. At Carrot River, hexazinone generally provided levels of weed control similar to MON-37500 but did not injure alfalfa. Consequently, alfalfa yields were highest and the proportion of dead (decaying) seed was least with this treatment. The 0.5× MON-37500 rate often resulted in inferior weed control relative to the 1× and 1.5× rates and never was among the herbicide treatments providing the greatest seed yield. Managing the residual activity of MON-37500 and its negative effect on alfalfa growth, especially at locations with soils having coarse texture and low organic matter content, represents the greatest challenge in making MON-37500 a reliable weed management tool for alfalfa seed producers.

Fluridone and Encapsulated Acetochlor Reduce Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibitor Use in a Glufosinate-Based Palmer Amaranth Management Program for Cotton

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 838-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis R. Braswell ◽  
Charles W. Cahoon ◽  
Alan C. York ◽  
David L. Jordan ◽  
Richard W. Seagroves
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Increasing Risk

Flumioxazin and fomesafen are commonly used to control glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth in cotton and other crops, thus increasing risk to select for Palmer amaranth biotypes resistant to protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors. A field experiment was conducted to determine the potential for fluridone and acetochlor to substitute for soil-applied PPO inhibitors in a Palmer amaranth management system with glufosinate applied twice POST and diuron plus MSMA POST-directed in conservation tillage cotton. Fluridone and flumioxazin applied preplant 23 to 34 d prior to planting were similarly effective. Fluridone and acetochlor plus diuron applied PRE controlled Palmer amaranth as well as fomesafen plus diuron PRE. All systems with preplant and PRE herbicides followed by glufosinate POST and diuron plus MSMA layby controlled Palmer amaranth well. Cotton yield did not differ among herbicide treatments. This research demonstrates that fluridone and acetochlor can substitute for soil-applied PPO-inhibiting herbicides in management systems for Palmer amaranth.

The Second International Meeting on Radio Aids to Marine Navigation New York and New London

1948 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
R. B. Michell
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
International Meeting ◽  
Radio Navigation ◽  
Marine Transport ◽  
Marine Navigation ◽  
New London ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Way ◽  
Second International

At the first International Meeting on Radio-Aids to Marine Navigation held in London in May 1946 some 105 delegates of twenty-three maritime nations met to discuss and witness demonstrations of some of the remarkable advances made in radio-navigation during the war and to consider the progress made in relation to their peacetime uses for marine transport.At the invitation of the U.S. government a second meeting was held a year later, in New York and New London, to show the progress made in America, to illustrate, with demonstrations, the U.S. policy and to pave the way to international standardisation. The U.K. delegation was led by Sir Robert Watson-Watt.

Cover Crops Suppression of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in Cotton

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus G. Palhano ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Tom Barber
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Weed Emergence

AbstractWith the recent confirmation of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-resistant Palmer amaranth in the US South, concern is increasing about the sustainability of weed management in cotton production systems. Cover crops can help to alleviate this problem, as they can suppress weed emergence via allelochemicals and/or a physical residue barrier. Field experiments were conducted in 2014 and 2015 at the Arkansas Agricultural Research and Extension Center to evaluate various cover crops for suppressing weed emergence and protecting cotton yield. In both years, cereal rye and wheat had the highest biomass production, whereas the amount of biomass present in spring did not differ among the remaining cover crops. All cover crops initially diminished Palmer amaranth emergence. However, cereal rye provided the greatest suppression, with 83% less emergence than in no cover crop plots. Physical suppression of Palmer amaranth and other weeds with cereal residues is probably the greatest contributor to reducing weed emergence. Seed cotton yield in the legume and rapeseed cover crop plots were similar when compared with the no cover crop treatment. The seed cotton yield collected from cereal cover crop plots was lower than from other treatments due to decreased cotton stand.

scholarly journals Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) in Determining Mineral Status of Cotton in the Cotton Zones of Benin

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Isidore Amonmidé ◽  
Gustave D. Dagbénonbakin ◽  
P. B. Irénikatché Akponikpè ◽  
Emile C. Agbangba ◽  
Pierre G. Tovihoudji
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Made In

This study aimed at developing parameters of the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) model for the assessment nutrient status for cotton grown in Benin.. Soil physical and chemical characteristics, leaves nutrient content (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and seed-cotton yield were assessed on samples gathered from 150 farmers’ fields in 2018. Nutrient indices were computed using standard DRIS procedures. Results showed that phosphorus was in excess in the petiole and the whole leaves but in deficit in the limb. Potassium content was adequate according in the petiole and leaves but deficient in the limb. Ca content was limiting in the limb or the whole leaves and adequate in the petiole. Based on the diagnosis made in the petioles, Mg was deficient while adequate in the limbs and leaves. In the limb, the order of the macronutrients is as follows: K> P> N. On the other side, in the petiole and the whole leaves, the order of the macronutrients becomes: P> K> N. In the whole leaves and limb, the order of the secondary elements is as follows: Mg> Ca, whereas in the petiole the order of the secondary elements becomes: Ca> Mg.

scholarly journals Representations of Surrogacy: Feminist and LGBT Controversy over Film and Media

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. p14
Author(s):  
Mingming Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Gay Parents ◽  
Narrative Framework ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Gestational Carrier ◽  
Made In ◽  
Single Men

Although transnational surrogacy has received much criticism owing to racial and class issues, the U.S. media portrays domestic surrogacy with overwhelming positive languages by employing specific narrative frameworks. Accompanying this shift, it is not so surprising that the number of gestational carrier cycles have skyrocketed from 727 to 3,423 over the last decade. (Note 1) In particular, increase in the number of gay and single men looking for surrogacy has yielded more controversies. This paper asks the following questions: How does the documentary Made in Boise present surrogacy in the context of a broader debate over feminist and LGBT’s positions? How are gay parents used in the altruism narrative framework to downplay exploitation of surrogacy? By providing insight into the intricate economic and power relationships between surrogate and a new emerging group of intended parents, my case study prompts broader questions such as: How to best document the most authentic narratives of the surrogates? How can feminist and LGBT scholars reconcile their viewpoints over surrogacy? These are pertinent questions concerning exploitation and coercion in the industry, thus influencing future feminists’ studies on reproductive technology and politics.

Weed Management with Glyphosate- and Glufosinate-Based Systems in PHY 485 WRF Cotton

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared R. Whitaker ◽  
Alan C. York ◽  
David L. Jordan ◽  
A. Stanley Culpepper
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
The North ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Resistance Trait ◽  
Cotton Belt

Glyphosate-resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth has become a serious pest in parts of the Cotton Belt. Some GR cotton cultivars also contain the WideStrike™ insect resistance trait, which confers tolerance to glufosinate. Use of glufosinate-based management systems in such cultivars could be an option for managing GR Palmer amaranth. The objective of this study was to evaluate crop tolerance and weed control with glyphosate-based and glufosinate-based systems in PHY 485 WRF cotton. The North Carolina field experiment compared glyphosate and glufosinate alone and in mixtures applied twice before four- to six-leaf cotton. Additional treatments included glyphosate and glufosinate mixed withS-metolachlor or pyrithiobac applied to one- to two-leaf cotton followed by glyphosate or glufosinate alone on four- to six-leaf cotton. All treatments received a residual lay-by application. Excellent weed control was observed from all treatments on most weed species. Glyphosate was more effective than glufosinate on glyphosate-susceptible (GS) Palmer amaranth and annual grasses, while glufosinate was more effective on GR Palmer amaranth. Annual grass and GS Palmer amaranth control by glyphosate plus glufosinate was often less than control by glyphosate alone but similar to or greater than control by glufosinate alone, while mixtures were more effective than either herbicide alone on GR Palmer amaranth. Glufosinate caused minor and transient injury to the crop, but no differences in cotton yield or fiber quality were noted. This research demonstrates glufosinate can be applied early in the season to PHY 485 WRF cotton without concern for significant adverse effects on the crop. Although glufosinate is often less effective than glyphosate on GS Palmer amaranth, GR Palmer amaranth can be controlled with well-timed applications of glufosinate. Use of glufosinate in cultivars with the WideStrike trait could fill a significant void in current weed management programs for GR Palmer amaranth in cotton.

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