scholarly journals Cancer Incidence and Mortality in 260,000 Nordic Twins With 30,000 Prospective Cancers

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Skytthe ◽  
Jennifer R. Harris ◽  
Kamila Czene ◽  
Lorelei Mucci ◽  
Hans-Olov Adami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Background Population ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

AbstractThe Nordic countries have comprehensive, population-based health and medical registries linkable on individually unique personal identity codes, enabling complete long-term follow-up. The aims of this study were to describe the NorTwinCan cohort established in 2010 and assess whether the cancer mortality and incidence rates among Nordic twins are similar to those in the general population. We analyzed approximately 260,000 same-sexed twins in the nationwide twin registers in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Cancer incidence was determined using follow-up through the national cancer registries. We estimated standardized incidence (SIR) and mortality (SMR) ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) across country, age, period, follow-up time, sex and zygosity. More than 30,000 malignant neoplasms have occurred among the twins through 2010. Mortality rates among twins were slightly lower than in the general population (SMR 0.96; CI 95% [0.95, 0.97]), but this depends on information about zygosity. Twins have slightly lower cancer incidence rates than the general population, with SIRs of 0.97 (95% CI [0.96, 0.99]) in men and 0.96 (95% CI [0.94, 0.97]) in women. Testicular cancer occurs more often among male twins than singletons (SIR 1.15; 95% CI [1.02, 1.30]), while cancers of the kidney (SIR 0.82; 95% CI [0.76, 0.89]), lung (SIR 0.89; 95% CI [0.85, 0.92]) and colon (SIR 0.90; 95% CI [0.87, 0.94]) occur less often in twins than in the background population. Our findings indicate that the risk of cancer among twins is so similar to the general population that cancer risk factors and estimates of heritability derived from the Nordic twin registers are generalizable to the background populations.

Analysis of Cancer Incidence in the Population of the Leningrad Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
АА Kovshov ◽  
YuA Novikova ◽  
VN Fedorov ◽  
NA Tikhonova ◽  
OA Istorik
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Incident Cases

Introduction: Extensive measures are taken in the Russian Federation to reduce cancer incidence and mortality in the population but the proportion of incident cases in advanced stages is still large while correct registration of deaths and diseases remains a challenge. Our objectives were to study the incidence of malignant neoplasms in the Leningrad Region, to establish territories at risk, and to analyze carcinogenic risk factors associated with environmental conditions in these territories. Materials and methods: We used data of the Federal Statistical Observation Forms No. 7 “Information on Malignant Neoplasms”, No. 12 “Information on the Number of Diseases Registered in Patients Living in the Service Area of a Medical Organization”, No. 18 “Information on the Sanitary Condition of the Subject of the Russian Federation”, and information on the size of population by sex and age in the Leningrad Region and its districts for 2008–2018. We applied a direct method of standardizing incidence rates by age, analyzed the dynamics of incidence, and estimated statistical significance of differences in the incidence rates between the territories of comparison. Results: Cancer incidence in the Leningrad Region was lower than that in Russia. In 2008–2018, the highest rates were registered in the Kirishsky and Podporozhsky districts. In the Podporozhsky district, the standardized incidence rate in 2018 was 328.1 cases per 100,000 population or 1.79 times higher than the regional average, while the average rate for 2008–2018 exceeded the regional average by 1.36 times. The Kirishsky district ranked second by the incidence of malignant neoplasms in the Leningrad Region in 2018 (241.4 cases per 100,000 population or 1.32 times higher than the regional average), while the average rate for 2008–2018 exceeded the regional one by 1.47 times. Conclusions: Additional research is necessary to establish the causes of high cancer incidence rates in the Kirishsky and Podporozhsky districts of the Leningrad Region.

A 5-Year Continued Follow-up of Cancer Risk and All-Cause Mortality Among Norwegian Military Peacekeepers Deployed to Kosovo During 1999–2016

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leif Aage Strand ◽  
Jan Ivar Martinsen ◽  
Einar Kristian Borud
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
News Media ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Length Of Service ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Abstract Introduction In 2012, Norwegian news media reported on cases of brain cancer among Norwegian peacekeeping troops who served in Kosovo, allegedly caused by exposure to depleted uranium fired during airstrikes before the peacekeepers arrived in 1999. A first study followed 6076 military men and women with peacekeeping service in Kosovo during 1999–2011 for cancers and deaths throughout 2011. The study did not support to the idea that peacekeeping service in Kosovo could lead to increased risk of brain cancer or other cancers. However, the average time of follow-up (10.6 years) was rather short for cancer development; therefore the aim of the present study was to evaluate cancer risk and general mortality in an updated cohort after 5 years of additional follow-up. Materials and Methods The updated cohort consisted of 6,159 peacekeepers (5,884 men and 275 women) who served in Kosovo during 1999–2016 and were followed for cancer incidence and mortality from all causes combined throughout 2016. We calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIR) for cancer and standardized mortality ratios (SMR) from national population rates. Poisson regression was used to assess the effect of length of service (<1 year vs. ≥1 year) on cancer risk. Results We observed 149 cancer cases and 75 deaths in the updated cohort. Observed cancer incidence did not exceed national rates. In men, the SIR for brain cancer was 0.73 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.32–1.44), based on eight cases, while the risk of colon cancer was lowered (SIR = 0.14, 95% CI 0.00–0.79). The Poisson regression showed no effect of service duration on all-site cancer incidence. Mortality from all causes combined was lower than expected (SMR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.49–0.78) and in accordance with a “healthy soldier effect”. Conclusion The extended follow-up did not give support to the suggestion that peacekeeping service in Kosovo could lead to increased risk of cancer.

Prostate-specific antigen and long-term prediction of prostate cancer incidence and mortality in the general population.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5-5
Author(s):  
David D Orsted ◽  
Borge G. Nordestgaard ◽  
Stig E. Bojesen
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
General Population ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Prostate Cancer Incidence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

5 Background: It is largely unknown whether prostate-specific antigen at first date of testing predicts long-term risk of prostate cancer incidence and mortality in the general population. We tested the hypothesis that baseline prostate-specific antigen levels predict long-term risk of prostate cancer incidence and mortality. Methods: Using a prospective study, we examined 4383 20-94 year old men from the Danish general population followed in the Copenhagen City Heart Study from 1981 through 2009. Prostate-specific antigen was measured in plasma samples obtained in 1981-83. Results: During 28 years of follow-up, 170 men developed prostate cancer and 94 died from prostate cancer. Median follow-up was 18 years (range 0.5-28 years). For prostate cancer incidence, the subhazard ratio was 3.0 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9-4.6) for a prostate-specific antigen level of 1.01-2.00 ng/ml, 6.8 (4.2-11) for 2.01-3.00 ng/ml, 6.6 (3.4-13) for 3.01-4.00 ng/ml, 16 (10.4-25) for 4.01-10.00 ng/ml, and 57 (32-104) for >10.00 ng/ml versus 0.01-1.00 ng/ml.. For prostate cancer mortality, corresponding subhazard ratios were 2.2 (1.3-3.9), 5.1 (2.8-9.0), 4.2 (1.8-10), 7.0 (3.8-14), and 14 (6.0-32). For men with prostate-specific antigen levels of 0.01-1.00 ng/ml, absolute 10-year risk of prostate cancer was 0.6% for age <45 years, 0.7% for 45-49 years, 1.1% for 50-54 years, 1.2% for 55-59 years, 1.3% for 60-64 years, 1.1% for 65-69 years, 1.3% for 70-74 years, and 1.5% for age≥75 years; corresponding values for prostate-specific antigen levels >10.00 ng/ml were 35%, 41%, 63%, 71%, 77%, 69%, 75%, and 88%, respectively. Conclusions: Stepwise increases in prostate-specific antigen at first date of testing predicted a 3-57 fold increased risk of prostate cancer, a 2-16 fold increased risk of prostate cancer mortality, and a 35-88% absolute 10-year risk of prostate cancer in those with prostate-specific antigen levels >10.00 ng/ml. Equally important, absolute 10-year risk of prostate cancer in those with levels 0.01-1.00 ng/ml was only 0.6-1.5%.

scholarly journals Trends of cancer incidence and mortality in Cali, Colombia. 50 years experience

2012 ◽  
pp. 246-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Eduardo Bravo ◽  
Tito Collazos ◽  
Paola Collazos ◽  
Luz Stella García ◽  
Pelayo Correa
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Vaginal Cytology

The Population-based Cancer Registry of Cali aims to report all new cases in permanent residents within the limits of the city of Cali. Time trends of cancer incidence and mortality are described. The registry has been in continuous operation for 50 years. Methods: Cancer cases reports are obtained actively by visiting all sources of information: hospitals, pathology departments, hematology laboratories, radiotherapy centers, government offices where death certificates are processed and physician’s offices. It is estimated that the reporting is at least 95% complete. Results: Drastic decreases are documented in rates for tumors causally related to infectious agents, especially cancers of the uterine cervix and the stomach. Gradual increases are documented in rates of tumors linked to affluence and the metabolic syndrome, especially cancers of the colon and the female breast. An unexpected increase in the incidence of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland in women is reported. Tobacco-related cancers, especially cancer of the lung, showed marked increase in incidence rates around 1970, apparently the beginning of an epidemic similar to the one reported in Western societies. But the increase in incidence stopped around 1980, resulting from a strong anti-smoking campaign launched in Colombia in the 1970s. Conclusions: The findings have influenced prevention strategies implemented by public health authorities, specially the establishment of a city-wide program to prevent cervix cancer via widespread use of vaginal cytology and anti-smoking campaigns. Also, new population-based cancer registries have been established in other Colombian cities as well as in Ecuador.

Cancer incidence and mortality in the USA Astronaut Corps, 1959–2017

2021 ◽  
pp. oemed-2020-107143
Author(s):  
Robert Reynolds ◽  
Mark P Little ◽  
Steven Day ◽  
Jacqueline Charvat ◽  
Steven Blattnig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cancer Case ◽  
Case Fatality Ratio ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Us

ObjectivesCancer incidence and mortality are important outcomes in the surveillance of long-term astronaut health. We compare cancer incidence rates, cancer-specific mortality rates, and cancer case-fatality ratios in US astronauts with those in the US general population.MethodsWe use standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) and standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) to index the incidence and mortality of various cancers against rates in the US general population, from the US astronaut cohort inception in April 1959 through 31 December 2017. We compare the lethality of these cancers using the relative case-fatality ratio.ResultsOverall cancer incidence and mortality were slightly lower than expected from national rates with SIR 82 (95% CI 63 to 104) and SMR 72 (95% CI 44 to 111) with a modest 14% reduction in case-fatality ratio. Prostate cancer and melanoma skin cancer had significant increases in incidence, with SIR of 162 (95% CI 109 to 232) and 252 (95% CI 126 to 452), respectively, though only melanoma had a significant increase in mortality, with SMR 508 (95% CI 105 to 1485). Lung cancer had a significant deficit of both cases and deaths, while colon cancer had sizeable (but not significant) reductions in incidence and mortality.ConclusionsThe increase in incidence of melanoma is consistent with that observed in aircraft pilots, suggesting this may be associated with ultraviolet radiation or lifestyle factors rather than any astronaut-specific exposure. Reductions in lung cancer incidence and mortality, and trends towards such reductions in colon cancer, may be explained in part by healthy lifestyle, as well as differential screening among astronauts.

scholarly journals Cancer incidence after childhood irradiation for tinea capitis in a Portuguese cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1105) ◽  
pp. 20180677
Author(s):  
Luís Antunes ◽  
Maria José Bento ◽  
Manuel Sobrinho-Simões ◽  
Paula Soares ◽  
Paula Boaventura
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Tinea Capitis ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Objectives: Our aim was to compare cancer incidence in a cohort exposed in childhood (1950–63) to a therapeutic dose of radiation in the North of Portugal and followed-up until the end of 2012, with the incidence rates for the same age and sex in the general population. Methods: A population-based North Region cancer registry (RORENO) was used to assess which members of the cohort developed cancer. The association between radiation exposure and overall and specific cancer sites was evaluated using standardised incidence ratios (SIR). Results: Over the full follow-up period, 3357 individuals of the 5356 original tinea capitis (TC) cohort (63%) were retrieved in the RORENO, and 399 new cancer cases were identified, representing an increased risk of 49% when compared with the general population (SIR = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.35–1.64). The risk was slightly higher in males than in females (SIR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.43–1.89 vs SIR = 1.35; CI = 1.17–1.55). The risk was slightly higher in the individuals exposed to a higher radiation dose (SIR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.22–2.51 for ≥630 R vs SIR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.31–1.62 for 325–475 R). In females, there was an excess cancer risk in all cancers with the higher radiation dose (SIR = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.21–3.13 for ≥630 R vs SIR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.11–1.51 for 325–475 R) which was not observed in males, and for combined dose categories significantly raised SIRs for thyroid and head and neck cancer, suggesting a possible higher radiosensitivity of females. An increased risk was also observed for some cancers located far from the irradiated area. Conclusions: The results suggest an association between radiation exposure and later increased cancer risk for cancers located near the radiation exposed area, mainly thyroid, and head and neck cancers. Further studies are necessary to disentangle possible non-radiation causes for distant cancers increased risk. Advances in knowledge: This paper shows a possible association between childhood X-ray epilation and increased risk of cancer which was not previously investigated in the Portuguese TC cohort.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effect of Breast Symptoms Reported at Mammography Screening Visit on Cancer Incidence and Mortality

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 210s-210s
Author(s):  
D. Singh ◽  
A. Anttila ◽  
N. Malila ◽  
J. Pitkaniemi ◽  
J. Miettinen
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Breast Cancer Mortality ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Nipple Discharge ◽  
National Breast ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Background: Efforts to reduce mortality through early detection and diagnosis has intensified in the recent decade. An important risk factor, 'breast symptoms' reported by women during screening visit, is still overlooked. Aim: To study the association between breast symptoms reported at screening visit and the risk of cancer incidence and mortality in a prospective manner over a period of 24-years. Methods: This population based matched cohort study was based on the follow-up of the ongoing Finnish National Breast Cancer Screening Program (FNBCSP) that began in 1987. Symptomatic subjects who attended screening with symptoms (lump, 39,965 visits; retraction, 24,190 visits; nipple discharge, 7882 visits) were identified from the Finnish Cancer Registry database. For each visit with symptoms, nonsymptomatic controls were matched (1:1 for lump and retraction; 1:2 for nipple discharge) based on age at screening visit (within 2 years), year of invitation (2 years band), number of invited visits, and municipality of invitation. The primary outcomes were incidence of breast cancer and incidence-based mortality, including all-cause mortality. Results: Women who reported lump or retraction had about twofold risk of breast cancer incidence, threefold risk of breast cancer mortality and all-cause mortality respectively as compared with women without respective symptoms. We found a substantial difference in mortality rates throughout the follow-up period between symptomatic and asymptomatic group. In absolute terms, for lump, in every 1000 screening visits, 20 women died of breast cancer as compared with 7 women without lump, and 30 vs 11 all-cause deaths in women with and without lump, respectively after 24 years of follow-up. We also found difference in the number of deaths in women who reported retraction or nipple discharge. Conclusion: This study provides comprehensive evidence that women with breast symptoms remain in a higher risk of dying over a very long period. Guidelines to reduce these inequalities needs to be developed.

scholarly journals DOP44 Cancer risk in a high-incidence inflammatory bowel disease population: a Faroese IBD cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S081-S082
Author(s):  
J M M Midjord ◽  
A G Vang ◽  
T Hammer ◽  
J Burisch ◽  
K R Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Background Population ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Abstract Background The association between inflammatory bowel disease and malignancy is still controversial despite many observational studies. The Faroese population exhibits the highest occurrence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of cancer in Faroese IBD patients within the nationwide Faroese IBD cohort. Methods This was a nationwide cohort study of all IBD patients diagnosed in the Faroe Islands from 1960 to 2014. Clinical demographics and cancer diagnosis were retrieved from patient files and from the Faroese cancer registry. Patients were followed until the event of cancer, death or emigration. Patients diagnosed with cancer prior to the IBD diagnosis were excluded. Observed numbers of cancer were compared with expected numbers based on ASR(N) (Nordic age- and sex-specific incidence rates) from Nordcan, by multiplying ASR(N) with person-years and follow-up in the study cohort and presented as standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95 % intervals (CIs). Results The cohort consisted of 664 incidence IBD patients. After excluding 12 patients with cancer prior to IBD diagnosis, 652 patients with a total follow-up length of 11 476 person-years were included (414 UC with 7.494 patient-years, 128 IBDU with 2.038 patient-years and 110 CD with 1.944 patient-years). A total of 56 patients developed cancer during the follow-up period compared with 39.2 expected cases in the background population. We observed no gender difference. In UC, 33 observed compared with 25.7 expected patients developed cancer (SIR 1.28; 95% CI, 0.88–1.80). In IBDU, 13 observed compared with 6.9 expected patients developed cancer (SIR 1.88; 95% CI 1.00–0.22). In CD, 10 cases were observed compared with 6.6 expected (SIR 1.51; 95% CI 0.73–2.79). The most common types of cancers observed are shown in Table 1. Conclusion In this nationwide cohort study, we found no overall risk of cancer in IBD patients in the geographic isolated Faroe Island. However, skin cancer occurred more than expected in IBDU patients. This finding needs to be investigated further including the influence of treatment on cancer risk.

scholarly journals CANCER INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN PRIMORSKY KRAI FOR THE 2008–2018 PERIOD

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
L. M. Minkina ◽  
M. M. Tsvetkov ◽  
Ya. S. Tikhonova ◽  
M. A. Postoykina
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Primorsky Krai ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Cancer Incidence Rates

Background. Cancer is a leading cause of death in children and adolescents worldwide. The cancer incidence rate in children and adolescents has been on the rise for decades. Climatic, geographic and social factors of the region play an important role for cancer incidence.Objective: to analyze the cancer incidence and mortality rates in children and adolescents of Prymorsky krai.Methods. Cancer incidence rates in Russia for 2008–2018 as well as cancer incidence among children treated at the regional pediatric hematology/oncology center (Vladivostok, Russia) for 2014–2019 were analyzed.Results. No statistically significant differences in the cancer incidence rates for the 2008–2018 period between children and adolescents of Primorsky krai and the russian federation in the whole and the far-eastern federal district were found. In in Primorsky krai, there was a variability in the incidence rate during the analyzed period, a negative average annual growth rate in the group of children under 14 years of age (-0.86 %). For the 2008–2018 period, the cancer mortality rate in children and adolescents of Primorsky krai significantly decreased (from 5.65 ‰ in 2008 to 2.6 ‰ in 2018), with the average annual increase rate in children aged 017 years of -9.17 %. In 2014–2019, the quality of cancer detection improved significantly, and the number of children and adolescents with stage iiiiv cancer reduced.Conclusion. Cancer prevention and early detection can potentially reduce the cancer incidence and mortality rates in children and adolescents in Primorsky krai. Population-based cancer registries are needed for quantifying the burden of cancer in children and adolescents and assessing prevention and control programs.

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