Cotton tolerance to halauxifen-methyl applied preplant

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (04) ◽  
pp. 620-626
Author(s):  
M. Carter Askew ◽  
Charles W. Cahoon ◽  
Alan C. York ◽  
Michael L. Flessner ◽  
David B. Langston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Plant ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Rotation Interval ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Auxin Herbicides

AbstractAuxin herbicides are used in combinations to control glyphosate-resistant horseweed preplant burndown. Herbicide labels for 2,4-D–containing products require a 30-d rotation interval for planting cotton cultivars not resistant to 2,4-D. Dicamba labels require an accumulation of 2.5 cm of rain plus 21 d per 280 g ae ha–1 rotation interval for planting cotton cultivars not resistant to dicamba. Previous research has shown that cotton injury caused by dicamba applied 14 d before planting was transient with little effect on cotton yield, whereas 2,4-D has little effect on cotton when applied 7 d prior to planting. Injury caused by dicamba and 2,4-D is inversely related to rainfall received between herbicide application and cotton planting. Experiments were conducted to evaluate cotton tolerance to halauxifen-methyl, a new Group 4 herbicide, applied at intervals shorter than labeled requirements. Experiments were established near Painter and Suffolk, VA, and Belvidere, Clayton, Eure, Lewiston, and Rocky Mount, NC, during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. Herbicide treatments included halauxifen, dicamba, and 2,4-D applied 4, 3, 2, 1, and 0 wk before planting (WBP). Visible estimates of cotton growth reduction and total injury were collected 1, 2, and 4 wk after cotton emergence (WAE). Cotton stand and percentage of plants with distorted leaves were recorded 2 and 4 WAE. Cotton plant heights were recorded 4 and 8 WAE. Halauxifen was less injurious (9%) than dicamba (26%) or 2,4-D (21%) 2 WAE when herbicides were applied 0 WBP. Cotton stand reduction 2 WAE by halauxifen was less than 2,4-D and dicamba when applied 0 WBP. Injury observed from herbicides applied 1, 2, 3, and 4 WBP was minor, and no significant differences in cotton stand were observed. Early-season cotton injury was transient, and seed cotton yield was unaffected by any treatment.

scholarly journals A Weed Compaction Roller System for Use with Mechanical Herbicide Application

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam H. Wiese ◽  
Daniel A. Netzer ◽  
Don E. Riemenschneider ◽  
Ronald S. Zalesny
Keyword(s):  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Roller System ◽  
The Cost

Abstract We designed, constructed, and field-tested a versatile and unique weed compaction roller system that can be used with mechanical herbicide application for invasive weed control in tree plantations, agronomic settings, and areas where localized flora and fauna are in danger of elimination from the landscape. The weed compaction roller system combined with herbicide application generally had greater vegetation control compared with using only herbicide treatments or the unsprayed control. The roller system-herbicide treatment combination showed substantial total vegetation control two growing seasons after application without impacting diameter growth of the crop trees, which supports the need for less frequent entries into the field. The cost of the roller system was approximately $300.00.

Effect of Different Rolling/Crimping Directions and Row Cleaners for Cereal Rye Cover Crop on Cotton Growth in a Conservation System

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1845-1855
Author(s):  
Ted S. Kornecki
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Rolling Direction ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Emergence Rate ◽  
Time Required

Abstract. Cover crops have been recognized as a vital part of conservation agriculture, but they need to be managed appropriately to avoid planting problems related to the large amounts of biomass. Typically, cover crops are rolled in the same direction as the travel direction of the planter, but producers have been inquiring if other rolling directions are also effective. To answer this question, replicated field experiments (split-plot design) were conducted at two locations in Alabama during three growing seasons to evaluate different rolling directions of a cereal rye cover crop, i.e., non-rolled (standing rye), 0° (cotton planting direction), 180° (opposite of planting direction), 15° (offset from 0°), and 195° (15° offset from 180°), using a roller/crimper. A no-till cotton planter with different row cleaners, i.e., a commercially available row cleaner (Dawn with coulter), a residue pusher with and without a coulter, and no row cleaner (control), was used to determine the effects of rolling direction and row cleaners on cotton population, emergence rate, and yield. The rye cover crop was terminated with a roller/crimper and glyphosate. Among growing seasons, significant differences existed in rye production, cotton population, emergence rate index (ERI), seed cotton yield, amount of residue accumulated on the planter, and the time required to remove residue from the planter. For the rolling direction treatments, higher cotton population was found for 0° and non-rolled rye, and the lowest population was found with 195°. The ERI was higher for 0° and non-rolled rye, and the lowest ERI was observed for 195°. For the row cleaner treatments, the cotton population and ERI were both higher for Dawn with coulter and pusher with coulter. Across three growing seasons, cotton yield was not affected by rolling direction but was affected by row cleaner. Significantly higher cotton yield was associated with Dawn with coulter and pusher with or without coulter, compared to lower yield for no row cleaner. The important findings were that residue accumulation was not problematic when the cover crop was rolled. When the cover crop was not rolled, the pusher accumulated more residue than Dawn with coulter; however, the time required to remove the residue was more than 3 times higher for Dawn with coulter as compared to the pusher. The data indicated that, across all growing seasons and locations, rolling direction and row cleaner affected the cotton population, ERI, residue accumulation on the planter, and the time required to remove residue. In contrast, rolling direction did not affect seed cotton yield, but row cleaner had an effect on seed cotton yield. Based on the results, the best combination of rolling direction and row cleaner was 15° offset to the cotton planting direction and Dawn with coulter, which resulted in higher cotton population, ERI, and seed cotton yield without residue accumulation on the row cleaner. However, the 0° and 180° Dawn with coulter and 15° pusher with coulter combinations were also effective in producing relatively higher cotton population, ERI, and seed cotton yield. Keywords: Conservation system, Cotton yield, Emergence, Plant population, Residue pusher, Roller/crimper, Rolling direction, Row cleaner, Rye cover crop.

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Yield Response to Mechanical and Chemical Weed Control Systems

Weed Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Snipes ◽  
Thomas C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Surface Coverage ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Prickly Sida

Cotton yield response was evaluated in 1987, 1988, and 1989 when weeds were managed with preemergence fluometuron [none (0%), band (50%), or broadcast (100%) surface coverage], cultivation (none, one, two, or three times), and postdirected fluometuron + MSMA. Weed densities (primarily prickly sida, morningglories, and hemp sesbania) varied widely among years and were directly related to early season rainfall. Postdirected herbicide application or cultivation(s) had little effect on weed density. The use of a banded fluometuron application reduced weed biomass 28 to 47%. A further decrease was observed when preemergence fluometuron was increased from banded to broadcast coverage. Seed cotton yields were low with no preemergence fluometuron. Banded fluometuron and at least one cultivation had yields similar to broadcast fluometuron only. Cotton yields were related to weed density and weed biomass in a hyperbolic relationship. Low weed densities caused more yield loss per unit weed density than higher densities.

Glyphosate Tolerance in Enhanced Glyphosate-Resistant Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan A. Huff ◽  
Daniel B. Reynolds ◽  
Darrin M. Dodds ◽  
J. Trenton Irby
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Cotton Plant ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Roundup Ready ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Commercial Use

Glyphosate applied to glyphosate-resistant (RR) cotton varieties after the four-leaf stage can decrease boll retention resulting in severe yield reductions. Enhanced glyphosate-resistant cotton (RR Flex), released for commercial use in 2006, offers a wider window of glyphosate applications without the risk of yield loss. However, no data exist regarding the effect of glyphosate application, especially late season applications, on fruit partitioning in RR Flex cotton. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of glyphosate rate and application timing on RR Flex cotton yield and fruit partitioning compared with current RR cotton. Studies were conducted during a 3-yr period (2004 to 2006), throughout the cotton growing regions of Mississippi. Roundup Ready (ST 4892 Bollgard/Roundup Ready [BR]) and Roundup Ready Flex (Mon 171 Enhanced Roundup Ready and ST 4554 Bollgard II/Roundup Ready Flex [B2RF]) cotton was planted, and glyphosate was applied at various rates and cotton growth stages. Data were collected using box mapping, a technique designed to depict yield partitioning on a cotton plant. RR Flex cotton yields were unaffected by glyphosate application timing or rate. Yields for ST 4892 BR were affected by application timings after the sixth leaf. ST 4892 BR had increased yield partitioning to position-three bolls and upper nodes with later application timings of glyphosate. Increases in seed cotton partitioned to higher nodes and outer fruiting positions were unable to compensate for fruit shed from innermost, lower fruiting sites. These data indicate that RR Flex cotton has excellent tolerance to late-season glyphosate applications.

The Influence of Fluometuron and MSMA on Cotton Yield and Fruiting Characteristics

Weed Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Snipes ◽  
J. D. Byrd
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Field experiments conducted from 1987 through 1991 at the Delta Branch Experiment Station, Stoneville, MS, determined the effect of postemergence topical applications of fluometuron and MSMA on cotton yield and fruiting. Herbicide treatments applied to cotton in the cotyledon to 1-leaf growth stage were 1.12 kg ai ha-1fluometuron plus 0.25% by vol nonionic surfactant, 2.2 kg ai ha-1MSMA, and a combination of 1.12 kg ha-1fluometuron and 2.24 kg ha-1MSMA. The commercial formulation of MSMA contained nonionic surfactant. Visual injury of cotton 14 d after treatment ranged from 14 to 28% for fluometuron, 9 to 26% for MSMA, and 22 to 34% for the combination. Seed cotton yield at the first harvest was reduced by all herbicide treatments except in 1987 and for DES 119 cotton in 1990. In 1990, yield of DES 119 cotton treated with MSMA and the combination was less than the untreated control for the second harvest interval. Cotton yield from herbicide treatments at later harvests was equal to or greater than the untreated control. Only in 1988 did all treatments reduce total seed cotton yield below the untreated control. Fiber quality was not adversely affected by the herbicides. Compared to the control, plant mapping indicated that the number of sympodial branches per plant was reduced by MSMA and by the combination for DPL 50 cotton in 1990. Averaged over 4 experiment years, herbicide treatments did not reduce total bolls per plant; percentage of bolls in first, second, or outer positions; highest sympodium with two bolls; or number of sympodium with bolls in the first or second position. However, MSMA and the combination increased node number of the first sympodia by one and 1.5 positions, respectively, when compared to the control, indicating delayed maturity.

Rotational Crop Response to Chlorimuron, Clomazone, and Imazaquin Applied the Previous Year

Weed Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dale Monks ◽  
Philip A. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Soil Samples ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Rotational Crop

Experiments to determine effects of chlorimuron, clomazone, and imazaquin applied the year before planting corn, cotton, and sorghum were conducted at three locations in Georgia. Corn injury was <20% in 1987 and 1988 and yield was not affected. In 1988, imazaquin applied at a high rate or sequentially the previous year to late-planted soybeans injured corn more than applications to the early-planted soybeans. Cotton was the most sensitive crop to herbicides applied the previous year. However, seed cotton yield was not decreased due to herbicides applied the previous year. Sorghum growth and yield 8 weeks after planting was not affected by soybean herbicide application the previous year. Sicklepod, corn, and wheat bioassays did not detect any of the herbicides in soil samples obtained the season after treatment. Bioassays accurately predicted potential injury in corn and sorghum but not cotton.

Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Control with Imazethapyr and Haloxyfop in Conventional and Vertical-tilled Soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector J. Tassara ◽  
Jose Santoro ◽  
Mircza C. De Seiler ◽  
Esteban Bojanich ◽  
Claudio Rubione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Reduced Frequency ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Measuring Frequency

Field studies in conventional and vertical-tilled soybeans were conducted in 1992/93 and 1993/94 at four locations in Argentina to compare the efficacy of imazethapyr and haloxyfop for johnsongrass control. Control was evaluated by measuring frequency of johnsongrass-infested areas at the beginning of the 1992/93 and 1993/94 growing seasons. Relative johnsongrass leaf area and number of rhizome phytomers within infested areas also was evaluated. Herbicide application reduced frequency of infested areas in the 1992/93 growing season. Frequency of infested areas increased in check plots. No differences were found among herbicide treatments, suggesting that the effect of imazethapyr was as high as that observed for specific graminicides. Reduction in frequency of infested areas caused by herbicide treatments was accompanied to some extent by a decrease in intensity of infestation within infested patches assessed by measuring johnsongrass relative leaf area. Phytomer population levels, on the other hand, were reduced only after two consecutive years of herbicide application. No differences were found among herbicide treatments in terms of impact on both measures of weed abundance. Johnsongrass responded similarly to all treatments regardless of tillage system.

scholarly journals Altering Growth Characters and Seed Cotton Yield under Foliar Application of Boron

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Tasdiqur Rahman ◽  
M. Moynul Haque ◽  
Md. Gazi Golum Mortuza ◽  
Md. Sadek Hossain ◽  
Md. Shah Newaz Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Plant ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Cotton Variety ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Growth Characters

The experiment was conducted at Central Cotton Research Farm, Sreepur, Gazipur during cotton growing season of 2009-2011. Cotton variety cv. CB-10 was used under experiment. Eight levels of boron (0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.50 and 1.75, g L-1 water) were sprayed at reproductive stage of cotton as treatment. The design of the experiment was randomized completely block design (RCBD) with three replications. Result revealed that, foliar application of boron has significant influence on different traits of cotton. Foliar application of boron may improve the performance of cotton plant by reducing the percentage of boll shattering and increasing the growth of square for better quality fiber. 

Fluridone and Encapsulated Acetochlor Reduce Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibitor Use in a Glufosinate-Based Palmer Amaranth Management Program for Cotton

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 838-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis R. Braswell ◽  
Charles W. Cahoon ◽  
Alan C. York ◽  
David L. Jordan ◽  
Richard W. Seagroves
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Increasing Risk

Flumioxazin and fomesafen are commonly used to control glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth in cotton and other crops, thus increasing risk to select for Palmer amaranth biotypes resistant to protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors. A field experiment was conducted to determine the potential for fluridone and acetochlor to substitute for soil-applied PPO inhibitors in a Palmer amaranth management system with glufosinate applied twice POST and diuron plus MSMA POST-directed in conservation tillage cotton. Fluridone and flumioxazin applied preplant 23 to 34 d prior to planting were similarly effective. Fluridone and acetochlor plus diuron applied PRE controlled Palmer amaranth as well as fomesafen plus diuron PRE. All systems with preplant and PRE herbicides followed by glufosinate POST and diuron plus MSMA layby controlled Palmer amaranth well. Cotton yield did not differ among herbicide treatments. This research demonstrates that fluridone and acetochlor can substitute for soil-applied PPO-inhibiting herbicides in management systems for Palmer amaranth.

Response of wildlife to forest herbicide applications in northern coniferous ecosystems

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2286-2299 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Lautenschlager
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammal ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Small Mammal Species ◽  
Coniferous Ecosystems

Reviewed studies of the effects of forest herbicide applications on wildlife often lacked replication, pretreatment information, and (or) were conducted for only one or two growing seasons after treatment. Because of these problems, as well as the use of dissimilar sampling techniques, study conclusions have sometimes been contradictory. A review of eight studies of the effects of herbicide treatments on northern songbird populations in regenerating clearcuts indicates that total songbird populations are seldom reduced during the growing season after treatment. Densities of species that use early successional brushy, deciduous cover are sometimes reduced, while densities of species which commonly use more open areas, sometimes increase. A review of 14 studies of the effects of herbicide treatments on small mammals indicates that like songbirds, small mammal responses are species specific. Some species are unaffected, while some select and others avoid herbicide-treated areas. Only studies that use kill or removal trapping to study small mammal responses show density reductions associated with herbicide treatment. It seems that some small mammal species may be reluctant to venture into disturbed areas, although residents in those areas are apparently not affected by the disturbance. Fourteen relevant studies examined the effects of conifer release treatments on moose and deer foods and habitat use. Conifer release treatments reduce the availability of moose browse for as long as four growing seasons after treatment. The degree of reduction during the growing season after treatment varies with the herbicide and rate used. Deer use of treated areas remains unchanged or increases during the first growing season after treatment. Eight years after treating a naturally regenerated spruce–fir stand browse was three to seven times more abundant on treated than on control plots (depending on the chemical and rate used). Forage quality (nitrogen, ash, and moisture) of crop trees increased one growing season after the soil-active herbicide simazine was applied to control competition around outplanted 3-year-old balsam fir seedlings.

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