scholarly journals Twenty-Five and Up (25Up) Study: A New Wave of the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 154-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany L. Mitchell ◽  
Adrian I. Campos ◽  
Miguel E. Rentería ◽  
Richard Parker ◽  
Lenore Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Longitudinal Twin Study

AbstractThe aim of the 25 and Up (25Up) study was to assess a wide range of psychological and behavioral risk factors behind mental illness in a large cohort of Australian twins and their non-twin siblings. Participants had already been studied longitudinally from the age of 12 and most recently in the 19Up study (mean age = 26.1 years, SD = 4.1, range = 20–39). This subsequent wave follows up these twins several years later in life (mean age = 29.7 years, SD = 2.2, range =  22–44). The resulting data set enables additional detailed investigations of genetic pathways underlying psychiatric illnesses in the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study (BLTS). Data were collected between 2016 and 2018 from 2540 twins and their non-twin siblings (59% female, including 341 monozygotic complete twin-pairs, 415 dizygotic complete pairs and 1028 non-twin siblings and singletons). Participants were from South-East Queensland, Australia, and the sample was of predominantly European ancestry. The 25Up study collected information on 20 different mental disorders, including depression, anxiety, substance use, psychosis, bipolar and attention-deficit hyper-activity disorder, as well as general demographic information such as occupation, education level, number of children, self-perceived IQ and household environment. In this article, we describe the prevalence, comorbidities and age of onset for all 20 examined disorders. The 25Up study also assessed general and physical health, including physical activity, sleep patterns, eating behaviors, baldness, acne, migraines and allergies, as well as psychosocial items such as suicidality, perceived stress, loneliness, aggression, sleep–wake cycle, sexual identity and preferences, technology and internet use, traumatic life events, gambling and cyberbullying. In addition, 25Up assessed female health traits such as morning sickness, breastfeeding and endometriosis. Furthermore, given that the 25Up study is an extension of previous BLTS studies, 86% of participants have already been genotyped. This rich resource will enable the assessment of epidemiological risk factors, as well as the heritability and genetic correlations of mental conditions.

Do Developmental and Life-Course Theory Risk Factors Equally Predict Age of Onset Among Juvenile Sexual and Nonsexual Offenders?

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Rosa ◽  
Bryanna Fox ◽  
Wesley G. Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Juvenile Sex Offenders ◽  
Criminological Theory ◽  
Sex Offending ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Florida Department ◽  
Nonsexual Offenders

Previous empirical inquiries into the etiology of juvenile sex offending have been largely atheoretical. Consequently, a call for studies conducted utilizing developmental and life-course (DLC) criminological theory has been made to better understand the onset, development, risk, and protective factors of juvenile sex offending. Therefore, this study contributes to the discussion by testing key predictions proposed by the DLC framework regarding the theoretical correlates of early onset offending, as applied to juvenile sex offenders (JSOs) and juvenile nonsex offenders (JNSOs). Drawing on a data set of more than 64,000 youth referred to the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice, results indicate that although the number and severity of risk factors for early age of onset differ between the JSOs and JNSOs, the specific type of risk factors that emerged align with DLC theory predictions. The implications of these findings and contributions for DLC theory are also discussed.

Is This Kid a Likely Experimenter or a Likely Persister? An Analysis of Individual-Level and Family-Level Risk Factors Predicting Multiple Offending Among a Group of Adjudicated Youth

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (13) ◽  
pp. 4024-4045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Buker ◽  
Ayhan Erbay
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Dropping Out ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Adjudicated Youth ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Family Level

To implement effective diversion programs and determine for a well-suited intervention strategy, ascertaining who, among the adjudicated youth, is more likely to involve in multiple offending, rather than desisting after an initial delinquent behavior, is of great significance. The overall objective of this study, therefore, is to contribute to the existing knowledge on assessing the risks for multiple offending during juvenile adjudication processes. In this regard, this study examined the predicting powers of several individual-level and family-level risk factors on multiple offending during adolescence, based on a data set derived from court-ordered social examination reports (SERs) on 400 adjudicated youth in Turkey. Two binomial regression models were implemented to test the predictor values of various risk factors from these two domains. Results indicated the following as significant predictors of multiple offending among the subjects: younger age of onset in delinquency, dropping out of school, having delinquent/drug abusing (risky) friends, being not able to share problems with the family, increased number of siblings, and having a domestically migrated family. Conclusively, these findings were compared with the existing literature, and the policy implications and recommendations for future research were discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluating the relationship between alcohol consumption, tobacco use, and cardiovascular disease: A multivariable Mendelian randomization study

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. e1003410
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Rosoff ◽  
George Davey Smith ◽  
Nehal Mehta ◽  
Toni-Kim Clarke ◽  
Falk W. Lohoff
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Wide Range

Background Alcohol consumption and smoking, 2 major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), often occur together. The objective of this study is to use a wide range of CVD risk factors and outcomes to evaluate potential total and direct causal roles of alcohol and tobacco use on CVD risk factors and events. Methods and findings Using large publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWASs) (results from more than 1.2 million combined study participants) of predominantly European ancestry, we conducted 2-sample single-variable Mendelian randomization (SVMR) and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) to simultaneously assess the independent impact of alcohol consumption and smoking on a wide range of CVD risk factors and outcomes. Multiple sensitivity analyses, including complementary Mendelian randomization (MR) methods, and secondary alcohol consumption and smoking datasets were used. SVMR showed genetic predisposition for alcohol consumption to be associated with CVD risk factors, including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (beta 0.40, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.04–0.47, P value = 1.72 × 10−28), triglycerides (TRG) (beta −0.23, 95% CI, −0.30, −0.15, P value = 4.69 × 10−10), automated systolic blood pressure (BP) measurement (beta 0.11, 95% CI, 0.03–0.18, P value = 4.72 × 10−3), and automated diastolic BP measurement (beta 0.09, 95% CI, 0.03–0.16, P value = 5.24 × 10−3). Conversely, genetically predicted smoking was associated with increased TRG (beta 0.097, 95% CI, 0.014–0.027, P value = 6.59 × 10−12). Alcohol consumption was also associated with increased myocardial infarction (MI) and coronary heart disease (CHD) risks (MI odds ratio (OR) = 1.24, 95% CI, 1.03–1.50, P value = 0.02; CHD OR = 1.21, 95% CI, 1.01–1.45, P value = 0.04); however, its impact was attenuated in MVMR adjusting for smoking. Conversely, alcohol maintained an association with coronary atherosclerosis (OR 1.02, 95% CI, 1.01–1.03, P value = 5.56 × 10−4). In comparison, after adjusting for alcohol consumption, smoking retained its association with several CVD outcomes including MI (OR = 1.84, 95% CI, 1.43, 2.37, P value = 2.0 × 10−6), CHD (OR = 1.64, 95% CI, 1.28–2.09, P value = 8.07 × 10−5), heart failure (HF) (OR = 1.61, 95% CI, 1.32–1.95, P value = 1.9 × 10−6), and large artery atherosclerosis (OR = 2.4, 95% CI, 1.41–4.07, P value = 0.003). Notably, using the FinnGen cohort data, we were able to replicate the association between smoking and several CVD outcomes including MI (OR = 1.77, 95% CI, 1.10–2.84, P value = 0.02), HF (OR = 1.67, 95% CI, 1.14–2.46, P value = 0.008), and peripheral artery disease (PAD) (OR = 2.35, 95% CI, 1.38–4.01, P value = 0.002). The main limitations of this study include possible bias from unmeasured confounders, inability of summary-level MR to investigate a potentially nonlinear relationship between alcohol consumption and CVD risk, and the generalizability of the UK Biobank (UKB) to other populations. Conclusions Evaluating the widest range of CVD risk factors and outcomes of any alcohol consumption or smoking MR study to date, we failed to find a cardioprotective impact of genetically predicted alcohol consumption on CVD outcomes. However, alcohol was associated with and increased HDL-C, decreased TRG, and increased BP, which may indicate pathways through impact CVD risk, warranting further study. We found smoking to be a risk factor for many CVDs even after adjusting for alcohol. While future studies incorporating alcohol consumption patterns are necessary, our data suggest causal inference between alcohol, smoking, and CVD risk, further supporting that lifestyle modifications might be able to reduce overall CVD risk.

Analysis of Unplanned Intensive Care Unit Admissions in Postoperative Pediatric Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth K. Landry ◽  
Rodney A. Gabriel ◽  
Sascha Beutler ◽  
Richard P. Dutton ◽  
Richard D. Urman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Currently, there are only a few retrospective, single-institution studies that have addressed the prevalence and risk factors associated with unplanned admissions to the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) after surgery. Based on the limited amount of studies, it appears that airway and respiratory complications put a child at increased risk for unplanned ICU admission. A more extensive and diverse analysis of unplanned postoperative admissions to the ICU is needed to address risk factors that have yet to be revealed by the current literature. Aim: To establish a rate of unplanned postoperative ICU admissions in pediatric patients using a large, multi-institution data set and to further characterize the associated risk factors. Methods: Data from the National Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry were analyzed. We recorded the overall risk of unplanned postoperative ICU admission in patients younger than 18 years and performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify the associated patient, surgical, and anesthetic-related characteristics. Results: Of the 324 818 cases analyzed, 211 reported an unexpected ICU admission. There was an increased likelihood of unplanned postoperative ICU in infants (age <1 year) and children who were classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification of III or IV. Likewise, longer case duration and cases requiring general anesthesia were also associated with unplanned ICU admissions. Conclusion: This study establishes a rate of unplanned ICU admission following surgery in the heterogeneous pediatric population. This is the first study to utilize such a large data set encompassing a wide range of practice environments to identify risk factors leading to unplanned postoperative ICU admissions. Our study revealed that patient, surgical, and anesthetic complexity each contributed to an increased number of unplanned ICU admissions in the pediatric population.

Influence of well-known risk factors for hearing loss in a longitudinal twin study

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (sup1) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Christin Johnson ◽  
Renata Bogo ◽  
Ahmed Farah ◽  
Kjell K. Karlsson ◽  
Per Muhr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Longitudinal Twin Study

scholarly journals Genetic and environmental influences on eating behaviors in 2.5- and 9-year-old children: a longitudinal twin study

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise Dubois ◽  
Maikol Diasparra ◽  
Brigitte Bédard ◽  
Jaakko Kaprio ◽  
Bénédicte Fontaine-Bisson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Twin Study ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Longitudinal Twin Study

Risk Factors of Stuttering

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Youssef Abou El-Ella ◽  
Ayman Mohamed Shawky ◽  
Ahmed Nabil Yehia ◽  
Yasser Mohamed Mohamed Tolba
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Social Reaction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Developmental Stuttering

Abstract Background Stuttering is a multifactorial and complex disorder that results from the influence of many factors, which include genetic predisposition, motor speech skills, linguistic skills and cognitive, emotional and environmental factors. A wide range of possible risk factors has been proposed in the literature, including age; gender; type and manner of onset; duration of the disfluency; type of disfluency; associated communicative and qualitative factors; physical and emotional stress; family history of stuttering; personal, familial and social reaction; and family attitudes. Objectives The aim of this work is to study the different risk factors of stuttering in children in order to understand more about its nature, etiology and to help to decrease its incidence if possible. Patients and Methods For this purpose; 96 patients complained from stuttering were evaluated. All data were collected after completing the assessment of patients and their parents. They were 60 (62.5%) male patients and 36 (37.5%) female patients, they showed a statistically significant difference. The age of the patients ranged from 4 to 18 years with mean ± SD of 7.75 ± 4.78 years. The age of onset of the studied patients ranged from 3 to 12 years with mean ± SD of 4.25 ± 2.31 years. Most of the patients were resident in rural areas; 64 patients (66.67%), while the urban resident was 32 patients (33.33%), they were statistically significant. Results The present study showed the etiology of stuttering in the studied patients. The most prominent cause was the developmental stuttering (86.45%) followed by neurological stuttering (13.55%). The dysfluency distribution of the studied patients. The most prominent was the Syllables and words repetition 65 (67.7%) of patients followed by IPDs 22 (22.9%) of the patients, 6 (6.25%) of the patients had prolongation and 3 (3.125%) of the patients had tonic blocks. Our study observed that family history of stuttering was found in 54 (56.25%) of patients, consanguinity was found in 30 (31.25%) of the patients, first degree relatives was found in 15 (15.625%) of the patients and second-degree relatives was present in 6 (6.25%) of the patients. Conclusion The data of the present study concluded that the presence of stuttering or defects in speech quality and communication. Risk factors include multifactorial dynamic pathways that include: positive family history, being male (as boys are more likely than girls to keep stuttering), the onset (as children who start to stutter before age 3½ are more likely to outgrow it than children who start to stutter at an older age), the amount of time that it's lasted.

Stress, anxiety, depression and burnout in frontline health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic: a brief systematic review and new data from Russia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Mosolova ◽  
Dmitry Sosin ◽  
Sergey Mosolov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Impact

During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers (HCWs) have been subject to increased workload while also exposed to many psychosocial stressors. In a systematic review we analyze the impact that the pandemic has had on HCWs mental state and associated risk factors. Most studies reported high levels of depression and anxiety among HCWs worldwide, however, due to a wide range of assessment tools, cut-off scores, and number of frontline participants in the studies, results were difficult to compare. Our study is based on two online surveys of 2195 HCWs from different regions of Russia during spring and autumn epidemic outbreaks revealed the rates of anxiety, stress, depression, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and perceived stress as 32.3%, 31.1%, 45.5%, 74.2%, 37.7% ,67.8%, respectively. Moreover, 2.4% of HCWs reported suicidal thoughts. The most common risk factors include: female gender, nurse as an occupation, younger age, working for over 6 months, chronic diseases, smoking, high working demands, lack of personal protective equipment, low salary, lack of social support, isolation from families, the fear of relatives getting infected. These results demonstrate the need for urgent supportive programs for HCWs fighting COVID-19 that fall into higher risk factors groups.

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