Influence of Glyphosate/Dicamba Application Rate and Timing on the Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Horseweed in Glyphosate/Dicamba-Resistant Soybean

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 678-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany K. Hedges ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
David C. Hooker ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Earlier Application

AbstractDicamba may be an efficacious option for the control of glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed in glyphosate/dicamba-resistant soybean; research is needed to optimize the application rate based on horseweed height at the time of application. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of glyphosate/dicamba rate and application timing for the control of GR horseweed. Glyphosate/dicamba was applied at three rates (900, 1,350, and 1,800 g ae ha−1) at three horseweed application timings (5, 15, and 25 cm) in a factorial design. There was no interaction between glyphosate/dicamba rate and timing for GR horseweed control or soybean yield; however, there was an interaction for GR horseweed density and biomass. At 2 and 4 wk after application (WAA), there was a decrease in GR horseweed control as the height at the time application increased. At 4 WAA, the application of glyphosate/dicamba to GR horseweed that was 5-, 15-, and 25-cm tall provided 87%, 76%, and 62% control, respectively. There was no impact of glyphosate/dicamba application timing on soybean yield. At 2, 4, and 8 WAA, there was an increase in GR horseweed control as the rate of glyphosate/dicamba was increased. At 8 WAA, glyphosate/dicamba applied at 900, 1,350, and 1,800 g ae ha−1controlled GR horseweed 76%, 87%, and 92%, respectively. Earlier application timings and higher rates of glyphosate/dicamba caused the greatest reduction in GR horseweed density and biomass. Reduced GR horseweed competition resulted in a 100% to 144% increase in soybean yield, but there was no difference in soybean yield among glyphosate/dicamba rates tested.

Use of AC 263,222 for Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) Control in Soybean (Glycine max)

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall B. Wixson ◽  
David R. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Height Reduction ◽  
Ac 263,222

Field experiments were established in 1989 and 1990 to determine the effects of application rate and timing on sicklepod control and soybean tolerance to POST applications of AC 263,222 and chlorimuron. When applied to 3-, 6-, or 10-leaf sicklepod, 35 g ai ha-1or more AC 263,222 controlled more than 85% of sicklepod early in the season, and season-long when applied to 3- or 6-leaf sicklepod. At all timings, 70 g ha-1or more AC 263,222 resulted in better control than a PRE application of 420 g ai ha-1metribuzin followed by 9 g ai ha-1chlorimuron applied POST. At 35 g ha-1or more AC 263,222, application timing did not affect sicklepod control. However, control was reduced with 18 g ha-1when applications were delayed from 3- or 6-leaf to 10-leaf sicklepod. At the 10-leaf sicklepod growth stage, a PRE application of imazaquin increased both sicklepod control and soybean yield with 35 g ha-1AC 263,222 as compared with AC 263,222 applied alone. Soybean injury and height reductions with AC 263,222 at 35 g ha-1and above were greater than with chlorimuron; however, increased soybean injury or height reduction was not reflected in pod numbers or yield.

scholarly journals Glufosinate Rate and Timing for Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Rhizomatous Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) in Glufosinate-Resistant Soybean

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall L. Landry ◽  
Daniel O. Stephenson ◽  
Brandi C. Woolam
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Application Timing

Field studies were conducted over a three-year period (2011, 2012, and 2013) in Louisiana to evaluate the effect of glufosinate rate and timing on glyphosate-resistant (GR) rhizomatous johnsongrass control in glufosinate-resistant soybean. Treatments included glufosinate (0.5, 0.6, or 0.7 kg ai ha−1) applied alone POST1 (46 cm tall johnsongrass) and sequentially 3 (POST2) or 4 (POST3) wk after POST1 at 0.5 or 0.6 kg ha−1. Glufosinate (0.7 kg ha−1) applied POST1 controlled johnsongrass 77% at soybean harvest. Averaged across sequential application rate, delaying the sequential application from POST2 to POST3 increased control from 65 to 78% at harvest. Increasing sequential application rate from 0.5 to 0.6 kg ha−1reduced johnsongrass heights 15% at harvest. Furthermore, delaying the sequential application from POST2 to POST3 reduced GR rhizomatous johnsongrass heights to 63% of the nontreated at harvest. Soybean yields were maximized following the POST1 application of glufosinate at 0.7 kg ha−1(2670 kg ha−1) and by applying 0.6 kg ha−1of glufosinate sequentially (2620 kg ha−1), regardless of sequential application timing. Maximum control and soybean yield were observed following glufosinate POST1 at 0.7 kg ha−1followed by 0.6 kg ha−1at POST3. This data indicates that glufosinate is an option for management of GR rhizomatous johnsongrass.

scholarly journals Interaction of dicamba, fluthiacet-methyl, and glyphosate for control of velvetleaf (Abutilon theopharsti) in dicamba/glyphosate-resistant soybean

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Jose H. S. de Sanctis ◽  
Amit J. Jhala
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Agronomic Crops ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Biomass Reduction

Abstract Velvetleaf is an economically important weed in agronomic crops in Nebraska and the United States. Dicamba applied alone usually does not provide complete velvetleaf control, particularly when velvetleaf is greater than 15 cm tall. The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the interaction of dicamba, fluthiacet-methyl, and glyphosate applied alone or in a mixture in two- or three-way combinations for velvetleaf control in dicamba/glyphosate-resistant (DGR) soybean and to evaluate whether velvetleaf height (≤ 12 cm or ≤ 20 cm) at the time of herbicide application influences herbicide efficacy, velvetleaf density, biomass, and soybean yield. Field experiments were conducted near Clay Center, Nebraska in 2019 and 2020. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot with velvetleaf height (≤ 12 cm or ≤ 20 cm) as the main plot treatment and herbicides as sub-plot treatment. Fluthiacet provided ≥ 94% velvetleaf control 28 d after treatment (DAT) and ≥ 96% biomass reduction regardless of application rate or velvetleaf height. Velvetleaf control was 31% to 74% at 28 DAT when dicamba or glyphosate was applied alone to velvetleaf ≤ 20 cm tall compared with 47% to 100% control applied to ≤ 12 cm tall plants. Dicamba applied alone to ≤ 20 cm tall velvetleaf provided < 75% control and < 87% biomass reduction 28 DAT compared with ≥ 90% control with dicamba at 560 g ae ha−1 + fluthiacet at 7.2 g ai ha−1 or glyphosate at 1,260 g ae ha−1. Dicmaba at 280 g ae ha−1 + glyphosate at 630 g ae ha−1 applied to ≤ 20 cm tall velvetleaf resulted in 86% control 28 DAT compared with the expected 99% control. The interaction of dicamba + fluthiacet + glyphosate was additive for velvetleaf control and biomass reduction regardless of application rate and velvetleaf height.

The Effect of Trifluralin Applied Preplant on Grass Weed Control and Establishment and Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio A. Scursoni ◽  
Emilio H. Satorre
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
And Control ◽  
Crop Planting ◽  
Grass Weed

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of preplant applications of trifluralin on barley stand and yield, and control of grass weeds in field experiments during 1992 and 1993. Factors examined were: (1) crop planting patterns (conventional drill with rows 15 cm apart and deep-seeder drill with rows 25 cm apart), (2) herbicide application times (22 d before sowing and immediately before sowing), and (3) herbicide application. During 1993, hand-weeded plots also were established. Trifluralin applied preplant at 528 g ai/ha reduced weed density and biomass. Weed control was higher under conventional planting than under the deep planting pattern, and there was no effect of the time of application on herbicide efficacy. There was no herbicide injury to the crop, and grain yield was higher in treated than in untreated plots due to successful weed control.

CONTROL OF GRASSHOPPERS, PARTICULARLY HIEROGLYPHUS DAGANENSIS, IN NORTHERN BENIN USING METARHIZIUM FLAVOVIRIDE

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (S171) ◽  
pp. 301-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Lomer ◽  
M.B. Thomas ◽  
O.-K. Douro-Kpindou ◽  
C. Gbongboui ◽  
I. Godonou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Field Population ◽  
Metarhizium Flavoviride ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Preliminary Work ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Spore Load ◽  
Significant Mortality

AbstractTrials on the use of Metarhizium flavoviride Gams and Roszypal conidia in oil-based formulation for the control of grasshoppers, particularly Hieroglyphus daganensis Krauss, in Malanville, north Benin, are described. Preliminary work examined sprayer types, application rate, and time of application. In a trial on 4-ha plots with three replicates, M. flavoviride mycoinsecticide application to H. daganensis nymphs resulted in field population reductions of 70% after 14 days. In samples incubated in cages, mortality was higher in the samples taken 3 or 7 days after application than in the sample taken immediately after application, indicating the possibility of residual pick-up compared with direct spray impact in this environment. Significant mortality was still being observed in samples collected 37 days after application; to investigate this further, a method for bioassaying the spore load in the field was developed and used to monitor the spore load in the field. The possibility that the results indicate the occurrence of secondary infections resulting from horizontal transmission of M. flavoviride is discussed.

scholarly journals Post-emergence selectivity of metribuzin to carrot

Revista CERES ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-320
Author(s):  
Núbia Maria Correia ◽  
Agnaldo Donizete Ferreira de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Two Stages

ABSTRACT When selecting a weed chemical treatment (herbicide, product mixtures, dose, or application timing), an important issue to consider is its selectivity to the crop of commercial interest. The objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of the herbicide metribuzin to carrot plants as a function of genotype, dose, and plant growth stage at the time of application. Two experiments were carried out, one in a greenhouse and another in the field. The greenhouse experiment was arranged in a completely randomized, 5 x 2 x 3 factorial design, with four replications. Metribuzin doses (0, 72, 96, 144, and 192 g ha-1) were sprayed on plants with 2-3 and 4-5 true leaves of the cultivars Maestro, BRS Planalto, and Verano. Cultivar Maestro was cultivated in the field in a 2 x 5 factorial experiment in randomized complete block design, with four replications. Carrot plants, at two stages of development (2 and 5 true leaves), were sprayed with the same doses of metribuzin applied in the greenhouse experiment. Metribuzin, regardless of application time and dose tested, was selective for cultivars BRS Planalto and Verano (greenhouse) and Maestro (both greenhouse and field), without reduction in quality and yield of roots.

Soybean (Glycine Max) Tolerance and Sicklepod (Cassia Obtusifolia) Control with AC 263,222

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Griffin ◽  
Daniel B. Reynolds ◽  
P. Roy Vidrine ◽  
Stacey A. Bruff
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Ac 263,222

In field studies conducted under weed-free conditions, soybean yield was not adversely affected with POST applications of AC 263,222 at 18 g ha−1. At 36 g ha−1, soybean height at maturity was reduced in three of five studies and soybean yield in two of five studies. Application of 9 g ha−1of AC 263,222 to sicklepod at cotyledon to four-leaf (early POST) or at a maximum size of five-leaf (late POST) provided 30 to 48% control. Control was 54 to 73% with AC 263,222 at 9 g ha−1applied early POST followed by late POST. Regardless of application rate or timing, sicklepod control with AC 263,222 generally was inferior to the standard treatments of pendimethalin plus imazaquin PPI followed by imazaquin late POST or pendimethalin PPI and metribuzin PRE followed by chlorimuron late POST. Compared with the weed-free check, soybean yield was reduced when AC 263,222 was applied at 9 g ha−1early POST followed by late POST in one of two studies and in two of three studies when applied at 18 g ha−1early POST.

Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) Control as Affected by Application Timing of Glufosinate Applied Alone or Mixed with Graminicides

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-279
Author(s):  
Amber N. Eytcheson ◽  
Daniel B. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Control Applications ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Variable Control ◽  
Timing Data ◽  
Control Response

AbstractField and greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the antagonism potential of glufosinate applied sequentially or mixed with graminicides on barnyardgrass control. Applications of glufosinate alone provided variable control throughout the growing season in both field and greenhouse experiments. In the field, barnyardgrass control was not adversely affected by glufosinate- and clethodim-mix applications or sequential applications of glufosinate before or after clethodim. Soybean yield was not affected by application timing or clethodim rate, with yield ranging from 1,748 to 2,733 kg ha−1. In the greenhouse, glufosinate applied 1 and 3 d before graminicides generally reduced barnyardgrass control compared with the graminicides applied alone. The response with quizalofop-P was not as dramatic as with the other graminicides. Although significant visual barnyardgrass control differences were detected due to application timing of glufosinate, barnyardgrass biomass with fluazifop-P and quizalofop-P did not differ between the application timings of glufosinate. However, glufosinate applied 1 and 3 d before clethodim had significantly greater biomass compared with glufosinate applied 1 and 3 d after clethodim. The differences in environmental conditions and growth stages at the time of application may have contributed to barnyardgrass control response differences between the field and greenhouse experiments. Although barnyardgrass control in the field was not affected by glufosinate application timing, data from the greenhouse indicate potential exists for reduced control if glufosinate is applied 1 or 3 d before graminicides.

Management of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in 2,4-D–, glufosinate-, and glyphosate-resistant soybean

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Chandrima Shyam ◽  
Parminder S. Chahal ◽  
Amit J. Jhala ◽  
Mithila Jugulam
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Chlorimuron Ethyl ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Herbicide Programs ◽  
Biomass Reduction

Abstract Glyphosate-resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth is a problematic, annual broadleaf weed in soybean production fields in Nebraska and many other states in the United States. Soybean resistant to 2,4-D, glyphosate, and glufosinate (Enlist E3TM) has been developed and was first grown commercially in 2019. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effect of herbicide programs applied PRE, PRE followed by (fb) late-POST (LPOST), and early-POST (EPOST) fb LPOST on GR Palmer amaranth control, density, and biomass reduction, soybean injury, and yield. Field experiments were conducted near Carleton, NE, in 2018, and 2019 in a grower’s field infested with GR Palmer amaranth in 2,4-D–, glyphosate-, and glufosinate-resistant soybean. Sulfentrazone + cloransulam-methyl, imazethapyr + saflufenacil + pyroxasulfone, and chlorimuron ethyl + flumioxazin + metribuzin applied PRE provided 84% to 97% control of GR Palmer amaranth compared with the nontreated control 14 d after PRE. Averaged across herbicide programs, PRE fb 2,4-D and/or glufosinate, and sequential application of 2,4-D or glufosinate applied EPOST fb LPOST resulted in 92% and 88% control of GR Palmer amaranth, respectively, compared with 62% control with PRE-only programs 14 d after LPOST. Reductions in Palmer amaranth biomass followed the same trend; however, Palmer amaranth density was reduced 98% in EPOST fb LPOST programs compared with 91% reduction in PRE fb LPOST and 76% reduction in PRE-only programs. PRE fb LPOST and EPOST fb LPOST programs resulted in an average soybean yield of 4,478 and 4,706 kg ha−1, respectively, compared with 3,043 kg ha−1 in PRE-only programs. Herbicide programs evaluated in this study resulted in no soybean injury. The results of this research illustrate that herbicide programs are available for the management of GR Palmer amaranth in 2,4-D–, glyphosate-, and glufosinate-resistant soybean.

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