Assessment of New Herbicide Programs for Cowpea Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-283
Author(s):  
Christopher E. Rouse ◽  
Nilda Roma-Burgos ◽  
Leopoldo E. Estorninos ◽  
Teal M. Penka
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Specialty Crop ◽  
Southern Us ◽  
Herbicide Programs ◽  
Crop Stand

Cowpea is a major specialty crop in the southern US. In recent years, no new herbicide programs have been evaluated for cowpea despite additional herbicide registrations. Studies were conducted from 2014 to 2016 at Fayetteville and Kibler, Arkansas to assess new herbicide programs for cowpea production. The herbicide programs included: three commercial standard programs; fomesafen (PPL, 0.21 kgha−1)-, flumioxazin (PPL, 0.21 kgha−1)-, and halosulfuron (PPL, 0.054 kgha−1)-based programs with or withoutS-metolachlor (1.12 kgha−1) fb imazethapyr (0.07 kgha−1); and two sets of sulfentrazone (PPL/PRE)-based programs applied alone (0.21 kgha−1) or as a pre-mixture with carfentrazone (0.11 kgha−1+0.01 kgha−1) with or withoutS-metolachlor (1.12 kgha−1). The sulfentrazone-based programs included POST applications of imazethapyr fb sethoxydim (0.32 kgha−1) or fluthiacet-methyl (0.0067 kgha−1) and sethoxydim as necessary. In 2014 and 2015, crop stand loss was minimal and crop injury was generally low (<20%). Weed control from sulfentrazone- and flumioxazin-based programs was excellent (>90%). In 2016, with heavy rainfall around planting time, sulfentrazone-containing programs reduced cowpea yield 45% to 60%. Flumioxazin-based programs caused >85% injury at Kibler early-season, which lasted until harvest. Heavy rainfall also reduced efficacy of residual herbicides. In general, the sulfentrazone- and flumioxazin-based treatments consistently yielded similar to the weed-free controls. The majority of the programs had <60% weed control in Fayetteville early in the season. POST herbicides improved weed control to >90% in most treatments. Palmer amaranth and annual grass control was generally better in Kibler, with >80% control at harvest. Sulfentrazone is registered for cowpea and is effective on Palmer amaranth, but growers need to be careful about where and when to use it. Flumioxazin should be considered for registration in cowpea once its use pattern and location-specific recommendations are well defined.

scholarly journals Time of Day Effects on Peanut Herbicide Efficacy

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-181
Author(s):  
O.W. Carter ◽  
E.P. Prostko
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Dactyloctenium Aegyptium ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
And Control ◽  
Herbicide Programs

ABSTRACT Recent research on the effects of time of d (TOD) when glufosinate is applied to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and several protoporphyrinogen-inhibiting herbicides in soybean (Glycine max L.) has growers concerned about potential TOD effects on peanut weed control. Consequently, research was conducted in 2015, 2016, and 2017 to determine if TOD influences the performance of peanut herbicides acifluorfen, bentazon, imazapic, lactofen, paraquat, and 2,4-DB. Both non- (bare-ground) and in-crop (peanut) studies were conducted. For non-crop, paraquat plus bentazon plus acifluorfen plus S-metolachlor, imazapic plus S-metolachlor plus 2,4-DB, and lactofen plus S-metolachlor plus 2,4-DB were applied to Palmer amaranth and a non-uniform mixture of annual grasses including Urochloa texana (Buckley), Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.), Eleusine indica (L.), Digitaria spp. at 7:00, 12:00, 17:00, and 22:00 hr. For in-crop studies, two peanut weed control programs were used and herbicide programs were applied at the same TOD. Herbicides were paraquat plus acifluorfen plus bentazon plus S-metolachlor (EPOST) followed by imazapic plus S-metolachlor plus 2,4-DB, or lactofen plus S-metolachlor plus 2,4-DB (POST). For the non-crop studies, a significant interaction between TOD and herbicide program was observed for the 7 d after treatment (DAT) rating of Palmer amaranth control. Control was reduced with imazapic applied at 22:00 hr. At 14 DAT, there was no TOD effect and control was reduced with all imazapic treatments due to ALS resistance. There was no interaction between TOD and herbicide program for annual grass control. Annual grass control was unacceptable (&lt;50%) with lactofen. For in-crop studies, there was no interaction between TOD or herbicide program. Peanut injury was lower at 7:00 hr and 22:00 hr when compared to other timings. Lactofen was more injurious to peanut than imazapic. Palmer amaranth control was not influenced by timing or herbicide program. A reduction in sicklepod control was observed at the 22:00 hr timing and with lactofen. While TOD influenced peanut injury and weed control, peanut yield was not affected.

Annual weed management in isoxaflutole-resistant soybean using a two-pass weed control strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 411-425
Author(s):  
Andrea Smith ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Allan J. Kaastra ◽  
David C. Hooker ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
The One ◽  
Herbicide Programs

AbstractTransgenic crops are being developed with herbicide resistance traits to expand innovative weed management solutions for crop producers. Soybean with traits that confer resistance to the hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase herbicide isoxaflutole is under development and will provide a novel herbicide mode of action for weed management in soybean. Ten field experiments were conducted over 2 years (2017 and 2018) on five soil textures with isoxaflutole-resistant soybean to evaluate annual weed control using one- and two-pass herbicide programs. The one-pass weed control programs included isoxaflutole plus metribuzin, applied PRE, at a low rate (52.5 + 210 g ai ha−1), medium rate (79 + 316 g ai ha−1), and high rate (105 + 420 g ai ha−1); and glyphosate applied early postemergence (EPOST) or late postemergence (LPOST). The two-pass weed control programs included isoxaflutole plus metribuzin, applied PRE, followed by glyphosate applied LPOST, and glyphosate applied EPOST followed by LPOST. At 4 weeks after the LPOST application, control of common lambsquarters, pigweed species, common ragweed, and velvetleaf was variable at 25% to 69%, 49% to 86%, and 71% to 95% at the low, medium, and high rates of isoxaflutole plus metribuzin, respectively. Isoxaflutole plus metribuzin at the low, medium, and high rates controlled grass species evaluated (i.e., barnyardgrass, foxtail, crabgrass, and witchgrass) 85% to 97%, 75% to 99%, and 86% to 100%, respectively. All two-pass weed management programs provided 98% to 100% control of all species. Weed control improved as the rate of isoxaflutole plus metribuzin increased. Two-pass programs provided excellent, full-season annual grass and broadleaf weed control in isoxaflutole-resistant soybean.

Evaluation of Herbicide Programs for Use in a 2,4-D–Resistant Soybean Technology for Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri)

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ryan Miller ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Soil Seedbank ◽  
High Level ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Two separate field experiments were conducted over a 2-yr period in Fayetteville, AR, during 2012 and 2013 to (1) evaluate POST herbicide programs utilizing a premixture of dimethylamine (DMA) salt of glyphosate + choline salt of 2,4-D in a soybean line resistant to 2,4-D, glyphosate, and glufosinate and (2) determine efficacy of herbicide programs that begin with PRE residual herbicides followed by POST applications of 2,4-D choline + glyphosate DMA on glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth. In the first experiment, POST applications alone that incorporated the use of residual herbicides with the glyphosate + 2,4-D premixture provided 93 to 99% control of Palmer amaranth at the end of the season. In the second experiment, the use of flumioxazin, flumioxazin + chlorimuron methyl, S-metolachlor + fomesafen, or sulfentrazone + chloransulam applied PRE provided 94 to 98% early-season Palmer amaranth control. Early-season control helped maintain a high level of Palmer amaranth control throughout the growing season, in turn resulting in fewer reproductive Palmer amaranth plants present at soybean harvest compared to most other treatments. Although no differences in soybean yield were observed among treated plots, it was evident that herbicide programs should begin with PRE residual herbicides followed by POST applications of glyphosate + 2,4-D mixed with residual herbicides to minimize late-season escapes and reduce the likelihood of contributions to the soil seedbank. Dependent upon management decisions, the best stewardship of this technology will likely rely on the use multiple effective mechanisms of action incorporated into a fully integrated weed management system.

scholarly journals The Influence of Nozzle Type on Peanut Weed Control Programs

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.W. Carter ◽  
E.P. Prostko ◽  
J.W. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Target Movement ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Auxin Herbicides ◽  
Nozzle Type

ABSTRACT The increase in herbicide-resistant weeds over the past decade has led to the introduction of crops that are resistant to auxin herbicides. Strict application procedures are required for the use of auxin herbicides in auxin-resistant crops to minimize off-target movement. One requirement for application is the use of nozzles that will minimize drift by producing coarse droplets. Generally, an increase in droplet size can lead to a reduction in coverage and efficacy depending upon the herbicide and weed species. In studies conducted in 2015 and 2016, two of the potential required auxin nozzle types [(AIXR11002 (coarse) and TTI11002 (ultra-coarse)] were compared to a conventional flat-fan drift guard nozzles [DG11002 (medium)] for weed control in peanut herbicide systems. Nozzle type did not influence annual grass or Palmer amaranth control in non-crop tests. Results from in-crop tests indicated that annual grass control was 5% to 6% lower when herbicides were applied with the TTI nozzle when compared to the AIXR or DG nozzles. However, Palmer amaranth control and peanut yield was not influenced by coarse-droplet nozzles. Peanut growers using the coarse-droplet nozzles need to be aware of potential reduced grass control.

scholarly journals Flumioxazin for Weed Control in Texas Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar ◽  
A. Edwin Colburn
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Abstract Field experiments were conducted in 1991 and 1993 to evaluate flumioxazin alone and in various herbicide programs for weed control in peanut. Flumioxazin alone provided inconsistent control of annual grasses, while the addition of pendimethalin or trifluralin improved control considerably. Pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa L.) and ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq.] control was &gt; 75% when flumioxazin was used alone. Flumioxazin caused early season peanut stunting with some recovery within 4 to 6 wk. Postemergence applications of imazethapyr or lactofen increased peanut stunting.

Herbicide, Leaf Type, and Row Spacing Response in Cotton

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 496-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Andries ◽  
A. G. Douglas ◽  
A. W. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Normal Leaf ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Leaf Type ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Herbicide Programs ◽  
Isogenic Strains

Near isogenic strains of okra, super okra and normal leaf cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were grown in rows spaced 25, 50, and 100 cm apart and were sprayed with various combinations of trifluralin (α,α,α,trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) and fluometuron [1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α,-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea]. Neither row spacing nor leaf type had any effect on early season weed control. Late season control was better with normal and okra leaf types than with the super okra leaf type. Weed control was significantly better with additional postemergence application of herbicides than with only preplant and preemergence applications. Although the cotton varied in opening date with herbicide programs there was no difference in total yield.

Carrot weed management programs without linuron herbicide

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 490-494
Author(s):  
Jed B. Colquhoun ◽  
Richard A. Rittmeyer ◽  
Daniel J. Heider
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Herbicide Programs

AbstractLinuron herbicide has been a mainstay of carrot weed management for years, but uncertainty around regulatory registration review and an increased prevalence of herbicide-resistant weeds have spurred interest in identifying alternatives that can be readily adopted in production. With this context in mind, herbicide programs were evaluated on a coarse-textured, low organic matter soil in 2015 and 2016. Season-long weed control without compromising yield was possible with weed management programs that included prometryn POST instead of linuron. With that said, a PRE herbicide such as pendimethalin was critical to establish an early-season competitive advantage for carrot plants over weeds, and careful attention should be paid to the prometryn rate, as selectivity is marginal. Carrot is often interseeded with a grain nurse crop to mitigate risk of wind erosion. Nurse crop injury was minimal where S-metolachlor, pendimethalin, or prometryn was applied at rates labeled for PRE use in carrot, with the exception of where prometryn was applied at rates above 1.1 kg ai ha−1.

Evaluation of Thiencarbazone-methyl– and Isoxaflutole-Based Herbicide Programs in Corn

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel O. Stephenson ◽  
Jason A. Bond
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Herbicide Programs ◽  
Weed Resistance

Field studies were conducted in Louisiana and Mississippi in 2009 and 2010 to evaluate PRE herbicide treatments containing isoxaflutole or a prepackaged mixture of thiencarbazone-methyl : isoxaflutole (TCM : isoxaflutole) for weed control in corn. PRE treatments included the premix of TCM : isoxaflutole alone (30 : 80 g ai ha−1) and with atrazine (1,120 g ai ha−1), isoxaflutole alone (90 g ai ha−1) and with atrazine (1,120 g ai ha−1), and the premix of atrazine plus S-metolachlor (1,820 plus 1,410 g ai ha−1). POST treatments included glufosinate (450 g ai ha−1) or glyphosate (870 g ae ha−1) applied to 30-cm corn along with a no POST treatment. All PRE treatments controlled barnyardgrass, entireleaf morningglory, rhizomatous johnsongrass, Palmer amaranth, and velvetleaf 87 to 95% 4 wk after planting (WAP) and browntop millet and hophornbeam copperleaf were controlled 86 to 95% 8 WAP. Weed control was improved 8 and 20 WAP when either POST treatment was applied. TCM : isoxaflutole plus atrazine controlled barnyardgrass, entireleaf morningglory, Palmer amaranth, and velvetleaf at least 90% 20 WAP regardless of POST treatment. TCM : isoxaflutole plus atrazine provided greater control of browntop millet (90%) than isoxaflutole alone or with atrazine and atrazine plus S-metolachlor where control was 86% 20 WAP. Pooled across POST treatments, all PRE treatments containing isoxaflutole or TCM : isoxaflutole controlled rhizomatous johnsongrass better (74 to 76%) than atrazine plus S-metolachlor (67%). Corn yield following herbicide treatments ranged from 9,280 to 11,040 kg ha−1 compared with 9,110 kg ha−1 for the nontreated. Results indicate that TCM : isoxaflutole or isoxaflutole PRE is an option for use in a corn weed management program and may prolong the use of atrazine where weed resistance may be an issue. Where rhizomatous johnsongrass is a problem, TCM : isoxaflutole or isoxaflutole PRE can provide better control than atrazine plus S-metolachlor PRE. Without PRE treatments, glufosinate or glyphosate was needed for season-long weed control.

Dicamba-Tolerant Soybean Combined Cover Crop to Control Palmer amaranth

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garret B. Montgomery ◽  
Angela T. McClure ◽  
Robert M. Hayes ◽  
Forbes R. Walker ◽  
Scott A. Senseman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Total Control ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Herbicide Programs ◽  
Crop Biomass

AbstractA study was conducted to evaluate the response of glyphosate- and dicamba-tolerant (GDT) soybean and weed control from cover crop different termination intervals before and after soybean planting. Cover crop biomass was highest when terminated at planting, decreased with the 7- and 14-d preplant (DPP) and day-after-planting (DAP) timings, and again at the 14 DPP and DAP timings. Glyphosate+dicamba provided total control of cover crops by 21 DAP. Cover crop termination timing did not influence soybean population or yield. Palmer amaranth control at the 21 and 28 d after termination (DAT) was 97% to 99%. Differences in Palmer amaranth control were not detected among herbicide programs or termination intervals at the end of season rating, and all treatments provided ≥97% control. Although differences in Palmer amaranth control were not apparent at the end of the season, the delay in cover crop affected the number of days until 10-cm Palmer amaranth was present. When utilizing a wheat+hairy vetch cover crop in DGT soybeans, producers should delay cover crop termination until 11 to 14 DPP and make at least one POST application of glyphosate+dicamba+an additional herbicide mode of action (MOA) to maximize Palmer amaranth control and soybean yields.

Influence of Herbicide Programs on Weed Management in Soybean with Resistance to Glufosinate and 2,4-D

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett D. Craigmyle ◽  
Jeffrey M. Ellis ◽  
Kevin W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Herbicide Programs ◽  
Large Crabgrass ◽  
Levels Of Control

A field experiment was conducted in Boone and Callaway counties in Missouri in 2010 and 2011 to investigate herbicide programs for the management of summer annual grass and broadleaf weeds in soybean resistant to 2,4-D and glufosinate. Results revealed that the addition of 0.56, 0.84, or 1.12 kg ha−1 2,4-D (amine) to either or both POST applications of glufosinate in a two-pass POST herbicide program increased control of common waterhemp compared to two POST applications of glufosinate alone. Similar levels of common cocklebur, giant foxtail, large crabgrass, and barnyardgrass control were achieved with any of the two-pass POST programs that contained 2,4-D compared to two-pass POST programs containing glufosinate alone. Similar control of these species was also achieved with the inclusion of 2,4-D in either the first or second pass of glufosinate. Two-pass programs resulted in the highest levels of weed control (90%). Annual grass and broadleaf weed control was as much as 59% lower when one-pass POST herbicide programs were compared to PRE followed by (fb) POST or two-pass POST programs. However, one-pass POST programs were sufficient to obtain exceptional control of common cocklebur and giant foxtail. Across all site years, soybean yields ranged from 2,680 to 3,100 kg ha−1 for all herbicide treatments, but did not differ statistically. Overall, results from these experiments indicate that compared to glufosinate alone, PRE fb POST or two-pass POST herbicide programs that incorporate 2,4-D amine with glufosinate in 2,4-D–resistant soybean enhance control of common waterhemp, while providing similar levels of control of other summer annual grass and broadleaf weeds.

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