Establishing the Ramgarh Training Center: The Burma Campaign, the Colonial Internment Camp, and the Wartime Sino-British Relations

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yin Cao
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Chinese American ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Training Center ◽  
British India ◽  
World War ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Internment Camp ◽  
War Of Resistance

Abstract This article investigates how the Chinese Expeditionary Force joined the Burma Campaign and retreated to India in 1942, and how the Chinese, American, and British authorities negotiated to determine the destiny of Chinese forces in India. This article argues that the choice of Ramgarh, a small town in northeast India, as the site of a training centre for the Chinese Expeditionary Force sheds light on a decades-long programme of colonial internment-camp building in British India, and illuminates the difficult relationship between Chinese and British authorities during World War II. In doing so, it also argues that the historiography of China's War of Resistance requires Southeast and South Asian perspectives.

Intertwined Itineraries: Debt, Decolonization, and International Law in Post-World War II South Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Kalyani Ramnath
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Law ◽  
South Asian ◽  
World War Two ◽  
British India ◽  
World War ◽  
Japanese Occupation ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Postwar Reconstruction ◽  
State Practice

This Article brings a Tamil-speaking Chettiar widow and a Dutch scholar of international law - two seemingly disparate characters - together through a footnote. Set against the background of decolonizing South and Southeast Asia in the aftermath of World War Two, it follows the judgment in a little-known suit for recovery of debt, filed at a district-level civil court in Madras in British India, which escaped the attention of local legal practitioners, but made its way into an international law treatise compiled and written in Utrecht, twenty years later. Instead of using it to trace how South Asian judiciaries interpreted international law, the Article looks at why claims to international law were made by ordinary litigants like Chettiar women in everyday cases like debt settlements, and how they became “evidence” of state practice for international law. These intertwined itineraries of law, that take place against the Japanese occupation of Burma and the Dutch East Indies and the postwar reconstruction efforts in Rangoon, Madras and Batavia, show how jurisdictional claims made by ordinary litigants form an underappreciated archive for histories of international law. In talking about the creation and circulation of legal knowledges, this Article argues that this involves thinking about and writing from footnotes, postscripts and marginalia - and the lives that are intertwined in them.

An Indian Town’s Entry into the Second World War: Holding Together the Congress Party and Training Chinese Soldiers in Wartime Raj

China Report ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-110
Author(s):  
Cao Yin
Keyword(s):  
Northeast India ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
National Narratives ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
War Of Resistance ◽  
Second World ◽  
India And China

During the Second World War, Ramgarh, a small town in northeast India, was the site of the 53rd Session of the Indian National Congress and the training centre for the Chinese Expeditionary Force. By uncovering the links between the two events and knitting them into the broader context of the Indian nationalist movement and China’s War of Resistance, this article tries to break down the hegemony of the Eurocentric national narratives of the history of the Second World War in India and China. In doing so, it provides an alternative way of writing an entangled history of India and China during the Second World War.

The Tank Master

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-61
Author(s):  
Jon B. Mikolashek
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
The United States ◽  
Training Center ◽  
World War

Patton, after transferring to the United States Tank Corps, is now the head of the nation’s first light tank school. He has yet to develop the reputation for training he will attain by 1938 and show in the lead-up to American entry into World War II. In many ways this position will be the most important in Patton’s career. How he performs will make or break his career. Patton selects the land for the tank school and begins to develop the training center and fight for more officers and soldiers. The tank school slowly builds a cadre of instructors and students, but a lack of tanks slows training.

A New Shahrazad

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-386
Author(s):  
Andrew Amstutz
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Middle East ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Travel Literature ◽  
British India ◽  
World War ◽  
British Imperialism ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Autobiographical Writing ◽  
History Of

Abstract In 1945, Mahmooda Rizvia, a prominent Urdu author from Sindh, published a travel account of her journey across the Arabian Sea from British India to Iraq during World War II. In her travel account, Rizvia conceptualized the declining British Empire as a dynamic space for Muslim renewal that connected India to the Middle East. Moreover, she fashioned a singular autobiographical persona as an Urdu literary pioneer and woman traveler in the Muslim lands of the British Empire. In her writings, Rizvia focused on her distinctive observations of the ocean, the history of the Ottoman Empire, and her home province of Sindh's location as a historical nexus between South Asia and the Middle East. In contrast to the expectations of modesty and de-emphasis on the self in many Muslim women's autobiographical narratives in the colonial era, Rizvia fashioned a pious, yet unapologetically self-promotional, autobiographical persona. In conversation with recent scholarship on Muslim cosmopolitanism, women's autobiographical writing, and travel literature, this article points to the development of an influential project of Muslim cosmopolitanism in late colonial Sindh that blurred the lines between British imperialism, pan-Islamic ambitions, and nationalism during the closing days of World War II.

Fleeing from firestorms: government, cities, native place associations and refugees in the Anti-Japanese War of Resistance

Urban History ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOBY LINCOLN
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Political Organizations ◽  
World War ◽  
Urban Identity ◽  
War Of Resistance ◽  
Native Place ◽  
Different Parts

ABSTRACT:This article explores the refugee experiences of three communities in Shanghai during the Japanese invasion of China in 1937. Social and political organizations worked together in different ways to send people safely back to different parts of China. I argue that this shows how migrant identities were trans-local and that urban identity in the first half of the twentieth century in China was never wholly confined within one city. Rather, networks of individuals and institutions worked together to handle the crisis caused by one of the most devastating invasions of World War II.

Protestantism in Twentieth-Century Chinese America: The Impact of Transnationalism on the Chinese Diaspora

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 121-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Tseng
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Chinese American ◽  
Chinese Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chinese Diaspora ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
American Protestantism ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Protestant Denominations

AbstractThis article examines how an indigenous form of evangelicalism became the predominant form of Chinese Protestantism in the United States since 1949. Chinese-American Protestantism was so thoroughly reconstructed by separatist immigrants from the Diaspora and American-born (or American-raised) evangelicals that affiliation with mainline Protestant denominations and organizations is no longer desired. This development has revitalized Chinese-American Protestantism. Indeed, Chinese evangelicalism is one of the fastest-growing religions in China, the Chinese Diaspora, and among Chinese in America. Though the percentage of Chinese Americans affiliated with Christianity is not nearly as high as that of Korean Americans, Chinese-American Protestantism has achieved impressive numeric growth over the past fifty years. Much of this growth can be attributed to the large number of Chinese who have migrated to North America since World War II.

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