scholarly journals Variants Near CCK Receptors are Associated With Electrophysiological Responses to Pre-pulse Startle Stimuli in a Mexican American Cohort

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 727-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trina M. Norden-Krichmar ◽  
Ian R. Gizer ◽  
Evelyn Phillips ◽  
Kirk C. Wilhelmsen ◽  
Nicholas J. Schork ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Startle Response ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Short Delay ◽  
Cck Receptors ◽  
Electrophysiological Responses

Neurophysiological measurements of the response to pre-pulse and startle stimuli have been suggested to represent an important endophenotype for both substance dependence and other select psychiatric disorders. We have previously shown, in young adult Mexican Americans (MA), that presentation of a short delay acoustic pre-pulse, prior to the startle stimuli can elicit a late negative component at about 400 msec (N4S), in the event-related potential (ERP), recorded from frontal cortical areas. In the present study, we investigated whether genetic factors associated with this endophenotype could be identified. The study included 420 (age 18–30 years) MA men (n = 170), and women (n = 250). DNA was genotyped using an Affymetrix Axiom Exome1A chip. An association analysis revealed that the CCKAR and CCKBR (cholecystokinin A and B receptor) genes each had a nearby variant that showed suggestive significance with the amplitude of the N4S component to pre-pulse stimuli. The neurotransmitter cholecystokinin (CCK), along with its receptors, CCKAR and CCKBR, have been previously associated with psychiatric disorders, suggesting that variants near these genes may play a role in the pre-pulse/startle response in this cohort.

An ORBIT Phase 1: Design study of a citywide employer-based walking challenges in a predominantly Mexican American metropolitan area

2020 ◽  
pp. 135910532097765
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Salinas ◽  
Roy Valenzuela ◽  
Jon Sheen ◽  
Malcolm Carlyle ◽  
Jennifer Gay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
El Paso ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Obesity Intervention ◽  
Physical Activity Recommendations ◽  
Orbit Model ◽  
Activity Recommendations

Most Mexican-Americans do not meet current physical activity recommendations. This paper uses the ORBIT model of obesity intervention development as a framework to outline the process of establishing three employer-based walking challenges in El Paso, Texas, a predominantly Mexican American community. The walking challenges were planned and implemented through the Border Coalition for Fitness and participating partnering organizations. Over 2000 participants and several employers took part in the walking challenges. Results from this ORBIT Phase 1 design intervention suggest that walking challenges are a feasible approach to increase physical activity in Mexican-Americans.

Measuring Attitudes and Health Beliefs Among Mexican Americans With Diabetes

1994 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terri Schwab ◽  
Julie Meyer ◽  
Rosa Merrell
Keyword(s):  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cultural Sensitivity ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Belief Model

Adherence to the treatment regimen for patients with diabetes is of major concern to healthcare practitioners, particularly when dealing with the high-risk, low-income, Mexican-American population. Assessing the attitudes and beliefs of this group is vital for planning effective and realistic intervention strategies. Therefore, we designed a culturally sensitive instrument to measure health beliefs and attitudes of low-income Mexican Americans with diabetes. The Health Belief Model (HBM) was used as a basis for this study because it is well accepted as a predictor of health-related behaviors. However, we found that the HBM was not an effective tool for assessing the health beliefs or attitudes of this patient population even after rigorous efforts to operationalize the HBM and after conducting extensive statistical analyses. Only two of the five subscales of the traditional HBM, barriers and benefits, were reliable. Scales to measure acculturation and fatalism were added to increase the cultural sensitivity of the tool. These added components were found to be an important variable in interpreting the results for low-income Mexican-American patients.

The Ambivalent Minority: Mexican Americans and the Voting Rights Act

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Skerry
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
San Antonio ◽  
Voting Rights Act ◽  
News Magazine ◽  
The People ◽  
Political Orientations ◽  
Rich History

In the countless conversations about U.S. immigration policy that I have had with Mexican Americans of varied backgrounds and political orientations, seldom have my interlocutors failed to remind me that “We were here first,” or that “This was our land and you stole it from us.” Even a moderate Mexican American politician like former San Antonio Mayor Henry Cisneros sounds the same theme in a national news magazine:It is no accident that these regions have the names they do—Los Angeles, San Francisco, Colorado, Montana.…It is a rich history that Americans have been led to believe is an immigrant story when, in fact, the people who built this area in the first place were Hispanics.

scholarly journals Ethnic Attrition and the Observed Health of Later-Generation Mexican Americans

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca Antman ◽  
Brian Duncan ◽  
Stephen J. Trejo
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Subjective Measures ◽  
Almost All

Numerous studies find that U.S.-born Hispanics differ significantly from non-Hispanic whites on important measures of human capital, including health. Nevertheless, almost all studies rely on subjective measures of ethnic self-identification to identify immigrants' U.S.-born descendants. This can lead to bias due to “ethnic attrition,” which occurs whenever a U.S.-born descendant of a Hispanic immigrant fails to self-identify as Hispanic. This paper shows that Mexican American ethnic attritors are generally more likely to display health outcomes closer to those of non-Hispanic whites. This biases conventional estimates of Mexican American health away from suggesting patterns of assimilation and convergence with non-Hispanic whites.

Good Neighbor in the American Historical Imagination: Mexican American Intellectual Thought in the Fight for Civil Rights, 1930s–1940s

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Historical Imagination ◽  
American Intellectual ◽  
Good Neighbor

Abstract This article argues that historical narrative has held a significant role in Mexican American identity formation and civil rights activism by examining the way Mexican Americans in the 1930s and 1940s used history to claim full citizenship status in Texas. In particular, it centers on how George I. Sánchez (1906–1972), a scholar of Latin American education, revised historical narrative by weaving history and foreign policy together through a pragmatic lens. To educators and federal officials, Sánchez used this revisionist history to advocate for Mexican Americans, insisting that the Good Neighbor policy presented the United States with the chance to translate into reality the democratic ideals long professed in the American historical imagination. The example of Sánchez also prompts us to reexamine the historiography in our present day: How do we define the tradition and trajectory of Mexican American intellectual thought in U.S. history? This article posits that when Sánchez and other Mexican Americans thought about their community’s collective identity and civil rights issues through history, they were contributing to a longer conversation driven by questions about identity formation and equality that first emerged at the end of the U.S. War with Mexico in 1848. These questions remain salient in the present, indicating the need for a historiographic examination that will change how we imagine the tradition of intellectual thought in the United States.

Mexican American Identity: Regional Differentiation in New Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casandra D. Salgado
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Mexican Immigrants ◽  
Ethnic Identification ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Defensive Strategy ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mexican American Identity

Existing research inadequately addresses the variation in Mexican Americans’ patterns of ethnic identification. Drawing on 78 interviews, I address this question by exploring how conceptions of ancestry and nationality shape ethnic identification among New Mexico’s long-standing Mexican American population, Nuevomexicanos. I find that Nuevomexicanos emphasized their ties to Spanish heritage within the history of New Mexico to explain their ethnicity and to construct their identity in opposition to Mexican immigrants. Although Nuevomexicanos varied in their claims to Mexican ancestry, they generally prioritized their roots in the original Spanish settlement of New Mexico to emphasize distinctions in ancestry, nationality, and regionality from Mexican immigrants. Moreover, despite Nuevomexicanos’ persistent claims to Spanish ancestry, they did not perceive themselves as racially White. Instead, Spanish ancestry was integral to Nuevomexicano identity because it enabled them to highlight their regional ties to New Mexico and long-time American identities. Thus, I argue that Nuevomexicanos’ enduring claims to Spanish ancestry represent a defensive strategy to enact dissociation from stigmatized Mexican immigrants. Overall, these findings show that Mexican Americans’ dissociation strategies are contingent on how they define themselves as members of an ethnic and national community. These findings also indicate that “Mexican American” as an identity term is a loosely maintained membership category among “Mexican Americans” because of their intragroup heterogeneity.

A Co-Morbidity of Alcohol Dependence with Other Psychiatric Disorders in Young Adult Mexican Americans

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Gilder ◽  
Philip Lau ◽  
Abigail Gross ◽  
Cindy L. Ehlers
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Co Morbidity

Familial risk factors and the familial aggregation of psychiatric disorders

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Kendler
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Familial Aggregation ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Potential Importance ◽  
Obstetric Injury ◽  
Familial Risk Factors

SynopsisAll major psychiatric disorders aggregate in families. For most disorders, both genes and environmental factors play an important role in this aggregation. While recent work has tended to concentrate on the importance of genetic factors, this report focuses on the potential importance of environmental risk factors which themselves aggregate in families. In particular, this article examines how much of the familial aggregation of a psychiatric disorder may result from the familial aggregation of a risk factor. The model is illustrated and then applied to putative familial risk factors for schizophrenia and depression. The results of the model suggest that if parental loss and exposure to pathogenic rearing practices are true risk factors for depression, then they could account for a significant proportion of the familial aggregation of depression. By contrast, the model predicts that even if obstetric injury and low social class are true risk factors for schizophrenia, they together would account for only a very small proportion of the tendency for schizophrenia to aggregate in families.

Abstract 1432: Nitric Oxide Bioavailability is Lower in Endothelium of Healthy Mexican American Donors as Compared to Non-Hispanic White Donors: Effect of Nebivolol

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P Mason ◽  
Ruslan Kubant ◽  
Christopher Malinski ◽  
Adam Jacoby ◽  
Robert F Jacob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Coupling Efficiency ◽  
Calcium Ionophore ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
No Bioavailability

Background: Epidemiologic studies indicate that Mexican Americans (MA) have a higher prevalence of CV risk factors and disease as compared with non-Hispanic whites (NHW). This increase in CV risk may be due, in part, to differences in endothelial function. In this study, we measured endothelial function in cells from normotensive, age-matched MA and NHW donors, as well as the effects of treatment with nebivolol, a new β 1 -selective blocker with vasodilating properties. Methods: Endothelial nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO − ) release in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from age-matched MA and NHW donors were measured simultaneously using a nanosensor array. The effects of nebivolol on NO and ONOO − release were evaluated following pretreatment (24 h) with a calcium ionophore (CaI) as a receptor-independent stimulus. Endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) levels were measured by Western blot analysis, and drug-membrane interactions were determined by small angle x-ray diffraction approaches. Results: NO bioavailability in endothelial cells of MA donors was 30% lower than that of cells from NHW donors (383 ± 10 nM versus 543 ± 8 nM, n=6) following stimulation with CaI (1.0 μM). Pretreatment with nebivolol (1.0 μM) eliminated these interracial differences and enhanced NO release disproportionately in MA cells (57%) versus NHW cells (20%). Nebivolol also reduced ONOO − levels in MA endothelium by 75% (746 ± 12 nM to 195 ± 10 nM) and by 50% in NHW cells (416 ± 7 nM to 191 ± 13 nM). The ratio of NO to ONOO − , an indicator of eNOS coupling, increased more than 5-fold in MA cells following nebivolol treatment. In addition, eNOS levels were 40% lower in MA endothelium compared to NHW, but increased 2-fold with nebivolol treatment. These effects were not observed with atenolol, a hydrophilic β 1 -selective antagonist. Conclusion: We observed differences between Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites in endothelial NO bioavailability and nitroxidative stress–factors that may contribute to increased CV risk. Treatment with nebivolol, but not atenolol, enhanced both the expression and coupling efficiency of eNOS in Mexican American endothelium.

Abstract TP182: Stroke Outcome in Mexican American Immigrants and Non-Immigrants

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis B Morgenstern ◽  
Lynda Lisabeth ◽  
River Gibbs ◽  
Sehee Kim ◽  
Charles Agyemang
Keyword(s):  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Stroke Outcome ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Corpus Christi ◽  
Project Outcomes ◽  
Stroke Study ◽  
The U.S

Background/Objective: We studied the association of being born outside of the U.S. (immigrant) or born in the U.S. (non-immigrant) with 90 day post-stroke outcomes in a population-based stroke study in Texas. Methods: Stroke cases from 2008-2016 were identified from the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi (BASIC) project. Outcomes among survivors included ADL/IADL score (higher scores worse) for functional assessment, 3MSE (cognition, lower scores worse), and NIHSS Score (neurologic, higher scores worse). Weighted linear regression models were used to assess the effect of immigration status on the outcomes. Analysis was completed using multiple imputation and inverse probability weighting to account for differential attrition. Results: Of 935 Mexican Americans available for analysis, 83 were immigrants and 852 were non-immigrants. Immigrants had resided in the U.S. on average 47 years. Immigrants were significantly older (69 vs. 66 years), more likely male (60% vs. 49%), more likely to have atrial fibrillation and have less education than non-immigrants (all p<0.05). No differences in hypertension, diabetes, cholesterol, insurance, smoking or other comorbidities existed. The Table provides the data from the fully adjusted models. Immigrants had better functional outcome (mean difference (MD) = -0.22; p=0.02), and no difference for neurologic outcome (MD= -0.15; p=0.15). There was an association of worse cognitive outcome in immigrants (MD= -5.25; p=0.009), however, the association was explained by attenuated after the adjustment for the lower educational attainment in immigrants (MD= -0.79; p=0.64). Conclusions: In this community, there was no evidence of worse stroke outcome among Mexican American immigrants, who had lived in the U.S. for decades, compared with non-immigrants. Further studies of more recent immigrant populations are warranted.

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