Isfahan Twins Registry (ITR): An Invaluable Platform for Epidemiological and Epigenetic Studies: Design and Methodology of ITR

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 579-582
Author(s):  
Mojgan Gharipour ◽  
Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard ◽  
Marjan Mansourian ◽  
Mohammadreza Sabri ◽  
Elham Khosravi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Complex Diseases ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Epigenetic Biomarkers ◽  
Twin Registry ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Homes

AbstractTwin studies are one of the main tools for studying the interaction between genes and the environment in the development of complex diseases such as cancers, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. The Isfahan Twin Registry (ITR) was launched in Isfahan in 2017 as a pilot study to establish a nationwide twin registry in Iran and aims to obtain comprehensive information about complex diseases and their risk factors from twins and multiples living in Isfahan. ITR will continue to recruit twins and multiples until all twins residing in Isfahan are registered in the registry. Twins are identified from welfare agencies, public health homes, maternity hospitals, Persian Twins Association and the local media. Demographic information, twin similarities, lifestyle, family history of diseases and past medical history are collected using validated questionnaires. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure are measured by health professionals. Hematology panel, fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and quantitative C-reactive protein are measured by an automated analyzer. Extra samples are obtained for future studies. For twins aged under 6 years, parents complete the questionnaires for their children and a brief questionnaire for themselves. Currently, 998 persons (395 pairs and 67 multiples) are registered in the ITR and have provided their data. Results of preliminary data analysis are discussed in this article. We plan to carry out longitudinal assessments. ITR can play an important role in future epigenetic, biomarkers and omics studies using the biobank materials.

Genetic Dominance Influences Blood Biomarker Levels in a Sample of 12,000 Swedish Elderly Twins

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iffat Rahman ◽  
Anna M. Bennet ◽  
Nancy L. Pedersen ◽  
Ulf de Faire ◽  
Per Svensson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Shared Environment ◽  
Low Density ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Genetic Components

AbstractIn twin studies of cardiovascular disease biomarkers the dizygotic correlations are often estimated to be less than half of monozygotic correlations indicating a potential influence of nonadditive genetic factors. Using a large and homogenous sample, we estimated the additive and dominance genetic influences on levels of high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein B, total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, hemoglobin Alc and c-reactive protein, all of which are biomarkers associated with cardiovascular disease. The blood biomarkers were measured on 12,000 Swedish twins born between 1911 and 1958. The large sample allowed us to obtain heritability estimates with considerable precision and provided adequate statistical power for estimation of dominance genetic components. Our study showed complete absence of the shared environment component for the investigated traits. Dominant genetic component was shown to be significant for low density lipoprotein (0.18), glucose (0.31), Hemoglobin Alc (0.55), and c-reactive protein (0.27). To our knowledge, this is the first statistically significant evidence for dominance genetic variance found for low density lipoprotein, glucose, hemoglobin Alc, and c-reactive protein in a population based twin sample. The study highlights the importance of acknowledging nonadditive genes underlying the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.

Have we learnt all from IMPROVE-IT? Part II. Subanalyses on the ef- fects of ezetimibe added to statin therapy on selected clinical and laborato- ry outcomes, cost effectiveness, guideline and clinical implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zlatko Fras ◽  
Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
Keyword(s):  
Statin Therapy ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Bypass Graft ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Drug Discontinuation ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Risk Cost ◽  
Cardiovascular Biomarkers

: In this second part of a review of the IMProved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial (IMPROVE-IT), we discuss the findings in relation to patients with stroke, the ACS phenotype, history of coronary artery bypass graft surgery, heart failure, concurrent polyvascular atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and diabetes mellitus, and different levels of expression of selected cardiovascular biomarkers. The combination therapy was proven safe, and drug discontinuation rates were not increased by adding ezetimibe. Since both statins and ezetimibe are now almost globally generically available, we can conclude that for secondary prevention of ASCVD, adding ezetimibe to high-intensity statin therapy further reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and cardiovascular risk cost-effectively.

scholarly journals The relationship of the serum endocan level with the CHA2DS2-VASc score in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gökhan Ceyhun
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background In this study considering the relationship between serum endocan and CHA2DS2-VASc score, we assumed that endocan level could be a new biomarker for stroke risk in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). It was examined that endocan could be an alternative to determine the risk of stroke and anticoagulation strategy in patients with PAF. The CHA2DS2-VASc scores were calculated for 192 patients with PAF, and their serum endocan levels were measured. The patients were divided into two groups as those with low to moderate (0-1) and those with high (≥ 2) CHA2DS2-VASc scores, and the endocan levels were compared between these two groups. Results The serum endocan level was significantly higher in the high CHA2DS2-VASc score group (p < 0.001). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, endocan, C-reactive protein, and low-density lipoprotein were found to be independent determinants of the CHA2DS2-VASc score. The predictive value of endocan was analyzed using the ROC curve analysis, which revealed that endocan predicted a high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc ≥ 2) at 82.5% sensitivity and 71.2% specificity at the cutoff value of 1.342. Conclusion This study indicates that endocan is significantly associated with CHA2DS2-VASc score. We demonstrated that endocan could be a new biomarker for the prediction of a high stroke risk among patients diagnosed with PAF.

scholarly journals Observational Study of Lipid Profile and C-Reactive Protein after a Seven-Day Fast

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Valeria Galetti ◽  
Marica Brnic ◽  
Benjamin Lotin ◽  
Mauro Frigeri
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein

Fasting is becoming an increasingly popular practice. Nevertheless, its clinical benefits and possible inconveniences remain limitedly evaluated. We observed the effects of a seven-day fast conducted in a non-medical center located in the Swiss Alps. Clinical parameters were measured on the first and last day of fasting (D1 and D7), and two months later (D60). Among the 40 participants, blood analyses were done on 25 persons with an increased metabolic risk, with the primary goal of assessing the lasting effect on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. By comparing D60 with D1, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) (+0.15 mmol/L) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) (+2.05 mmol/L) increased (both p < 0.009), all other blood parameters (LDL, glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein (CRP)) did not change; weight (−0.97 kg) and hearth rate (−7.31 min−1) decreased (both p < 0.006). By comparing D7 with D1, total cholesterol (+0.44 mmol/L), triglycerides (+0.37 mmol/L) and CRP (+3.37 mg/L) increased (all p < 0.02). The lack of LDL variation at D60 may be due to the low metabolic risk level of the participants. The increase of total cholesterol, triglycerides and CRP at D7 warrants studies to understand whether such fluctuations represent a stress reaction to the fasting state, which may vary in different fasting types.

scholarly journals Low density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein are selectively bound by aggregated C-reactive protein.

1982 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 230-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
F C de Beer ◽  
A K Soutar ◽  
M L Baltz ◽  
I M Trayner ◽  
A Feinstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Reactive Protein

C-reactive protein (CRP), the classical acute-phase protein, can bind phospholipids by virtue of its specific, calcium-dependent reactivity with phosphorylcholine residues. However, analysis of acute-phase serum by gel filtration and by density gradient ultracentrifugation showed that the CRP was in a free, uncomplexed form, despite the coexistent presence of the various classes of serum lipoproteins, all of which contain phospholipids. In contrast, when isolated CRP was aggregated by immobilization at a sufficient density on a solid phase and then exposed to normal human serum, it selectively bound low density lipoprotein (LDL) and traces of very low density lipoprotein. The reaction was calcium dependent and reversible by free phosphorylcholine but not by heparin. LDL isolated from normal plasma was also bound by aggregated CRP. CRP reacts in vitro with a wide variety of different ligands both of extrinsic and of autogenous origin, e.g., microbial products and damaged cell membranes, respectively. If CRP aggregated in vivo by complexing with these ligands than acquires the capacity to selectively bind LDL, the phenomenon may have significant implications for the function of CRP and for the metabolism, clearance, and deposition of LDL.

Migraine in Children: Association With Primary and Familial Dyslipoproteinemias

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-321
Author(s):  
Charles J. Glueck ◽  
Stephen R. Bates
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Degree Relative ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Premature Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Disproportionate Number ◽  
Severe Migraine ◽  
Cerebral Vascular

We studied lipids and lipoprotein cholesterols in 39 children (26 boys, 13 girls) with severe migraine, to examine the hypothesis that primary and familial lipoprotein abnormalities might be associated with or predispose children to the migraine syndrome. Each of the children, 4 to 20 years of age, had severe migraine, leading to pediatric neurologic referral and therapy. Twenty-five of the 39 probands (64%) had a first degree relative with severe migraine, and 18% had a second degree relative with severe migraine. In 11 of the 39 kindreds (28%), there was a family history of premature myocardial infarction and/or cerebral vascular accident (&lt;age 55 years), involving one grandparent from each of ten kindreds and one parent in the 11th kindred. In nine of the 26 boys, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were greater than or equal to the age-, sex-, race-specific 90th percentile, and in three of these nine children, there was at least one additional first degree relative also having a primary top decile LDL-C level, consistent with the presumptive diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia. The finding of more than three times as many boys with migraine headache having top decile LDL-C than expected (9 v 2.6) was significant (x2 = 17.5, P &lt;.01). Also, there were six boys having bottom decile levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C); all six came from kindreds with at least one first degree relative also having bottom decile HDL-C. The finding of more than two times as many boys with migraine having bottom decile HDL-C than expected (6 v 2.6) was significant (x2 = 4.94, P &lt; .05). Of the 13 female pediatric probands, two had top decile LDL-C and two had bottom decile HDL-C and came from families with at least one additional first degree family relative also having a primary and similar dyslipoproteinemia. Our observations suggest that the clinical diagnosis of severe migraine in childhood should lead to measurement of lipids and lipoprotein cholesterols, particularly in boys, because they represent a cohort with a disproportionate number of hyper-β- and hypo-α-lipoproteinemic subjects. We speculate that primary and familial lipoprotein abnormalities, particularly those involving high levels of LDL-C and/or low levels of HDL-C, may be etiologically related to migraine, perhaps related to platelet hyperaggregability, and/or increased likelihood of cerebral vascular instability.

scholarly journals Phosphoethanolamine-complexed C-reactive protein: A pharmacological-like macromolecule that binds to native low-density lipoprotein in human serum

2008 ◽  
Vol 394 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 94-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay K. Singh ◽  
Madathilparambil V. Suresh ◽  
Deborah C. Prayther ◽  
Jonathan P. Moorman ◽  
Antonio E. Rusiñol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Native Low Density Lipoprotein
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