scholarly journals Irving I. Gottesman's Collaboration in Psychiatric Genetics Research in Denmark

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-323
Author(s):  
Kaare Christensen ◽  
Aksel Bertelsen
Keyword(s):  
Family Studies ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Psychiatric Genetics ◽  
Genetics Research ◽  
Psychiatric Genetic

Irving I. Gottesman played an important role for psychiatric genetic research in Denmark through more than 40 years of collaboration with Danish scientists, resulting in important twin and family studies based upon the unique national registers available in Denmark.

scholarly journals A review of psychiatric genetics research in the Brazilian population

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quirino Cordeiro ◽  
Bruno Rezende Souza ◽  
Humberto Correa ◽  
Camila Guindalini ◽  
Mara Helena Hutz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Psychiatric Genetics ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Melting Pot ◽  
Genetics Research ◽  
Psychiatric Genetic ◽  
Major Interest

OBJECTIVE AND METHOD: A large increase in the number of Brazilian studies on psychiatric genetics has been observed in the 1970's since the first publications conducted by a group of researchers in Brazil. Here we reviewed the literature and evaluated the advantages and difficulties of psychiatric genetic studies in the Brazilian population. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian population is one of the most heterogeneous populations in the world, formed mainly by the admixture between European, African and Native American populations. Although the admixture process is not a particularity of the Brazilian population, much of the history and social development in Brazil underlies the ethnic melting pot we observe nowadays. Such ethnical heterogeneity of the Brazilian population obviously brings some problems when performing genetic studies. However, the Brazilian population offers a number of particular characteristics that are of major interest when genetic studies are carried out, such as the presence of isolated populations. Thus, differences in the genetic profile and in the exposure to environmental risks may result in different interactions and pathways to psychopathology.

scholarly journals Four Actionable Bottlenecks and Potential Solutions to Translating Psychiatric Genetics Research: An Expert Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Bourdon ◽  
Rachel A. Davies ◽  
Elizabeth C. Long
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Psychiatric Genetics ◽  
Expert Review ◽  
Genetics Research ◽  
Psychiatric Genetic ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
Narrative Literature Review

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Psychiatric genetics has had limited success in translational efforts. A thorough understanding of the present state of translation in this field will be useful in the facilitation and assessment of future translational progress. <b><i>Purpose:</i></b> A narrative literature review was conducted. Combinations of 3 groups of terms were searched in EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, and PubMed. The review occurred in multiple steps, including abstract collection, inclusion/exclusion criteria review, coding, and analysis of included papers. <b><i>Results:</i></b> One hundred and fourteen articles were analyzed for the narrative review. Across those, 4 bottlenecks were noted that, if addressed, may provide insights and help improve and increase translation in the field of psychiatric genetics. These 4 bottlenecks are emphasizing linear translational frameworks, relying on molecular genomic findings, prioritizing certain psychiatric disorders, and publishing more reviews than experiments. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> These entwined bottlenecks are examined with one another. Awareness of these bottlenecks can inform stakeholders who work to translate and/or utilize psychiatric genetic information. Potential solutions include utilizing nonlinear translational frameworks as well as a wider array of psychiatric genetic information (e.g., family history and gene-environment interplay) in this area of research, expanding which psychiatric disorders are considered for translation, and when possible, conducting original research. Researchers are urged to consider how their research is translational in the context of the frameworks, genetic information, and psychiatric disorders discussed in this review. At a broader level, these efforts should be supported with translational efforts in funding and policy shifts.

scholarly journals Return of Results in a Global Sample of Psychiatric Genetics Researchers: Practices, Attitudes, and Knowledge

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Lázaro-Muñoz ◽  
Laura Torgerson ◽  
Stacey Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Research ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Return Of Results ◽  
Psychiatric Genetics ◽  
Genetics Research ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Psychosocial Impacts ◽  
Attitudes And Knowledge

AbstractPurposePatient-participants in psychiatric genetics research may be at an increased risk for negative psychosocial impacts related to the return of genetic research results. Examining psychiatric genetics researchers’ return of results practices and perspectives can aid the development of empirically-informed and ethically-sound guidelines.MethodsA survey of 407 psychiatric genetics researchers from 39 countries was conducted to examine current return of results practices, attitudes, and knowledge.ResultsMost respondents (61%) reported that their studies generated medically relevant genomic findings. Although 24% have returned results to individual participants, 52% of those involved in decisions about return of results plan to return or continue to return results. Respondents supported offering medically actionable results related to psychiatric disorders (82%), and the majority agreed non-medically actionable risks for Huntington’s (71%) and Alzheimer’s disease (64%) should be offered. About half (49%) of respondents supported offering reliable polygenic risk scores for psychiatric conditions. Despite plans to return, only 14% of researchers agreed there are adequate guidelines for returning results, and 59% rated their knowledge about how to manage the process for returning results as poor.ConclusionPsychiatric genetics researchers support returning a wide range of results to patient-participants, but they lack adequate knowledge and guidelines.

scholarly journals Return of Results in Psychiatric Genetics Research: Perceptions of Best Practices in a Global Sample of Psychiatric Genetics Researchers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Lazaro-Munoz ◽  
Laura N. Torgerson ◽  
Stacey Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Return Of Results ◽  
Psychiatric Genetics ◽  
Genetics Research ◽  
Patient Participant ◽  
The Impact

Many research sponsors and genetic researchers agree that some medically relevant genetic findings should be offered to participants. The scarcity of research specific to returning genetic results related to psychiatric disorders hinders the ability to develop ethically-justified and empirically-informed guidelines for responsible return of results for these conditions. We surveyed 407 psychiatric genetics researchers from 39 countries to examine their perceptions of challenges to returning individual results and views about best practices for the process of offering and returning results. Most researchers believed that disclosure of results should be delayed if a patient-participant is experiencing significant psychiatric symptoms. Respondents felt that there is little research on the impact of returning results to participants with psychiatric disorders and agreed that return of psychiatric genetics results to patient-participants may lead to discrimination by insurance companies or other third parties. Almost half of researchers believed results should be returned through a participant's treating psychiatrist, but many felt that clinicians lack knowledge about how to manage genetic research results. Most researchers thought results should be disclosed by genetic counselors or medical geneticists and in person, however, almost half also supported disclosure via telemedicine. This is the first global survey to examine the perspectives of researchers with experience working with this patient population and with these conditions. Their perspectives can help inform the development of much-needed guidelines to promote responsible return of results related to psychiatric conditions to patients with psychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals Eugenic concerns, scientific practices: international relations in the establishment of psychiatric genetics in Germany, Britain, the USA and Scandinavia, c.1910–60

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Roelcke
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Scientific Practices ◽  
Psychiatric Genetics ◽  
Mutual Exchange ◽  
German Research ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Scientific Ideas

The article describes the emergence of research programmes, institutions and activities of the early protagonists in the field of psychiatric genetics: Ernst Rüdin in Munich, Eliot Slater in London, Franz Kallmann in New York and Erik Essen-Möller in Lund. During the 1930s and well into the Nazi period, the last three had been research fellows at the German Research Institute for Psychiatry in Munich. It is documented that there was a continuous mutual exchange of scientific ideas and practices between these actors, and that in all four contexts there were intrinsic relations between eugenic motivations and genetic research, but with specific national adaptations.

scholarly journals Insights into Dyslexia Genetics Research from the Last Two Decades

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Florina Erbeli ◽  
Marianne Rice ◽  
Silvia Paracchini
Keyword(s):  
Language Disorder ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Genetics Research ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Genetic Risks

Dyslexia, a specific reading disability, is a common (up to 10% of children) and highly heritable (~70%) neurodevelopmental disorder. Behavioral and molecular genetic approaches are aimed towards dissecting its significant genetic component. In the proposed review, we will summarize advances in twin and molecular genetic research from the past 20 years. First, we will briefly outline the clinical and educational presentation and epidemiology of dyslexia. Next, we will summarize results from twin studies, followed by molecular genetic research (e.g., genome-wide association studies (GWASs)). In particular, we will highlight converging key insights from genetic research. (1) Dyslexia is a highly polygenic neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex genetic architecture. (2) Dyslexia categories share a large proportion of genetics with continuously distributed measures of reading skills, with shared genetic risks also seen across development. (3) Dyslexia genetic risks are shared with those implicated in many other neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., developmental language disorder and dyscalculia). Finally, we will discuss the implications and future directions. As the diversity of genetic studies continues to increase through international collaborate efforts, we will highlight the challenges in advances of genetics discoveries in this field.

Ethical issues in psychiatric genetics research: points to consider

2003 ◽  
Vol 171 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Bowles Biesecker ◽  
Holly Landrum Peay
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Psychiatric Genetics ◽  
Genetics Research

The Genetics of Gambling and Behavioral Addictions

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 931-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela S.S. Lobo ◽  
James L. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Familial Aggregation ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Behavioral Addictions ◽  
Psychiatric Genetics ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Genetic Studies

ABSTRACTBehavioral addictions are considered as the repetitive occurrence of impulsive behaviors without consideration of their potential negative consequences. These addictions represent an increasing cost to society and are an important new field of research in psychiatric genetics. There has been a growing body of evidence on the familial aggregation and genetic influences on the development of behavioral addictions and mainly on pathological gambling. The aim of this article is to critically review findings of family and molecular genetic studies on behavioral addictions, focusing on pathological gambling and commenting on other disorders where appropriate. This review provides a comprehensive approach to genetic studies on behavioral addiction and points out the necessity of expanding the genetic research in this field. Future directions for genetic studies in this field are also discussed.

Teaching the Teachers the Genetics of Learning: An Application of the Mixed Blessings Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally A. Larsen ◽  
Callie Little
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Teacher Perceptions ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
School Contexts ◽  
Genetics Research ◽  
New Directions ◽  
And Behavior

Decades of educational genetics research has highlighted that differences in academic achievement are partly explained by genetic variation between individuals. Consequently, there is ongoing discussion about whether genetic influences on educationally-related traits should be more widely acknowledged in schools and communicated specifically to teachers. Nonetheless, there is little research on how teachers might interpret such information, and how it might alter their perceptions of the students they teach, or their teaching practice. In this review we draw on the mixed blessings model proposed by Haslam and Kvaale (2015) as a framework for defining both positive and negative repercussions of disseminating the findings of educational genetic research to teachers. We discuss research examining teacher perceptions of student ability and behavior, and findings outlining perceptions of psychological disorders when genetic explanations are invoked. We conclude by proposing new directions for research designed to better understand interpretations of genetic information in school contexts.

Potential Consumers' Attitudes Toward Psychiatric Genetic Research and Testing and Factors Influencing Their Intentions to Test

2009 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 090108090224061
Author(s):  
Mett Marri Laegsgaard ◽  
Ann Suhl Kristensen ◽  
Ole Mors
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Research ◽  
Psychiatric Genetic ◽  
Factors Influencing
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