scholarly journals The Twin Study of Negative Valence Emotional Constructs

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 456-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dever M. Carney ◽  
Elizabeth Moroney ◽  
Laura Machlin ◽  
Shannon Hahn ◽  
Jeanne E. Savage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Twin Registry ◽  
Sample Characteristics ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Underlying Risk ◽  
Selection Of

The Twin Study of Negative Valence Emotional Constructs is a multi-site study designed to examine the relationship between a broad selection of potential measures designed to assess putative endophenotypes for negative valence systems (NVS) and early symptoms of internalizing disorders (IDs). In this article, we describe the sample characteristics, data collection protocols, and measures used. Pre-adolescent Caucasian twin pairs were recruited through the Mid-Atlantic Twin Registry; data collection began in February of 2013. Enrolled twins completed various dimensional self-report measures along with cognitive, emotional, and psychophysiological tasks designed to assess NVS function. Parents also completed surveys about their twins and themselves. In addition, a subset of the twins also participated in a neuroimaging protocols. Data collection is in the final stages, and preliminary analyses are underway. The findings will potentially expand our understanding of the mechanisms by which genetic and environmental factors contribute to individual differences in NVS phenotypes and provide new insights into underlying risk factors for IDs.

scholarly journals Is the Relationship Between Binge Eating Episodes and Personality Attributable to Genetic Factors?

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Koren ◽  
Melissa A. Munn-Chernoff ◽  
Alexis E. Duncan ◽  
Kathleen K. Bucholz ◽  
Pamela A. F. Madden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binge Eating ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

Aspects of disordered eating and personality traits, such as neuroticism, are correlated and individually heritable. We examined the phenotypic correlation between binge eating episodes and indices of personality (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and control/impulsivity). For correlations ≥|0.20|, we estimated the extent to which genetic and environmental factors contributed to this correlation. Participants included 3,446 European American same-sex female twins from the Missouri Adolescent Female Twin Study (median age = 22 years). Binge eating episode was assessed via interview questions. Personality traits were assessed by self-report questionnaires. There was a significant moderate phenotypic correlation between binge eating episode and neuroticism (r = 0.33) as well as conscientiousness (r = -0.21), while other correlations were significant but smaller (r ranging from -0.14 to 0.14). Individual differences in binge eating episodes, neuroticism, and conscientiousness were attributed to additive genetic influences (38% [95% CI: 21–53%], 45% [95% CI: 38–52%], and 44% [95% CI: 0.33–0.55%] respectively), with the remaining variance attributed to individual-specific environmental influences. Covariance was attributable to genetic (neuroticism rg = 0.37; conscientiousness rg = -0.22) and individual-specific environmental (neuroticism re = 0.28; conscientiousness re = -0.19) influences. Personality traits may be an early indicator of genetic vulnerability to a variety of pathological behaviors, including binge eating episode. Furthermore, prior research documenting phenotypic correlations between eating disorder diagnoses and personality may have stemmed from etiological overlap between these personality traits and aspects of disordered eating, such as binge eating episode.

scholarly journals Genetic and Environmental Influences on Smoking Behavior across Adolescence and Young Adulthood in the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development and the Transitions to Substance Abuse Follow-Up

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth K. Do ◽  
Elizabeth C. Prom-Wormley ◽  
Lindon J. Eaves ◽  
Judy L. Silberg ◽  
Donna R. Miles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Adolescence And Young Adulthood ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
The Relationship

Little is known regarding the underlying relationship between smoking initiation and current quantity smoked during adolescence into young adulthood. It is possible that the influences of genetic and environmental factors on this relationship vary across sex and age. To investigate this further, the current study applied a common causal contingency model to data from a Virginia-based twin study to determine: (1) if the same genetic and environmental factors are contributing to smoking initiation and current quantity smoked; (2) whether the magnitude of genetic and environmental factor contributions are the same across adolescence and young adulthood; and (3) if qualitative and quantitative differences in the sources of variance between males and females exist. Study results found no qualitative or quantitative sex differences in the relationship between smoking initiation and current quantity smoked, though relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors changed across adolescence and young adulthood. More specifically, smoking initiation and current quantity smoked remain separate constructs until young adulthood, when liabilities are correlated. Smoking initiation is explained by genetic, shared, and unique environmental factors in early adolescence and by genetic and unique environmental factors in young adulthood; while current quantity smoked is explained by shared environmental and unique environmental factors until young adulthood, when genetic and unique environmental factors play a larger role.

HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN IBU DENGAN KEMAMPUAN TOILET TRANING PADA ANAK USIA TODDLER DI RUANG RAWAT INAP E BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D. KANDOU MANADO

e-NERS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanny Ronald Mokorimban ◽  
Amatus Yudi Ismanto ◽  
Rivelino Hamel
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Toilet Training ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Knowledge Support ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Inpatient Department

Abstract: Toilet training is an attempt to train children in urination and defecation. Ability to toilet training toddler age children need treatment as possible. Impacts affecting toilet training in children as the importance of the child,s nadines before initiating toilet training. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between mothers knowledge with the ability to toilet training toddler age children (1-3 years). This research was conducted by cross sectional method, the selection of samples with purposive sampling. Sample of 40 mothers withchildren aged 1-3 years. The research was carried out in December 2012 to Januari 2013. Data collection was done by filling koesioner made by researcher and completed by respondents. The results showed that there is a relationship between mothers knowledge with the ability to toilet training toddler age children. Conclusion there is a relationship with the mothers knowledge with the ability toilet training the toddler-age children in the inpatient department of E BLU Prof. dr. R.D. Kandou Manado. Advice for parents who have toddler 1-3 yearsin order to better prepare the children in the implementation of toilet training. Where is the knowledge, support and patience and agood example to help children in making toilet training independently. Keywords: Toilet Training, and mothers knowledge. Abstrak: Toilet Training adalah usaha untuk melatih anak dalam buang air kecil dan air besar. Kemampuan dalam pelaksanaan toilet training pada anak usia toddler perlu penanganan sedini mungkin. Dampak yang mempengaruhi toilet training pada anak adalah pengetahuan ibu dan pentingnya kesiapan anak sebelum memulai toilet training.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan ibu dengan kemampuan toilet training pada anak usia toddler (1-3 tahun). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan metode cross sectional , pemilihan sampel dengan purposive sampling. Sampel 40 Ibu yang memiliki anak usia 1-3 tahun. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan desember 2012 sampai januari 2013.Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengisian koesioner yang dibuat oleh peneliti dan diisi oleh responden.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu dengan kemampuan toilet training pada anak usia toddler. Kesimpulan Ada hubungan pengetahuan ibu dengan kemampuann toilet training pada anak usia toddler di ruang rawat inap E BLU RSUP Prof. dr. R.D. Kandou Manado. Saran bagi para orang tua yang mempunyai anak usia 1-3 tahun agar sedini mungkin mempersiapkan anak dalam pelaksanaan toilet training. Dimana pengetahuan, dukungan dan kesabaran serta contoh yang baik dapat membantu anak dalam melakukan toilet training secara mandiri. Kata Kunci: Toilet Training, dan pengetahuan ibu.

scholarly journals Genetic and Environmental Contributions of Negative Valence Systems to Internalizing Pathways

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Cecilione ◽  
Lance M. Rappaport ◽  
Shannon E. Hahn ◽  
Audrey E. Anderson ◽  
Laura E. Hazlett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Risk Detection ◽  
Sample Characteristics ◽  
Twin Children ◽  
Adult Twins ◽  
Internalizing Disorder

The genetic and environmental contributions of negative valence systems (NVS) to internalizing pathways study (also referred to as the Adolescent and Young Adult Twin Study) was designed to examine varying constructs of the NVS as they relate to the development of internalizing disorders from a genetically informed perspective. The goal of this study was to evaluate genetic and environmental contributions to potential psychiatric endophenotypes that contribute to internalizing psychopathology by studying adolescent and young adult twins longitudinally over a 2-year period. This report details the sample characteristics, study design, and methodology of this study. The first wave of data collection (i.e., time 1) is complete; the 2-year follow-up (i.e., time 2) is currently underway. A total of 430 twin pairs (N = 860 individual twins; 166 monozygotic pairs; 57.2% female) and 422 parents or legal guardians participated at time 1. Twin participants completed self-report surveys and participated in experimental paradigms to assess processes within the NVS. Additionally, parents completed surveys to report on themselves and their twin children. Findings from this study will help clarify the genetic and environmental influences of the NVS and their association with internalizing risk. The goal of this line of research is to develop methods for early internalizing disorder risk detection.

Marriage and Neurosis in a Working-Class Population

1963 ◽  
Vol 109 (462) ◽  
pp. 592-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Pond ◽  
A. Ryle ◽  
Madge Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
School Age ◽  
Marital History ◽  
Primary School Age ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

The present paper continues our study of the parents of children of primary school age, in a sample taken from one of the authors' N.H.S. list. The details of the selection of this population, the methods of data collection, and the absence of any relationship between various social factors and neuroticism, were described in a previous paper (Pondet al.,1963) and are not repeated here. In this paper we report upon the marital history and adjustment of the parents of these 100 families, and investigate the relationship between neuroticism and these factors.

scholarly journals Self-Compassion and Aggression in College Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-241
Author(s):  
Ferdi W. Djajadisastra
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
The Relationship

The growing number of violence among Indonesian college students demanded further attention. Thus, a study is needed to understand the predictors of aggression among college students. The author proposed that self-compassion was related to aggression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-compassion and aggression in college students. This study involved 300 college students from three different universities in Jakarta and Depok as research participants. Data collection was conducted using self-report measures. It was found that there was a significantly negative relationship between self-compassion and aggression in college students. The result indicates that high self-compassion was related to low aggression in college students.

scholarly journals Early-life antibiotic use and risk of asthma and eczema: results of a discordant twin study

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1902021
Author(s):  
Elise M.A. Slob ◽  
Bronwyn K. Brew ◽  
Susanne J.H. Vijverberg ◽  
Chantal J.A.R. Kats ◽  
Cristina Longo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Twin Study ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Atopic Diseases ◽  
Twin Design ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Discordant Twin

RationaleEarly-life antibiotic use has been associated with the development of atopic diseases, but the aetiology remains unclear. To elucidate the aetiology, we used a discordant twin design to control for genetic and environmental confounding.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study in twins aged 3–10 years from the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR, n=35 365) and a replication study in twins aged 9 years from the Childhood and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS, n=7916). Antibiotic use was recorded at age 0–2 years. Doctor-diagnosed asthma and eczema were reported by parents when children were aged 3–12 years in both cohorts. Individuals were included in unmatched analyses and in co-twin control analyses with disease discordant twin pairs.ResultsEarly-life antibiotic use was associated with increased risk of asthma (NTR OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.28–1.41; CATSS OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.34–1.56) and eczema (NTR OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.03–1.13; CATSS OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01–1.14) in unmatched analyses. Co-twin analyses in monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs showed similar results for asthma (NTR OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.20–1.98; CATSS OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.28–3.13), but opposing results for eczema in the NTR (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.80–1.25) and the CATSS (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.12–2.49). The risk of asthma increased for antibiotics prescribed for respiratory infections (CATSS OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.34–1.56), but not for antibiotics commonly used for urinary tract/skin infections (CATSS OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.88–1.17).ConclusionChildren exposed to early-life antibiotic use, particularly prescribed for respiratory infections, may be at higher risk of asthma. This risk can still be observed when correcting for genetic and environmental factors. Our results could not elucidate whether the relationship between early-life antibiotic use and eczema is confounded by familial and genetic factors.

The Relationship Between Hearing Loss Self-Management and Hearing Aid Benefit and Satisfaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Convery ◽  
Gitte Keidser ◽  
Louise Hickson ◽  
Carly Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Hearing Aid Benefit ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Hearing loss self-management refers to the knowledge and skills people use to manage the effects of hearing loss on all aspects of their daily lives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-reported hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Method Thirty-seven adults with hearing loss, all of whom were current users of bilateral hearing aids, participated in this observational study. The participants completed self-report inventories probing their hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between individual domains of hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Results Participants who reported better self-management of the effects of their hearing loss on their emotional well-being and social participation were more likely to report less aided listening difficulty in noisy and reverberant environments and greater satisfaction with the effect of their hearing aids on their self-image. Participants who reported better self-management in the areas of adhering to treatment, participating in shared decision making, accessing services and resources, attending appointments, and monitoring for changes in their hearing and functional status were more likely to report greater satisfaction with the sound quality and performance of their hearing aids. Conclusion Study findings highlight the potential for using information about a patient's hearing loss self-management in different domains as part of clinical decision making and management planning.

The Relationship Between Narcissism and Personality Traits of the Five-Factor-Model in Adolescents and Young Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 516-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Allroggen ◽  
Peter Rehmann ◽  
Eva Schürch ◽  
Carolyn C. Morf ◽  
Michael Kölch
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Grandiose Narcissism ◽  
Vulnerable Narcissism ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract.Narcissism is seen as a multidimensional construct that consists of two manifestations: grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. In order to define these two manifestations, their relationship to personality factors has increasingly become of interest. However, so far no studies have considered the relationship between different phenotypes of narcissism and personality factors in adolescents. Method: In a cross-sectional study, we examine a group of adolescents (n = 98; average age 16.77 years; 23.5 % female) with regard to the relationship between Big Five personality factors and pathological narcissism using self-report instruments. This group is compared to a group of young adults (n = 38; average age 19.69 years; 25.6 % female). Results: Grandiose narcissism is primarily related to low Agreeableness and Extraversion, vulnerable narcissism to Neuroticism. We do not find differences between adolescents and young adults concerning the relationship between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and personality traits. Discussion: Vulnerable and grandiose narcissism can be well differentiated in adolescents, and the pattern does not show substantial differences compared to young adults.

Coping Style as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Deliberate Self-Harm

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 272-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison S. Christian ◽  
Kristen M. McCabe
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) occurs with high frequency among clinical and nonclinical youth populations. Although depression has been consistently linked with the behavior, not all depressed individuals engage in DSH. Aims: The current study examined maladaptive coping strategies (i.e., self-blame, distancing, and self-isolation) as mediators between depression and DSH among undergraduate students. Methods: 202 students from undergraduate psychology courses at a private university in Southern California (77.7% women) completed anonymous self-report measures. Results: A hierarchical regression model found no differences in DSH history across demographic variables. Among coping variables, self-isolation alone was significantly related to DSH. A full meditational model was supported: Depressive symptoms were significantly related to DSH, but adding self-isolation to the model rendered the relationship nonsignificant. Limitations: The cross-sectional study design prevents determination of whether a casual relation exists between self-isolation and DSH, and obscures the direction of that relationship. Conclusions: Results suggest targeting self-isolation as a means of DSH prevention and intervention among nonclinical, youth populations.

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