Postemergence Weed Control in Onion with Bentazon, Flumioxazin, and Oxyfluorfen

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad M. Herrmann ◽  
Margaret A. Goll ◽  
Colin J. Phillippo ◽  
Bernard H. Zandstra
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Direct Seeded

Field experiments were conducted in 2008 and 2010 to determine crop tolerance and weed control efficacy of the POST herbicides bentazon, flumioxazin, and oxyfluorfen applied to direct-seeded dry bulb onions on organic soil. Postemergence application of oxyfluorfen at 0.071 kg ai ha−1resulted in less than 20% onion injury when applied at the 2 and 4 onion leaf stages and provided good control of ladysthumb and common lambsquarters. Oxyfluorfen EC caused slightly higher visual injury than oxyfluorfen SC, but there was no difference in onion yield among the treatments. Application of flumioxazin at 0.036 of 0.072 kg ai ha−1alone or in combination with pendimethalin ACS resulted in minimal onion injury and no yield reduction. Combining flumioxazin in a tank mix with pendimethalin EC, dimethenamid-P EC, orS-metolachlor EC resulted in significant onion injury and yield reduction. Flumioxazin plusS-metolachlor, dimethenamid-P, or pendimethalin improved ladysthumb control in one of two years. Bentazon applied at 0.56 kg ai ha−1produced moderate onion injury and did not control yellow nutsedge adequately. Bentazon applied at 1.12 kg ai ha−1provided good control of yellow nutsedge but caused serious onion injury and yield loss.

scholarly journals Weed Control and Radish (Raphanus sativus) Response to S-metolachlor on Organic Soils

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis C. Odero ◽  
Jose V. Fernandez ◽  
Nikol Havranek
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Root Crops

Field experiments were conducted to determine weed control and radish (Raphanus sativus) response to S-metolachlor on organic soil in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) using a dose–response bioassay. S-metolachlor was applied preemergence at 0.35, 0.7, 1.4, 2.8, 5.6, and 11.2 kg·ha−1. The rate of S-metolachlor required to provide 90% weed control (ED90) and result in 5% and 10% radish injury were determined by fitting a three-parameter log-logistic model. The ED90 values for common lambsquarters, spiny amaranth, and fall panicum control were 2.7, 1.6, and 1.2 kg·ha−1 of S-metolachlor, respectively, at 14 days after treatment (DAT). At 28 DAT, the ED90 values were 3.8, 1.9, and 1.5 kg·ha−1 of S-metolachlor, respectively. Injury on radish increased as S-metolachlor rates increased with maximum injury of 24% and 19% at 14 and 28 DAT, respectively. S-metolachlor at 2.1 and 3.1 kg·ha−1 at 14 DAT and 2.6 and 3.7 kg·ha−1 at 28 DAT would result in 5% and 10% radish injury, respectively. Radish yield decreased with increasing rates of S-metolachlor. At the proposed S-metolachlor use rate of 1.4 kg·ha−1 for root crops, radish yield was 80% of the weed-free yield probably resulting from competition from common lambsquarters, which was controlled 74%. These results show that preemergence S-metolachlor would provide effective control of spiny amaranth and fall panicum in radish on organic soils of the EAA at the proposed use rate for root crops while about three times the proposed use rate would be required to provide effective common lambsquarters control. This implies that infestation of common lambsquarters on radish fields on organic soils will not be effectively controlled by S-metolachlor at the proposed use rate resulting in yield reduction.

Weed control and crop tolerance with S-metolachlor in seeded summer squash and cucumber

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 849-856
Author(s):  
Thierry E. Besançon ◽  
Maggie H. Wasacz ◽  
Baylee L. Carr
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Summer Squash ◽  
Smooth Pigweed

AbstractResidual herbicides remain the primary tool for efficient weed control in cucurbit crops because of the lack of crop tolerance to many POST herbicide options. Field experiments were conducted in New Jersey in 2018 and 2019 to determine weed control efficacy and tolerance of direct-seeded cucumber ‘Python’ and summer squash ‘Gold Prize’ to S-metolachlor applied at 0.7 or 1.4 kg ai ha−1 at planting (PRE) or when crops reached the second- to third-leaf stage (EPOST). Regardless of applied rate, S-metolachlor PRE or EPOST provided 96% to 100% control 3 wk after planting (WAP) of smooth pigweed, large crabgrass, and giant foxtail. S-metolachlor PRE significantly improved American black nightshade and carpetweed control 3 WAP with respect to bensulide, and smooth pigweed with respect to clomazone + ethalfluralin. Summer squash showed excellent tolerance, regardless of S-metolachlor rate or timing of application, with stunting not exceeding 17% 4 WAP and 3% 7 WAP at the 1.4 kg ha−1 rate. Marketable yield decreased by 15% with S-metolachlor PRE or POST at 1.4 kg ha−1 with respect to clomazone + ethalfluralin, a reduction not noted when comparing with bensulide or the handweeded control. Marketable fruit number plant−1 and individual fruit weight were not affected by S-metolachlor applications. Conversely, cucumber was more sensitive to S-metolachlor than summer squash was with 30% seedling emergence reduction and 36% to 43% stunting 4 WAP when S-metolachlor was applied PRE at 1.4 kg ha−1. EPOST application resulted in 15% to 26% cucumber injury 1 wk after treatment. Marketable yield declined by 21% and 39% with the 0.7 and 1.4 kg ha−1 rates of S-metolachlor, respectively, compared with clomazone + ethalfluralin. Therefore, S-metolachlor may be a novel alternative to already labeled residual herbicides for summer squash, but unacceptable injury and yield reduction do not support its registration on cucumber.

scholarly journals Integrated Management of Weeds in Direct-Seeded Rice in Cambodia

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1557
Author(s):  
Robert Martin ◽  
Bunna Som ◽  
Joel Janiya ◽  
Ratha Rien ◽  
Sophea Yous ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Direct Seeded

The objective of this work was to determine the value of improved establishment methods and herbicide applications as alternatives to high seeding rates to improve weed suppression in rice. Field experiments were carried out in 2010 and 2011 to determine optimal seeding rates and seeding methods with and without weed competition in wet-seeded rice. Under wet seeding conditions, drum seeding at 80 kg ha−1 was the most profitable treatment for both weed-free and unweeded rice. Although pre-emergence herbicides are beginning to be adopted in wet-seeded rice, they are seldom used in dry direct-seeded rice in Cambodia. Experiments were carried out in 2018 and 2019 to test crop tolerance and the efficacy of butachlor, oxadiazon, pendimethalin and pretilachlor applied post-sowing and pre-emergence to dry direct-seeded rice. Oxadiazon and butachlor, with the option for a post-emergence herbicide, provided effective weed control and a high grain yield in dry direct-seeded rice. Pretilachlor did not effectively control weeds under dry seeding conditions. Although pendimethalin exhibited good weed control, crop damage was a risk in poorly prepared seedbeds which typify Cambodian rice systems. With an effective integrated weed management strategy, it might be possible to safely reduce seeding rates below 80 kg ha−1 using drum or drill seeding machines.

Weed Control in No-tillage and Conventional Corn (Zea mays) with ICIA-0051 and SC-0774

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Wilson ◽  
Chester L. Foy
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Giant Ragweed ◽  
Smooth Pigweed

Field studies were conducted over a four-year period to determine the weed control efficacy of ICIA-0051 and SC-0774 in no-tillage and conventional corn. Treatments consisted of both pre- and postemergence applications of ICIA-0051, alone and in combination with atrazine, and preemergence applications in combination with metolachlor. SC-0774 was applied preemergence, alone and in combination with atrazine. Results indicated good control of triazine-resistant (TR) smooth pigweed and other annual broadleaf weeds present with no adverse effects on crop vigor and yield with ICIA-0051. Generally, the addition of atrazine to ICIA-0051 improved weed control. SC-0774 provided good control of fall panicum, but generally poorer and less consistent control of giant ragweed, common ragweed, common lambsquarters, and ivyleaf and tall morningglory species.

Weed Management in Southeastern Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) with AC 263,222

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Richburg ◽  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
Daniel L. Colvin ◽  
Gerald R. Wiley
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Ac 263,222

Field experiments conducted at four locations in Georgia and two locations in Florida during 1992 and 1993 evaluated AC 263,222 application rates and timings, systems, and mixtures for weed control, peanut injury, and yield. All rates of AC 263,222 applied early POST (EPOST) or POST controlledIpomoeamorningglories and smallflower morningglory at least 90%, and purple and yellow nutsedge at least 81%. Florida beggarweed and sicklepod control generally was highest when metolachlor was applied PPI followed by AC 263,222 applied EPOST at 71 g/ha, AC 263,222 at 27 or 36 g/ha plus bentazon plus paraquat applied POST, or with bentazon plus paraquat applied EPOST followed by AC 263,222 applied POST at 36 or 53 g/ha. Acifluorfen and acifluorfen plus bentazon reduced Florida beggarweed and sicklepod control at several locations when applied in mixture with AC 263,222. Common ragweed and hairy indigo control were 85 to 95% with bentazon plus paraquat applied EPOST followed by AC 263,222 applied POST at 36 or 53 g/ha. Highest peanut yields were obtained with treatments providing high levels of weed control.

Annual weed management in isoxaflutole-resistant soybean using a two-pass weed control strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 411-425
Author(s):  
Andrea Smith ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Allan J. Kaastra ◽  
David C. Hooker ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
The One ◽  
Herbicide Programs

AbstractTransgenic crops are being developed with herbicide resistance traits to expand innovative weed management solutions for crop producers. Soybean with traits that confer resistance to the hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase herbicide isoxaflutole is under development and will provide a novel herbicide mode of action for weed management in soybean. Ten field experiments were conducted over 2 years (2017 and 2018) on five soil textures with isoxaflutole-resistant soybean to evaluate annual weed control using one- and two-pass herbicide programs. The one-pass weed control programs included isoxaflutole plus metribuzin, applied PRE, at a low rate (52.5 + 210 g ai ha−1), medium rate (79 + 316 g ai ha−1), and high rate (105 + 420 g ai ha−1); and glyphosate applied early postemergence (EPOST) or late postemergence (LPOST). The two-pass weed control programs included isoxaflutole plus metribuzin, applied PRE, followed by glyphosate applied LPOST, and glyphosate applied EPOST followed by LPOST. At 4 weeks after the LPOST application, control of common lambsquarters, pigweed species, common ragweed, and velvetleaf was variable at 25% to 69%, 49% to 86%, and 71% to 95% at the low, medium, and high rates of isoxaflutole plus metribuzin, respectively. Isoxaflutole plus metribuzin at the low, medium, and high rates controlled grass species evaluated (i.e., barnyardgrass, foxtail, crabgrass, and witchgrass) 85% to 97%, 75% to 99%, and 86% to 100%, respectively. All two-pass weed management programs provided 98% to 100% control of all species. Weed control improved as the rate of isoxaflutole plus metribuzin increased. Two-pass programs provided excellent, full-season annual grass and broadleaf weed control in isoxaflutole-resistant soybean.

Evaluating the EPA's Comparative Product Performance Testing Guidelines for Herbicides in Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-222
Author(s):  
Robin R. Bellinder ◽  
Marija Arsenovic ◽  
Jonathan J. Kirkwyland ◽  
Russell W. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Product Comparison

Following suggested guidelines developed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), comparative snap bean herbicide performance field trials were conducted from 1993 to 1995 in New York. Data were obtained on crop injury, weed control, and weed biomass, and crop yield, quality, and losses during harvest. Trifluralin, EPTC, and pendimethalin applied preplant incorporated (PPI) and applications of metolachlor applied preemergence (PRE) provided less than adequate control of redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters, and hairy galinsoga. Cultivation improved weed control with PPI and PRE applications. Metolachlor + fomesafen PRE provided good control of hairy galinsoga, adequate redroot pigweed control, and marginal control of common lambsquarters. Fomesafen applied postemergence (POST), combinations of metolachlor applied PRE with fomesafen or bentazon applied POST, and fomesafen + bentazon applied POST adequately controlled the three weed species without cultivation. Herbicide treatments had little measurable impact on snap bean quality or losses during harvest. Information from product comparison trials may be useful in developing recommendations for growers but may prove less than adequate in providing data necessary for a thorough evaluation of the relative benefits of individual herbicides as intended by EPA guidelines. Difficulties were encountered in following the guidelines, and costs of conducting the product comparison trials for a single crop in one growing region exceeded $90,000 over 3 yr.

Postemergence AC 263,222 Systems for Weed Control in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
John S. Richburg ◽  
Gerald L. Wiley ◽  
F. Robert Walls
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Ac 263,222 ◽  
Prickly Sida

Field studies in 1990 and 1991 at six locations in Georgia and one location in North Carolina evaluated AC 263,222 for weed control, peanut tolerance, and yield. AC 263,222 applied early postemergence at 71 g ai ha−1controlled bristly starbur, coffee senna, common lambsquarters,Ipomoeaspecies, prickly sida, sicklepod, smallflower morningglory, and yellow nutsedge at least 91%. AC 263,222 controlled common cocklebur 77% and Florida beggarweed from 47 to 100%. Crop injury was 4% for AC 263,222 applied once and 12% or less from two applications. Mixtures of bentazon with AC 263,222 did not improve control compared to AC 263,222 alone. Imazethapyr did not improve control of AC 263,222 systems. In several locations, bentazon reduced control of Florida beggarweed with AC 263,222 when applied in a mixture compared to AC 263,222 alone. Weed control from the standard of paraquat plus bentazon applied early postemergence followed by paraquat, bentazon plus 2,4-DB applied POST did not provide the level or spectrum of weed control as AC 263,222 systems.

Chemical Approaches for Improving Herbicide Selectivity and Crop Tolerance

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
pp. 24-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Stephenson ◽  
G. Ezra
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Important Crop ◽  
Herbicide Metabolism ◽  
Equal Efficacy

Combinations of antagonistic herbicides can be helpful in the search for seed-applied chemical safeners to protect crop plants from herbicide injury. If a particular herbicide combination is selectively antagonistic so that the crop is not injured but weed control efficacy is not reduced, it should be possible to develop a new, more selective formulation of the herbicide which includes the antagonist or antidote. A promising new approach involves the use of early pretreatments of crop plants with subtoxic levels of a particular herbicide to increase crop tolerance to later, higher rates of that herbicide. When there are different mechanisms for herbicide detoxification in different plant species, it should also be possible to develop selective herbicide synergists that would provide equal efficacy at lower rates with greater crop tolerance. As our knowledge of herbicide metabolism and mode of action develops, it will be increasingly possible to use other chemicals to selectively synergize or safen herbicides to solve problems in important crop-weed situations.

Efficacy and Economics of Cultivation for Weed Control in Potato (Solanum tuberosum)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte V. Eberlein ◽  
Paul E. Patterson ◽  
Mary J. Guttieri ◽  
Jeffrey C. Stark
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Hairy Nightshade ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
One Year ◽  
Control Net

A 3-year study was conducted in irrigated potato to compare weed control efficacy and economics of hilling plus one or two cultivations with the standard treatment of hilling plus a preemergence application of pendimethalin plus metribuzin. Trials were conducted under both weedy and weed-free conditions. Common lambsquarters and redroot pigweed were present in weedy treatments each year; significant populations of hairy nightshade and green foxtail also were present one year. When weed populations were low or moderate (< 45 plants/m2), total weed biomass in the hilling plus one cultivation treatment was reduced 98 to 99% relative to the weedy control, and U.S. No. 1 tuber yields were equal to the standard treatment. However, when weed populations were high (145 plants/m2), hilling plus one cultivation and hilling plus two cultivations provided only 30% and 61% reduction in weed biomass, respectively, and U.S. No. 1 tuber yields were 35% and 13% less, respectively, than the standard treatment. The standard treatment provided 99% reduction in total weed biomass each year, and yields were equal to the weed-free, hill plus no cultivation control. Net return was $37 to $100/ha higher for the hilling plus one cultivation treatment compared to the standard treatment when weed populations were moderate or low, but was $808/ha less than the standard treatment when weed populations were high.

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