Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Personality Trait Stability and Change Across Adolescence: Results From a Japanese Twin Sample

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 545-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Kawamoto ◽  
Toshihiko Endo
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Stability And Change ◽  
Trait Stability ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
The University ◽  
Fitting Model ◽  
Adolescent Personality

We examined developmental trends and sources of stability and change in adolescent personality by using twin data collected from 1981 to 2010 (273 monozygotic (MZ) and 48 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs) from a secondary school affiliated with the University of Tokyo. Phenotypic analyses showed high rank-order stability and substantial mean-level increases in neuroticism and declines in extraversion over the adolescent years. Longitudinal bivariate genetic analyses revealed that the best-fitting model for adolescent personality includes additive genetic and non-shared environmental influences. Heritability estimates ranged approximately from 0.30 to 0.60. Additionally, three-year stability in adolescent personality was influenced mainly by genetic factors, and there were both genetic and environmental innovations in mid-adolescence. Our findings suggest that both genetic and environmental effects have significant roles in the etiology of personality development across adolescence.

scholarly journals Edda Holl (2011): SPRACH-FLUSS — Theaterübungen für Sprachunterricht und interkulturelles Lernen. Ismaning: Hueber Verlag. ISBN 978-3-19-141751-2

2011 ◽  
Vol V (2) ◽  
pp. 109-112
Author(s):  
Rachel Darby
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Communication Training ◽  
German Language ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Berlin Academy ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Interkulturelles Lernen ◽  
The University ◽  
Interactive Exercises

The word „SPRACH-FLUSS“ (flow of language), depicts images of flowing rivers and streams; babbling, gurgling, murmuring along to their destination. They encounter obstacles, turn corners and meander but undeniably reach their goal. SPRACH-FLUSS was a project held in the Sub-Saharan region of Africa in the years 2008 and 2009. 120 pupils and their teachers from 16 countries in Africa took part in these work-shops organised by the Goethe Institute in Johannesburg in conjunction with the Institute for Theatre and Media at the University of Hildesheim in Germany. Of these 120, 20 were invited to put what they learned to use, in a ‘meet-and-greet’ workshop in the Robert-Bosch secondary school in Hildesheim. The high point of this workshop was a stage performance at the Berlin Academy of Art, called „Sprachen ohne Grenzen“ (Languages without Borders). The aim of the workshops, both in Africa and Germany, was for the pupils and teachers to experience through descriptive games, communication training, body work and personality development, a livelier, more enjoyable and more effective method of learning and teaching German. The participants experienced the German language as an international means of communication, during the various interactive exercises they turned corners and meandered but worked hard ...

Stability and Change: The Dark Factor of Personality Shapes Dark Traits

2020 ◽  
pp. 194855062095328
Author(s):  
Ingo Zettler ◽  
Morten Moshagen ◽  
Benjamin E. Hilbig
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Full Information ◽  
Full Information Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Stability And Change ◽  
Level Change ◽  
Measurement Occasion ◽  
Personality Changes

The Dark Factor of Personality (D) is conceptualized as the basic disposition out of which “dark” traits arise as specific manifestations. We herein critically test this conceptualization across nine dark traits in a 4-year longitudinal study with N = 1,261 ( n = 470 at the second measurement occasion, employing full information maximum likelihood estimation) adults from the general population. Results strongly support the conceptualization of D. Specifically, D (1) showed high rank-order stability (higher than any of the dark traits), substantiating that it represents a basic disposition; (2) longitudinally predicted individual differences in all dark traits; and (3) accounted for personality changes in dark traits. Additionally, we investigated the pattern of mean-level change of D and the dark traits. In line with the maturity principle of personality development, D (and most dark traits) decreased with age.

The Genetic and Environmental Structure of the Covariation Among the Symptoms of Insomnia, Fatigue, and Depression in Adult Females

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 720-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon-Mi Hur ◽  
Andrea Burri ◽  
Tim D. Spector
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Pathway Model ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
The Common ◽  
Fitting Model ◽  
Shared Genetic

Although the co-occurrence among symptoms of insomnia, fatigue, and depression has been frequently reported, the etiology of this co-occurrence remains poorly understood. A total of 3,758 adult female twins in the United Kingdom completed a mail-out survey including six questions concerning frequency and severity of symptoms of insomnia, fatigue, and depression. Correlations among the scores of the three symptoms ranged from 0.35 to 0.44. Among various multivariate models we tested, the common-pathway model explained the data best. In the best-fitting model, the common factor was explained approximately equally by genetic and unique environmental factors (49% and 51%, respectively). In addition to the common variance, there was a significant specific variance in each symptom, where unique environmental factors were much larger than genetic factors. These results imply that although there are shared genetic liabilities for the development of symptoms of depression, fatigue, and insomnia, it is environmental experiences that make etiological distinctions among three symptoms.

scholarly journals Stability and Change in Autobiographical Reasoning: A Four-Year Longitudinal Study of Narrative Identity Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate C. McLean ◽  
David Dunlap ◽  
Sarah Jennings ◽  
Nicole Litvitskiy ◽  
Jennifer Lilgendahl
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Narrative Identity ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Stability And Change ◽  
Level Change ◽  
Adult Personality ◽  
Autobiographical Reasoning

Objective. Research on personality development has traditionally focused on rank-order stability and mean-level change in the context of personality traits. The present study expands this approach to the examination of change and stability at another level of personality – narrative identity – by focusing on autobiographical reasoning. Drawing from theory in personality and developmental science, we examine stability and change in exploratory processing and positive and negative self-event connections. Method. We take advantage of a longitudinal study of emerging adult personality and identity development, which includes four waves of data across four years, examining reasoning in two domains of identity, academics and romance (n = 1520 narratives; n = 176 – 638 participants, depending on the analysis). Results. We found moderate rank-order stability in autobiographical reasoning, but more so for exploratory processing than self-event connections. We found mean-level increases for exploratory processing in the context of romance, and stability in the context of academics. For self-event connections, we saw a decrease for positive connections, and for negative connections about romance, with stability for negative connections about academics. Conclusions. Implications include developmental differences in types of reasoning, as well as the sensitivity of narrative identity to revealing the contextual nature of personality development.

Borghuis et al. (2019). Longitudinal associations between trait neuroticism and negative daily experiences in adolescence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen Borghuis ◽  
Wiebke Bleidorn ◽  
Klaas Sijtsma ◽  
Susan Branje ◽  
Wim H. J. Meeus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Best Friends ◽  
Daily Experiences ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Longitudinal Associations

It is well established that trait neuroticism bears strong links with negative affect and interpersonal problems. The goal of this study was to examine the longitudinal associations between neuroticism and daily experiences of negative affect and interpersonal problems during the developmentally important period of adolescence. Dutch adolescents and their best friends (N = 1,046) completed up to six yearly personality trait questionnaires and up to 15 between-year assessment bursts between the ages 13 and 18. During each assessment burst, participants reported on five consecutive days about their experiences of negative affect and interpersonal conflict with their mother and their best friend. We estimated a series of multilevel random-intercept cross-lagged panel models to differentiate covariance at the level of constant between-person differences from dynamic processes that occurred within persons. At the level of constant between-person differences, higher neuroticism was associated with more negative daily experiences. At the within-person level, yearly changes in neuroticism were bidirectionally and positively associated with yearly changes in daily negative affect. The most parsimonious, best fitting models did not contain a random intercept for daily conflict with friend and adolescents’ contingency between daily experiences of conflict with mother and negative affect. Rank-order differences in these variables were positively associated with subsequent within-person changes in neuroticism. We discuss these results with regard to endogenous versus dynamic theories of personality development and the value of using a differentiated statistical approach.

Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Childhood Temperament in South Korean Twins

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 549-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon-Mi Hur
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
East Asians ◽  
Present Sample ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fitting Model

AbstractAlthough genetic basis of childhood temperament has been well documented in western populations, little is known about whether genes play an important role in childhood temperament in East Asians. The present study examined mother's ratings of Emotionality, Activity, and Sociability (EAS) in 894 pairs of 2- to 9-year-old South Korean twins. The best-fitting model indicated that 34 to 47% of the variances of the EAS were attributable to genetic factors, with the remaining variances being due to the effects of environmental experiences unique to each child. Common family environmental factors were negligible. Genetic variances for Activity and Sociability were primarily nonadditive, whereas those for Emotionality were additive. In spite of well known cultural differences in child rearing practices, social values, and the mean levels of temperament between East Asian and western populations, the pattern of additive vs. nonadditive gene actions and heritability estimates found in the present sample were remarkably similar to those reported in western twin samples. There were no significant age or sex differences in genetic or environmental influences. Overall, these results corroborate cross cultural generality of genetic influences on childhood temperament.

scholarly journals The Development of Achievement Goals throughout College: Modeling Stability and Change

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine S. Corker ◽  
Brent Donnellan ◽  
Ryan Bowles
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mastery Goals ◽  
Stability And Change ◽  
Level Change ◽  
Approach Goals ◽  
Goal Change ◽  
Latent Difference Score

Emerging adulthood, defined for many by the college years, is an active period of personality development; less is known about goal change during these years. We investigated stability and change in the 2 × 2 model of achievement goals over 4 years (N = 527). We evaluated rank-order stability and mean-level change, and tested goal coupling hypotheses—the idea that early changes in goals predict later change in other goals—using multivariate latent difference score models. Achievement goals showed moderate rank-order stability over 4 years. Three of four goals demonstrated small normative declines, excepting performance approach goals. A change in mastery approach goals was associated with levels of the other three goals; these goals jointly acted to slow the decline of mastery goals. Trajectories for the other three goals were largely independent. Results suggest that goals are relatively stable individual differences during the college years.

scholarly journals «Can I change mine?» Role Experimentation in Adolescents’ Digitally Mediated Social Emotional Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-122
Author(s):  
K. Potapov
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Social Emotional Learning ◽  
Emotional Learning ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Back Ground ◽  
Adolescent Personality

Schools are increasingly focusing on ways to increase adolescents’ self-efficacy in areas of their life from relationships to sleep. Commercially available apps such as mood and sleep trackers may be able to sup-port this process. This paper draws on Rubtsova’s explication of “role experimentation” and on Vygotsky’s reading of Freud to delineate dynamics within adolescent personality development. This theoretical back-ground is utilized in a study of seven 12—13 year-olds in a secondary school in London. Participants used an app designed by other students to track their sleep for two weeks. Their data mediated dramatic situations while discussing their experiences with their peers in the study. This process supported self-reflection and helped participants develop concepts for talking about their everyday life in subsequent one-on-one interviews. In negotiating peer and student roles, participants experimented with scientific and everyday concepts, allowing them to see their own data and the experiences it signified from a new angle.

Personality Across the Life Span

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 423-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul T. Costa ◽  
Robert R. McCrae ◽  
Corinna E. Löckenhoff
Keyword(s):  
Adult Development ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Stability And Change ◽  
Trait Stability ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
Observer Ratings ◽  
Trait Development

Trait stability and maturation are fundamental principles of contemporary personality psychology and have been shown to hold across many cultures. However, it has proven difficult to move beyond these general findings to a detailed account of trait development. There are pervasive and unexplained inconsistencies across studies that may be due to ( a) insufficient attention to measurement error, ( b) subtle but age-sensitive differences in alternative measures of the same trait, or ( c) different perspectives reflected in self-reports and observer ratings. Multiscale, multimethod—and ideally multinational—studies are needed. Several hypotheses have been proposed to account for trait stability and change, but supporting evidence is currently weak or indirect; trait development is a fertile if sometimes frustrating field for theory and research. Beyond traits, there are approaches to personality development that are of interest to students of adult development, and these may be fruitfully addressed from a trait perspective.

Correlated personality change across time and age

2021 ◽  
pp. 089020702110140
Author(s):  
Gabriel Olaru ◽  
Mathias Allemand
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Change Score ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Lifespan

The goal of this study was to examine differential and correlated change in personality across the adult lifespan. Studying differential and correlated change can help understand whether intraindividual trait change trajectories deviate from the norm and how these trajectories are coupled with each other. We used data from two large longitudinal panel studies from the United States that covered a total age range of 20 to 95 years on the first measurement occasion. We used correlated factor models and bivariate latent change score models to examine the rank-order stability and correlations between change across three measurement waves covering 18 years ( N = 3250) and four measurement waves covering 12 years ( N = 4145). We examined the moderation effects of continuous age on these model parameters using local structural equation modeling. The results suggest that the test–retest correlations decrease with increasing time between measurements but are unaffected by participants’ age. We found that change processes in Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness were strongly related, particularly in late adulthood. Correlated change patterns were highly stable across time intervals and similar to the initial cross-sectional Big Five correlations. We discuss potential mechanisms and implications for personality development research.

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