Dissipation of Clomazone, Imazapyr, and Imazapic Herbicides in Paddy Water under Two Rice Flood Management Regimes

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Schreiber ◽  
Ananda Scherner ◽  
Joseph H. Massey ◽  
Renato Zanella ◽  
Luis A. Avila
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Paddy Water ◽  
Management Regimes ◽  
Rice Irrigation

Information on the dissipation of clomazone, imazapyr, and imazapic in paddy water under different irrigation system is not available in the literature. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of two irrigation systems (intermittent (IF) and continuous (CF) flood) on the dissipation of clomazone, imazapyr, and imazapic in paddy water. Imazapic was the least persistent herbicide in paddy water, with DT50-values of approximately 3 and 5d under CF and IF, respectively. Imazapyr required a two-fold increase in time to reach its half-life in water in contrast to imazapic, with DT50-values of approximately 6 and 11d under CF and IF, respectively. Clomazone showed the highest DT50-values, varying between 7 to 21d under CF and IF, respectively. Imazapyr and imazapic dissipation was faster under CF, while clomazone was not affected. This investigation found that the dissipation behaviors of herbicides vary under different rice irrigation regimes. Thus changes in irrigation management, as will be required to produce more rice grain with less water to avoid future scarcity, should consider impacts of flood management on herbicide persistence and environmental behavior.

On the Applicability of “Provision-Appropriation” Theory to Irrigation Management: An Analysis Based on Institutional Change in the Dongping Irrigation Area

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-99
Author(s):  
Chen Jing ◽  
Kan Shizuan ◽  
Tong Zhihui
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Change ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Site Investigations ◽  
Current State ◽  
System Sustainability

AbstractThis paper, based on historical research on irrigation administration in the Dongping area and on-site investigations into its current state, explores the benefits and problems produced by two institutional changes. As a common pool resource situation, irrigation systems’ “provision” and “appropriation” are two separate issues; any institutional change must thus offer two different solutions. The study concludes that the participatory changes undertaken in the Dongping irrigation area failed, in the end, to resolve the problem of irrigation system sustainability. In particular, it proved difficult for collective action to take place around provision, which led to difficulties in operating the irrigation system.

scholarly journals Nepal: Food Security, a Localized Institutional Irrigation Perspective on Public Irrigation Systems

2012 ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Upendra Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
Social Insecurity ◽  
The Government ◽  
Agriculture Extension

Oriental philosophers have given top priority to food for orderly state affairs as well as personal wellbeing. In past, Nepal had a strong agricultural economy based on indigenous Farmer Managed Irrigation System (FMIS). State policy helped promote these systems. But contemporary Nepal opted for state control on irrigation water by building large scale public irrigation systems. In the last 43 years of planned development (1957-2002), the government has spent 70% of US$1.3 billion on these systems, covering 30% of the irrigated area in the country; the remaining 70% is with the FMIS. Despite the investment, these systems neither promoted themselves as an enterprise nor helped enhance agricultural productivity leading to social insecurity. This social insecurity is reflected in the country's increasing import of food, mass workforce exodus for employment abroad, and added socio-economic vulnerability due to climate change.Donor and government recommendations centered on (i) expansion of irrigated area, (ii) irrigation management transfer, and (iii) agriculture extension seem to have failed in Nepal. These failures asked for alternative institutional development solutions, whereas public irrigation systems are (i) localized to establish system's operational autonomy with ownership and governance, (ii) treated as a rich resource-base with water, land and labor, and (iii) recognized as cooperative enterprise of local stakeholders by law with authorities to enter into joint actions with relevant partners for promoting commercialization and environmental quality of irrigated agriculture.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v11i1.7223 Hydro Nepal Special Issue: Conference Proceedings 2012 pp.95-99

scholarly journals PELAKSANAAN PELAYANAN PUBLIK DI BIDANG PENGAIRAN IRIGASI PERTANIAN DI KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR DI TINJAU DARI UNDANG¬-UNDANG NOMOR 17 TAHUN 2019 TENTANG SUMBER DAYA AIR

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-94
Author(s):  
Zulhadi Lalu
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Irrigation Performance ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Irrigation Development ◽  
Problems And Solutions

Irrigation facilities is one of the key factors in farming, especially for food crop farming, including rice. A smallscale irrigation system has an area of less than 500 hectares, and it is the backbone of family food security which in turn will lead to national food security. Damage irrigation system networks will threaten food production increase. In the future, irrigation infrastructure must be better managed so that agricultural sector can realize agricultural diversification, conserve wider irrigation system and maintain local wisdom and social capital in irrigation management. The objective of the paper is to analyze performance, problems and solutions of small irrigation systems in Indonesia, including small irrigation concepts and understanding, small irrigation performance and development, small irrigation development policies, factors affecting smallscale irrigation development, investments, and prospects. The paper also compares various performances, problems and solutions of small irrigation systems in other countries. Small scale irrigation performance is often better than large-scale irrigation, in the sense of water availability throughout the year and equitable water distribution for all service areas

Representing ancient southern Mesopotamia irrigated landscapes in an agent-based model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dengxiao Lang ◽  
Maurits W. Ertsen
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Agent Based Model ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Primary Canal ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Different Levels

<p>In order to explore possibilities of mimicking the operation of an irrigation system under varied scenarios, the authors have designed the Irrigation-Related Agent-Based Model (IRABM), providing a platform for integrating human and non-human agents (water managers, farmers, barley, river, canals, and gates) together and analyzing the interactions among these agents. IRABM illustrates how barley yields respond to varied irrigation strategies and how patterns of yields vary among the levels of individual farmers, canals, and the whole irrigation system. The model proves how this type of theoretically and empirically informed computer model can be used to develop new insights into studying and simulating interactions between individuals and their environment in an irrigation system. Furthermore, it demonstrates how and why irrigation and yield patterns can emerge from changing actions.</p><p>One of the applications of the model will be for ancient Southern Mesopotamia, the pluvial land between the two rivers Euphrates and Tigris. Our knowledge of irrigation management and irrigated-landscapes in southern Mesopotamia fairly scant due to lack of data, but also because attention for the details of irrigation management has been ignored in archaeological analysis to date. IRABM offers options to synchronize the general features of irrigation systems to the specifics of Mesopotamia. How to represent ancient Mesopotamia in IRABM is the key question we address in this paper.</p><p>Given the low precipitation, the available water in Mesopotamia’s watercourses for cultivation was vital. This prompted the establishment of irrigated agriculture, leading to its sophisticated irrigation systems over time. Management of irrigation activities is both related to water volumes in the different (levels of) water courses, and to the size of a system. Because of the expanding Mesopotamian society, and this its irrigated areas, the unpredictable water availability, and the threat of water scarcity during the crop growing period, coordinating issues were critical.</p><p>How to present ancient Mesopotamian irrigation systems in IRABM and how to fully explore the temporal and spatial coordination issues is our current challenge. Using the standard composition of irrigation systems in the primary canal, secondary canals, and tertiary canals, we can draft sizes of these levels. The cultivated size of agricultural land varied among the different levels of canals. Generally, the primary canal would supply 5 to 6 villages, while the second and tertiary canals might irrigate land in 2 to 3 villages and 1 village, respectively. The main crops were winter crops (barley and wheat). The water regimes of the two rivers are characterized by great, rather unpredictable fluctuations that do not coincide with winter crops.</p><p>This presentation will discuss how the data on ancient Mesopotamian irrigation (including water availability in rivers, canals, and fields, and surface areas of irrigated landscapes) can be meaningfully included in an ABM that allows studying how small/short processes contribute to large-scale patterns and processes occurring in irrigation systems.</p>

scholarly journals Irigasi Kecil: Kinerja, Masalah, dan Solusinya

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Tri Bastuti Purwantini ◽  
Rita Nur Suhaeti
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Irrigation Performance ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Irrigation Development ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
Small Scale Irrigation

<p>Irrigation facilities is one of the key factors in farming, especially for food crop farming, including rice. A small-scale irrigation system has an area of less than 500 hectares, and it is the backbone of family food security which in turn will lead to national food security. Damage irrigation system networks will threaten food production increase. In the future, irrigation infrastructure must be better managed so that agricultural sector can realize agricultural diversification, conserve wider irrigation system and maintain local wisdom and social capital in irrigation management. The objective of the paper is to analyze performance, problems and solutions of small irrigation systems in Indonesia, including small irrigation concepts and understanding, small irrigation performance and development, small irrigation development policies, factors affecting smallscale irrigation development, investments, and prospects. The paper also compares various performances, problems and solutions of small irrigation systems in other countries. Small scale irrigation performance is often better than large-scale irrigation, in the sense of water availability throughout the year and equitable water distribution for all service areas.</p><p> </p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Sarana irigasi merupakan faktor penting dalam usaha tani khususnya tanaman pangan. Sistem irigasi kecil dengan luas oncoran kurang dari 500 ha merupakan tulang punggung ketahanan pangan keluarga yang pada gilirannya bermuara pada ketahanan pangan tingkat nasional. Kerusakan jaringan sistem irigasi akan mengancam peningkatan produksi pangan. Di masa yang akan datang, infrastruktur irigasi harus dikelola secara lebih baik agar sektor pertanian dapat mewujudkan diversifikasi pertanian, semakin luasnya konservasi sistem irigasi, serta kearifan lokal dan modal sosial dalam pengelolaan irigasi dapat terpelihara. Tulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis kinerja, masalah dan solusi sistem irigasi kecil di Indonesia, termasuk konsep dan pengertian irigasi kecil, kinerja dan perkembangan irigasi kecil, kebijakan pengembangan irigasi kecil, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengembangan investasi irigasi kecil, dan prospek pengembangan irigasi kecil. Dalam tulisan ini juga dibandingkan berbagai kinerja, masalah dan solusi dari sistem irigasi kecil di negera-negara lain. Kinerja irigasi kecil seringkali lebih baik dari irigasi skala besar, dalam arti ketersediaan air sepanjang tahun dan terdapat keadilan pembagian air untuk seluruh wilayah oncorannya.</p>

SUBSTANTIATION OF EVALUATION CRITERIA FOR OVERALL FUNCTIONING EFFICIENCY OF UKRAINIAN DANUBE RICE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Anatoly Rokochynskyy ◽  
Sergey Mendus ◽  
Turchenyuk Basil
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Rice Irrigation ◽  
Rotation Culture ◽  
Overall Functioning

The paper presents the results of studies the efficiency of the Danube rice irrigation systems south of Ukraine on the basis of appropriate analysis of productivity leading rice rotation culture - the culture of rice. Substantiated a set of indicators covering different aspects of the complex process of formation of a crop of rice crop, with the aim of improving and optimizing the management of rice irrigation system in compliance with the modern ecological and economic requirements.

scholarly journals Modeling and forecasting of groundwater regime for rice systems as one of the main indicators of ameliorative state of the territory

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
K. V. Dudchenko ◽  
T. M. Petrenko ◽  
O. I. Flinta ◽  
M. M. Datsuk
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Ground Water Level ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Rice Irrigation ◽  
Groundwater Regime ◽  
Production Conditions

Relevance of research. An important factor of the formation of the soil state of modern rice irrigation systems is water-salt, nutrient and groundwater regimes. Ground water level is one of the indicators of the technical state of rice irrigation systems. Direct correlative dependence of rice yield on the ameliorative state of the field is proved by many researchers. Maintaining of soil fertility when growing rise at a constant level is ensured by sustentation of the ground water level not less than 1,5 m from the surface in the inter-vegetation period. Measures to combat flooding in the territory are developed based on monitoring dates. GIS technologies should be used to quickly perform the assessment of conditions when man-made factors change. Objective of research is to develop the forecast models of the mail indicators of the hydro-ameliorative state of rice irrigation systems, particularly for ground water levels, for saving their fertility and increasing their efficiency. Research methods. Mathematical-statistical, comparative and retrospective methods were used for analyzing the data base. The data from the Kakhovska hydrogeological and reclamation section of the Lower Dnieper BWMA as well as the data of own research over 28- year observations were used for model developing. The model of groundwater regime for the conditions of rice irrigation system was developed using the method of three-parameters smoothing, which takes into account seasonal fluctuations, in the program Statistica 10.0. The forecast was made for the period of 5 years for every month. The forecast models were developed for the experimental and production conditions. Results. The difference in groundwater level during a year at rice irrigation systems ranges from 0,5 to 1,0 m from the surface. Maximum actual value of ground water level in experimental conditions was 4,25 m from the surface, minimum actual value was 0,15 m from the surface during the research period and they did not differ much from the model values. The sampling interval was 4,19 m for the actual data and 3,88 m for the model. Close relation between the model of ground water regime for experimental conditions and the actual data is confirmed by the correlation coefficient 0,96. The forecast of ground water regime of rice irrigation system for the experimental conditions shows that the groundwater level will decrease in the period of 2019-2024 years and will vary in the range of 1,20-2,23 m from the surface. Maximum actual value of ground water level in the production conditions was 3,78 m from the surface, minimum one was 1,39 m from surface. Model data do not much differ from the actual values. The reliability of the developed model of ground water regime for the production conditions of rice irrigation systems is confirmed by the correlation coefficient 0,96. The forecast model of the groundwater regime developed for production conditions shows that the indicator will increase in the period of 2018-2023 years and will change in the range of 2,13-2,85 m from the surface. Conclusions. Forecast modeling of ground water regime of rice irrigation systems shows that ground water level will be deeper than 2,0 m from surface in inter-vegetation period in experimental and production conditions. The results of forecasting have proved that it is unlikely the occurrence of negative soil process due to ground water regime and a good hydrogeological-ameliorative state of experimental and production rice irrigation systems during the forecast period.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WATER USE PLAN PROCEDURES, MEASURES AND WATER USE

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Matluba Muxammadiyeva ◽  
◽  
Iftixor Ergashev
Keyword(s):  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Point Pressure ◽  
A Performance

If we look at the existing irrigation methods used today in the country, then they are divided into: ground, rainfall, underground or underground, drip and spray. Basically, they are transferred to the irrigation field in two forms: through gravity and pressure irrigation systems. Naturally, a gravity irrigation system is economically more expensive than a low pressure irrigation system. However, from a performance appraisal stand point, pressure irrigation methods are less efficient and have serious disadvantages

Uphoff Norman, Priti Ramamurthy, and Roy Steiner. Managing Irrigation: Analysing and Improving the Performance of Bureaucracies. New Delhi/Newbury Park/London: Sage Publications. 1991. Hardbound. Price not given.

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-228
Author(s):  
Zakir Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Performance Criterion ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Irrigation Performance ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Resource Mobilisation ◽  
Management Issues

The book; under review provides a valuable account of the issues and factors in managing the irrigation system, and presents a lucid and thorough discussion on the performance of the irrigation bureaucracies. It comprises two parts: the first outlines the factors affecting irrigation performance under a wide range of topics in the first five chapters. In Chapter One, the authors have attempted to assess the performance of the irrigation bureaucracies, conceptualise irrigation management issues, and build an empirical base for analysis while drawing upon the experience of ten country cases in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The Second Chapter focuses on the variations in the management structures identified and the types of irrigation systems; and it defines the variables of the management structures. The activities and objectives of irrigation management are discussed in Chapter Three. The objectives include: greater production and productivity of irrigation projects; improved water distribution; reduction in conflicts; greater resource mobilisation and a sustained system performance. The authors also highlight the performance criterion in this chapter. They identify about six contextual factors which affect the objectives and the performance of irrigation, which are discussed in detail in Chapter Four. In Chapter Five, some organisational variables, which would lead to improvements in irrigation, are examined.

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