scholarly journals Longitudinal Research at the Interface of Affective Neuroscience, Developmental Psychopathology, Health and Behavioral Genetics:Findings from the Wisconsin Twin Project – ERRATUM

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-425
Author(s):  
Nicole L. Schmidt ◽  
Rebecca J. Brooker ◽  
Ian C. Carroll ◽  
Jeffrey R. Gagne ◽  
Zhan Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Affective Neuroscience

scholarly journals Longitudinal Research at the Interface of Affective Neuroscience, Developmental Psychopathology, Health and Behavioral Genetics: Findings from the Wisconsin Twin Project

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole L. Schmidt ◽  
Rebecca J. Brooker ◽  
Ian C. Carroll ◽  
Jeffrey R. Gagne ◽  
Zhan Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Behavioral Genetics ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Affective Neuroscience ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Phenotypic Structure ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

AbstractThe Wisconsin Twin Project comprises multiple longitudinal studies that span infancy to early adulthood. We summarize recent papers that show how twin designs with deep phenotyping, including biological measures, can inform questions about phenotypic structure, etiology, comorbidity, heterogeneity, and gene–environment interplay of temperamental constructs and mental and physical health conditions of children and adolescents. The general framework for investigations begins with rich characterization of early temperament and follows with study of experiences and exposures across childhood and adolescence. Many studies incorporate neuroimaging and hormone assays.

scholarly journals Wisconsin Twin Project Overview: Temperament and Affective Neuroscience

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 794-799
Author(s):  
Nicole L. Schmidt ◽  
Kathryn Lemery-Chalfant ◽  
H. Hill Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Affective Neuroscience ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Environmental Assessments ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Birth Records ◽  
Early Recruitment

AbstractThe Wisconsin Twin Project encompasses nearly 30 years of longitudinal research that spans infancy to early adulthood. The twin sample was recruited from statewide birth records for birth cohorts 1989–2004. We summarize early recruitment, assessment, retention and recently completed twin neuroimaging studies. In addition to the focal twins, longitudinal data were also collected from two parents and nontwin siblings. Our adolescent and young adult neuroimaging sample (N = 600) completed several previous behavioral and environmental assessments, beginning shortly after birth. The extensive phenotyping is meant to support a range of empirical investigations with potentially differing theoretical perspectives.

scholarly journals Resilience in children: the nature and the importance of the concept

1998 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emory L. Cowen ◽  
Peter A. Wyman
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Wellness Enhancement ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Child Resilience

Considers the meaning of the term childhood resilience and the importance ofits place in the fields of developmental psychopathology and wellness enhancement. Reviews several major longitudinal research projects on childhood resilience that have contributed significantly to the field's emergence and presents more detailed information on the Rochester Child Resilience Project (RCRP). A final section summarizes accomplishments in resilience research to date, and identifies needed foci for future work in this area.

The Study of Developmental Psychopathology in Adolescence: Integrating Affective Neuroscience with the Study of Context

2015 ◽  
pp. 710-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Steinberg ◽  
Ronald Dahl ◽  
Daniel Keating ◽  
David J. Kupfer ◽  
Ann S. Masten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Affective Neuroscience

scholarly journals Emotional insecurity about the community: A dynamic, within-person mediator of child adjustment in contexts of political violence

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Mark Cummings ◽  
Christine Merrilees ◽  
Laura K. Taylor ◽  
Marcie Goeke-Morey ◽  
Peter Shirlow
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Child Adjustment ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Initial Time ◽  
Child Gender ◽  
Emotional Insecurity ◽  
Process Oriented

AbstractOver 1 billion children worldwide are exposed to political violence and armed conflict. The current conclusions are qualified by limited longitudinal research testing sophisticated process-oriented explanatory models for child adjustment outcomes. In this study, consistent with a developmental psychopathology perspective emphasizing the value of process-oriented longitudinal study of child adjustment in developmental and social–ecological contexts, we tested emotional insecurity about the community as a dynamic, within-person mediating process for relations between sectarian community violence and child adjustment. Specifically, this study explored children's emotional insecurity at a person-oriented level of analysis assessed over 5 consecutive years, with child gender examined as a moderator of indirect effects between sectarian community violence and child adjustment. In the context of a five-wave longitudinal research design, participants included 928 mother–child dyads in Belfast (453 boys, 475 girls) drawn from socially deprived, ethnically homogenous areas that had experienced political violence. Youth ranged in age from 10 to 20 years and were 13.24 (SD= 1.83) years old on average at the initial time point. Greater insecurity about the community measured over multiple time points mediated relations between sectarian community violence and youth's total adjustment problems. The pathway from sectarian community violence to emotional insecurity about the community was moderated by child gender, with relations to emotional insecurity about the community stronger for girls than for boys. The results suggest that ameliorating children's insecurity about community in contexts of political violence is an important goal toward improving adolescents' well-being and adjustment. These results are discussed in terms of their translational research implications, consistent with a developmental psychopathology model for the interface between basic and intervention research.

Reward Disruption in the Development of Depression

2019 ◽  
pp. 481-495
Author(s):  
Erika E. Forbes ◽  
Melynda D. Casement
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
The Self ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Affective Neuroscience ◽  
Reward Function ◽  
Adolescent Brain Development

While every major model of depression has proposed that positive affect is disrupted in the disorder, it is only recently that scientists have devoted their attention to disruption of the neural aspects of positive affect in depression. This attention is burgeoning, and accumulating evidence, including meta-analytic findings, supports reduced function in the ventral striatum, a basic and critical reward-related brain region. The disruption of positive affect and reward neural systems is particularly germane to adolescence, when reward systems undergo dramatic changes and depression onset is most likely to occur. This chapter provides a developmental psychopathology and affective neuroscience perspective on the disruption of positive emotions in depression by focusing on adolescent brain development, reward function, and depression. This work is extended to social context and development of the self, both of which are impacted by depression and both of which develop prominently in adolescence. These aspects of behavior share common neural substrates with depression, and disruption to their development by the experience of depression could compromise effective functioning during adulthood.

Partial least squares analysis in developmental psychopathology

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Ketterlinus ◽  
Fred L. Bookstein ◽  
Paul D. Sampson ◽  
Michael E. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Pls Analysis ◽  
Using Data

AbstractDespite extensive theoretical and empirical advances in the last two decades, little attention has been paid to the development of statistical techniques suited for the analysis of data gathered in studies of developmental psychopathology. As in most other studies of developmental processes, research in this area often involves complex constructs, such as intelligence and antisocial behavior, measured indirectly using multiple observed indicators. Relations between pairs of such constructs are sometimes reported in terms of latent variables (LVs): linear combinations of the indicators of each construct. We introduce the assumptions and procedures associated with one method for exploring these relations: partial least squares (PLS) analysis, which maximizes covariances between predictor and outcome LVs; its coefficients are correlations between observed variables and LVs, and its LVs are sums of observable variables weighted by these correlations. In the least squares logic of PLS, familiar notions about simple regressions and principal component analyses may be reinterpreted as rules for including or excluding particular blocks in a model and for “splitting” blocks into multiple dimensions. Guidelines for conducting PLS analyses and interpreting their results are provided using data from the Goteborg Daycare Study and the Seattle Longitudinal Prospective Study on Alcohol and Pregnancy. The major advantages of PLS analysis are that it (1) concisely summarizes the intercorrelations among a large number of variables regardless of sample size, (2) yields coefficients that are readily interpretable, and (3) provides straightforward decision rules about modeling. The advantages make PLS a highly desirable technique for use in longitudinal research on developmental psychopathology. The primer is written primarily for the nonstatistician, although formal mathematical details are provided in Appendix 1.

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