scholarly journals Prevalence and Heritability of Early Childhood Caries Among Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuradha Kuppan ◽  
Steven Rodrigues ◽  
Victor Samuel ◽  
Mahesh Ramakrishnan ◽  
Hassan S. Halawany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Childhood Caries

Deciphering the relative importance of genetic and environmental factors, which play a major role in the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC), can help clinicians with planning a long-term preventive treatment. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and heritability of ECC among monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins in Chennai, India, in the year 2013. A cross-sectional study was designed to estimate the prevalence of ECC among twins. Zygosity classification for the survey framework was adapted from a highly accurate parental report questionnaire pertaining to the physical similarity between twins. The associated heritability index was estimated. The Decayed, Missing, Filled Surface (DMFS) Index was used as the diagnostic criterion for dental caries. The prevalence of ECC was estimated at 18.7%. The correlation coefficient between the twin pair showed significant correlation. The heritability index for ECC was estimated at 15% higher prevalence of ECC found among children in the age group 25–36 months. The heritability estimate indicated a relatively low genetic influence for early childhood caries among twins. There was no significant difference detected in the concordance rate for the MZ and DZ twins. Further research could be directed toward the prevalence of ECC among higher age group children to explore the role of genetic and environmental factors.

scholarly journals Early Childhood Caries Is Associated with Genetic Variants in Enamel Formation and Immune Response Genes

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zerrin Abbasoğlu ◽  
İlknur Tanboğa ◽  
Erika Calvano Küchler ◽  
Kathleen Deeley ◽  
Megan Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Childhood Caries

Early childhood caries (ECC) is a chronic, infectious disease that affects the primary dentition of young children. It is the result of an imbalance of risk factors and protective factors that influence the disease. The aim of this study was to assess genetic and environmental factors that may contribute to ECC. Two hundred and fifty-nine unrelated children were evaluated using a cross-sectional design. Data on oral habits were obtained through a questionnaire, and caries experience data were collected by clinical examination. Twenty-three markers in 10 genes were studied. Genotyping of the selected polymorphisms was carried out by real-time PCR. Regression analyses were performed comparing individuals with and without caries experience. Of 259 subjects, 123 were caries free. The genotype TT in ALOX15 (rs7217186) was a risk factor for ECC, whereas the genotypes GG in ENAM (rs1264848), AG and GG in KLK4 (rs198968), CT in LTF (rs4547741), and GG in TUFT1 (rs3790506) were protective for EEC. In conclusion, environmental factors and gene interactions can act as protective or risk factors for ECC. These factors together contribute to the presence and severity of the disease.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Salivary Malondialdehyde Levels in Children with Different Caries Status- A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
Dhanalakshmi Ravikumar ◽  
Pratibha Ramani ◽  
R. Gayathri
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Chewing Ability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Salivary Malondialdehyde ◽  
Childhood Caries

Background and Objectives: Early childhood caries is a major public health problem especially in young children. ECC affects the quality of life of young children by affecting the chewing ability of children due to the development of pain and swelling, and this may indirectly affect the nutritional status of a child. The present study was done to assess the level of salivary malondialdehyde in children with and without Early childhood caries. The main objective of the study is to determine the salivary malondialdehyde levels and to compare it with the three groups of children with different caries experiences. Materials and Methods: It is cross-sectional observational research carried out at Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals. Children between 3-6 years were examined and 20 caries-free, 20 children with ECC as well as 20 children with S-ECC were recruited for the study. The caries status was assessed using dmfs and the severity of caries was assessed using pufa index. Salivary samples were collected and analysed for salivary malondialdehyde levels. Statistical Analysis: The data was entered and analysed using SPSS software version 20.0. One-way ANOVA was done to determine the difference in malondialdehyde levels between the groups. “Post-hoc Tukey” test was done to measure the intergroup significance. A “P value of < 0.05” was measured as statistically “significant” and P < 0.001 was deemed as statistically “highly significant”. Pearson’s correlation was done to correlate pufa values with malondialdehyde levels. Results: The results demonstrated that there was a statistically significant difference in salivary malondialdehyde levels among caries-free, ECC as well as S-ECC children. There was a positive correlation between the pufa score and salivary malondialdehyde levels. Conclusion: 1. There is a significant difference in the salivary malondialdehyde levels among caries-free, ECC as well as S-ECC children. There was a positive correlation of salivary malondialdehyde levels and pufa score in ECC and S-ECC children.

Bacterial, behavioral and environmental factors associated with early childhood caries

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Ramos-Gomez ◽  
Jane Weintraub ◽  
Stuart Gansky ◽  
Charles Hoover ◽  
John Featherstone
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Caries

The goals of this cross-sectional study were to characterize and compare demographic, behavioral, and environmental factors potentially associated with early childhood caries (ECC) and to assess salivary levels of mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli (LB) in underserved, predominantly Hispanic children. One hundred forty-six children aged 3 to 55 months with a range of caries experience were identified and examined. ECC was primarily associated with the presence of MS and lack of access to dental care. Salivary MS levels among young children with ECC were higher than would be expected in a dentally healthy population, but lower than levels reported among older children at high risk for caries.After adjustment for age, children with log10 MS ≥ 3.0 or log10 LB ≥ 1.5 were about five times as likely (OR=4.9, 95%CI=2.0,12.0) to have ECC than those with lower bacterial levels. This study demonstrated a significant association between relatively low cariogenic bacterial levels and dental caries in infants and toddlers. Antibiotic use, exposure to lead, and anemia were not significantly associated with the number of decayed and filled surfaces or decayed and filled teeth. ECC correlated significantly with child's age and lack of dental insurance of the children, as well as inversely with both family income and the educational level of the mother of the child.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Relationship Between Sever Early Childhood Caries and Breast Milk`s Lactose Among 12-24 Month Old Children.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Poureslami ◽  
Maryam Sharifi ◽  
Mahla Vahedi ◽  
Salehe Sabouri ◽  
Parnian Poureslami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Childhood Caries

Abstract Aim: The study aimed to investigate the relationship between occurrence of Severe Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC) and breast milk lactose, in infants aged 12 to 24 months.Material and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study performed on 30 children aged 12 to 24 months with or without S-ECC who were solely breastfed, and mothers answered questions about their breastfeeding. After the child's dental visit, the mother was asked to express 10 to 20 ml of her milk as a sample and give it to the researchers. The samples were immediately kept at -4 ° C and then they were tested to lactose measurement. Finally, the test results were analyzed by SPSS 21 software. Results: the average amount of lactose in the breast milk sof cases with S-ECC infant was 5.74g/100 ml and the average amount of lactose in the breast milk of cases without S-ECC infant was 4.64g/100 ml. There was no significant difference in lactose concentration between the two groups (p=0/64). The average number of breastfeeding times in cases with S-ECC infants was 7.87 per day while in the healthy cases this was 7.33 per day. There was no significant difference between the numbers of breastfeeding times per day in two groups.Conclusion: According to this study, the average level of lactose in the breast milk samples was lower than the average level of lactose in breast milk in other countries and the amount of lactose in breast milk of children with S-ECC was slightly higher than the amount of lactose in breast milk in children with healthy teeth.

scholarly journals Relationship between Severe Early Childhood Caries and breast milk`s lactose among 12-24 month old children.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Poureslami ◽  
Maryam Sharifi ◽  
Mahla Vahedi ◽  
Salehe Sabouri ◽  
Parnian Poureslami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Severe Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Childhood Caries

Abstract Aim: The study aimed to investigate the relationship between the occurrence of Severe Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC) and breast milk lactose, in infants aged 12 to 24 months.Material and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was carried out in April to July 2020 on 30 children aged 12 to 24 months with or without S-ECC who were solely breastfed Also, the mothers answered questions about their breastfeeding. After the child's dental visit, the mother was asked to express 10 to 20 ml of her milk as a sample and give it to the researchers. The samples were immediately kept at -4 ° C and then they were tested to lactose measurement. Finally, the test results were analyzed by SPSS 21 software. Results: The average amount of lactose in the breast milk of cases with S-ECC infant was 5.74g/100 ml, and the average amount of lactose in the breast milk of cases without S-ECC infant was 4.64g/100 ml. There was no significant difference in lactose concentration between the two groups (p=0/64). The average number of breastfeeding times in cases with S-ECC infants was 7.87 per day while in the healthy cases this was 7.33 per day. There was no significant difference between the numbers of breastfeeding times per day in the two groups.Conclusion: According to this study, the average level of lactose in the breast milk samples was lower than the average level of lactose in breast milk in other countries, and the amount of lactose in breast milk of children with S-ECC was slightly higher than the amount of lactose in breast milk in children with healthy teeth.

scholarly journals Feeding practices and early childhood caries among children with primary dentition

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Sunanda Sundas ◽  
Barun Kumar Sah ◽  
Neha Dhakal ◽  
Amita Rai ◽  
Neera Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Night Feeding ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Childhood Caries

Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is major oral health problem of young children. Risk factors for ECC are poor oral hygiene and feeding practices. Prevalence and severity of ECC is increasing with change in lifestyle and diet pattern in developing countries. Objectives: To assess the association between feeding practices and severity of early childhood caries in preschool children. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with convenient sample of 96 children up to six years age in Peoples Dental College from July to December 2020. Clinical examination included the recording of dental caries (dmft) using WHO criteria. The self-validated questionnaire consisting seven questions about feeding practices was asked to mothers. The Chi-square test was performed to determine association between severity of ECC and feeding pattern. Results: Mean dmft was 6.77 ± 5.91. Prevalence of severe-ECC (S-ECC) was highest in youngest age group. Caries experience was similar in breast fed, bottle fed, and mixed. There was no significant difference in non-severe ECC and ECC in relation to duration of breast or bottle feeding but frequency of night feeding was associated with S-ECC. Children given ready-made infant formula solid food had more S-ECC (13, 92%) compared to non-severe ECC (1, 7.1%) which was statistically significant. Children given homemade gram flour food were noted to have less of S-ECC (5, 27.5%) than nonsevere ECC (13, 72.5%) which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Present study revealed that multiple night feeding and weaning with readymade food are significant factors for S-ECC.

scholarly journals Comparison of the salivary bacterial colonies number and pH value in early and non-early childhood caries due to consuming infant formula using the nursing bottle

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Dewi Elianora ◽  
Busman Busman ◽  
Febri Mona Ayusa
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Critical Function ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Salivary Ph ◽  
Childhood Caries

Introduction: Saliva plays a vital role in the caries process. The critical function of saliva is to defence against caries. A decrease in the saliva secretion speed can be followed by an increase in the number of bacterial colonies. This study was aimed to determine the comparison of salivary bacteria colonies number and salivary pH on early and non-early childhood caries in children who consumed infant formula using the nursing bottle. Methods: This research was pure experimental research with cross-sectional approach. Fifteen children with ECC and fifteen children with non-ECC aged 2-4 years on Early Childhood Education Programs (PAUD) of Padang, West Sumatera, were included in this study. Thirty subjects were participated in this study and asked to collect saliva into a sterile container provided. Statistical analysis used was independent sample t-test. Results: There was a significant difference in the salivary pH and the number of salivary bacterial colonies on early childhood caries and non-early childhood caries children after consuming infant formula with the nursing bottle (p < 0.05). The number of salivary bacteria colony on the infant with early childhood caries was higher with an average of 407.2 x 10-4/ml, whereas in infant non-early childhood caries was lower with an average of 125.5 x 10-4/ml. The salivary pH on infants with early childhood caries was acid with an average of 6.2, and in infants with non-early childhood caries was normal with an average of 6.9. Conclusion: There is a difference in the number of salivary bacterial colonies in infants with early childhood caries and non-early caries after consuming infant formula using the nursing bottle.Keywords: Early childhood caries, non-early childhood caries, salivary bacterial colonies, salivary pH

scholarly journals Prevalence of early childhood caries among preschool children - A retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 1341-1347
Author(s):  
Farhat Yaasmeen Sadique Basha ◽  
Archana Santhanam ◽  
Raj S S
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Childhood Caries

Dental caries is one of the most common diseases affecting young children mainly caused by the streptococcus mutans when they act on sugary deposits on the enamel. The bacteria produces an acidic environment after breaking down the sugars, resulting in the onset of caries. When this affects children at a very young age, it is known as early childhood caries and it is a serious threat in developing countries. When left untreated it can affect the quality of life of a child. This study aims to determine the prevalence of early childhood caries among preschool children. A retrospective cross sectional study with a sample size 478 preschool children with early childhood caries who were randomly selected from June 2019 to March 2020 from the patients records. Data collected were tabulated with parameters: age, gender, number of affected anterior teeth, Number of missing teeth and number of filled teeth. The results were analysed using Chi-square test in SPSS software. The analysed data is represented as graphs. The most affected age group was five years [31.7%]. Boys seem to be affected more than girls [53.7% &gt; 46.3%]. Affected anteriors were highest in age group 5. Average number of teeth affected were four. The most number of missing teeth was seen in children aged 5 years and the average number of missing teeth was 2. The average number of filled teeth in children aged 3 to 6 years was 5. This necessitates the need to implement preventive and curative oral health programs for preschool children.

Correlation of Child Temperament with Severity of Early Childhood Caries in Children Aged 3-6 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3368-3371
Author(s):  
Atiq ur Rahman ◽  
Muhammad Junaid Hashmi ◽  
Sadia Rashid ◽  
Sobia Siddique ◽  
Qaiser Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Oral Pathology ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Child Temperament ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Caries

Objective: To check the correlation of child temperament with severity of early childhood caries in children aged 3-6 years. Design of the Study: It’s a cross-sectional study. Study Settings: The study was conducted at Department of Dentistry and Oral Pathology, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan from August 2020 to August 2021. Material and Methods: Total 700 children aged between 3-6 years who fulfill the inclusion criteria were selected along with their parents/ primary caregivers. In the present study temperament was assessed using Thomas and Chess’s parent temperament questionnaire. Both intensity and frequency of occurrence of that particular behavior was considered, each entity is scored on a five (5) point scale. Rating is done on negative and positive directions in which scores of 1-5 represent the extremes of intensity and frequency of occurrence of that behavior. At the midpoint, score of 3 is average according to the parent’s insights. Results of the Study: Among the study group of, 24% belonged to the age group 3 years, 29% belonged to age group 4 years, 27% belonged to the age group 5 years and 20% belonged to the age group 6 years. Forty nine percent among the study group were male participants whereas 51% were female participants. Fifty percent of the participants among the study population had caries while 46% of the study participants were free of caries. The results showed that children with caries had lower overall temperament scores (36.49± 5.67) compared to subjects without caries (38.82± 5.43).There was a statistically significant correlation with p<0.001. Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between child temperament scores of Sociability, Energy and Emotionality and Caries Severity Index scores. No correlation could be established with Attentivity and Rhythmicity scores. It can be concluded that in early childhood caries child temperament is a risk factor. Keywords: Temperament, Early Childhood Caries

Evaluation of Possible Associated Factors for Early Childhood Caries and Severe Early Childhood Caries: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Survey

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bugra Özen ◽  
AJP Van Strijp ◽  
Levent Özer ◽  
Hulya Olmus ◽  
Aysegul Genc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Pediatric Dentistry ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Childhood Caries

Objectives: The present study evaluated associated factors for developing early childhood caries (ECC) and Severe-ECC (S-ECC) in a group of children aged 24–71 months. Potential positive effects of early dental visit on formation of ECC is investigated as well. Study Design: This was a multicenter, cross-sectional study conducted at three governmental and university pediatric dentistry clinics in 408 preschool children who were randomly selected from a total of 4116 children. The questionnaires administered to the mothers by interview and intraoral examination performed by calibrated pediatric dentists. The children were evaluated in three groups according to their caries experience as who had caries free, ECC and S-ECC. Results: The following factors were significantly associated with caries formation: 1. Prolonged (i.e., &gt;18 months) breastfeeding in preterm babies (OR=2.4) 2. Prolonged breastfeeding in children who started tooth brushing after 1.5 years of age (OR=3.7), 3. Sugar (p&lt;0.001) and fruit-juice consumption (p&lt;0.0001), and 4. Lack of periodic dental examination (p&lt;0.05). Parental smoking habit does not significantly affect ECC development. Nocturnal bottle feeding and nocturnal feeding also affected S-ECC formation significantly (p=0.043 and p=0.005, respectively). Conclusions: There is a significant difference between the children with caries and caries-free associated with the brushing initiation age started before or after 18 months. If a child is under the risk of multiple caries factors, it is very difficult to evaluate which habits affect the caries formation or increase the severity of the caries lesions.

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