The Influence of Chorion Type on Health Measures at Birth and Dental Development in Australian and Dutch Twins: A Comparative Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanna Mihailidis ◽  
Michelle Bockmann ◽  
Elise McConnell ◽  
Toby Hughes ◽  
Toos C. E. M. van Beijsterveldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Primary Tooth ◽  
Biological Databases ◽  
Gestation Time ◽  
Australian Sample ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Dutch Sample ◽  
Chorion Type

Chorion type may significantly influence the prenatal environment of twins. This study explored the associations between chorion type and gestational age, birth weight, birth length, and the timing of emergence of the first primary tooth in two populations of twins, Australian and Dutch. Additionally, we investigated the relationship between chorion type and birth weight discordance (BWD) in order to determine whether a significant relationship existed between discordance in birth weight and discordance in the timing of emergence of the first primary tooth. The two study samples consisted of 409 Australian twin pairs and 301 Dutch twin pairs, all of European ancestry. Data were collected through a combination of questionnaires and recording charts administered to the parents and through linkage with biological databases. In the Australian sample, monozygotic monochorionic (MZMC) twins experienced the shortest mean gestation time (35 weeks), the lowest mean birth length (46 cm) and the lowest mean birth weight (2.3 kg) compared with other twin groups. For the same variables in the Dutch sample, these trends with MZMC twinning were not observed. Chorion type did not significantly affect the mean timing of emergence of the first primary tooth in either sample. Monochorionicity was found to be significantly associated with BWD in both samples, but there was a significant association between BWD in MZMC twin pairs and timing of emergence of the first primary tooth only in the Australian sample. Results from this study support previous findings that the timing of emergence of the first primary tooth is influenced strongly by genetic factors and is well protected from environmental disturbances.

scholarly journals The association of women’s birth size with risk of molecular breast cancer subtypes: a cohort study

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie S. Sandvei ◽  
Signe Opdahl ◽  
Marit Valla ◽  
Pagona Lagiou ◽  
Ellen Veronika Vesterfjell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
Birth Size ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
Luminal B

Abstract Background Because birth size appears to be positively associated with breast cancer risk, we have studied whether this risk may differ according to molecular breast cancer subtypes. Methods A cohort of 22,931 women born 1920–1966 were followed up for breast cancer occurrence from 1961 to 2012, and 870 were diagnosed during follow-up. Archival diagnostic material from 537 patients was available to determine molecular breast cancer subtype, specified as Luminal A, Luminal B (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-), Luminal B (HER2+), HER2 type, and Triple negative (TN) breast cancer. Information on the women’s birth weight, birth length and head circumference at birth was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each molecular subtype, applying Cox regression, and stratified by maternal height. Results Birth length (per 2 cm increments) was positively associated with Luminal A (HR = 1.2, 95% CI, 1.0–1.3), Luminal B (HER2+) (HR = 1.3, 95% CI, 1.0–1.7), and TN breast cancer (HR = 1.4, 95% CI, 1.0–1.9). No clear association was found for birth weight and head circumference. The positive associations of birth length were restricted to women whose mothers were relatively tall (above population median). Conclusion We found a positive association of birth length with risk of Luminal A, Luminal B (HER2+) and TN breast cancer that appears to be restricted to women whose mothers were relatively tall. This may support the hypothesis that breast cancer risk is influenced by determinants of longitudinal growth and that this finding deserves further scrutiny.

EFFECT OF ZINK TABLETS INTERVENTION IN ZINC DEFICIENCY OF TRIMESTER III PREGNANT WOMEN TOWARD WEIGHT AND BODY LENGTH OF NEWBORN

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-312
Author(s):  
Nurfadillah S ◽  
Wardihan Sinrang ◽  
Suryani As'ad ◽  
Muh. Nasrum Massi ◽  
Mardiana Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
World Health ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Third ◽  
A Value ◽  
Zinc Levels

Background: According to 2018 World Health Organization (WHO) data globally, an estimated 17.3% of the population has inadequate zinc intake, with estimates ranging from 5.7% in Oceania to 7.6% in Europe, 9.6% in America and the Caribbean, highest in Africa (23.9%) and Asia (19.6%). Zinc is important for the function of a number of enzymes and growth hormones during pregnancy. In pregnant women, the relative zinc concentration decreases up to 35% due to the influence of hormonal changes and the transport of nutrients from mother to baby. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of giving zinc tablets to pregnant women with zinc deficiency in the third trimester on body weight and length of babies born at the Makassar City Health Center. Methods: This type of research is True Experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The sample in this study was 62 samples of third trimester pregnant women, and the sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Measurement of zinc levels in third trimester pregnant women using the Elisa reader kit at the Research Laboratory of the Hasanuddin University Teaching Hospital. The research instruments were in the form of a research explanation sheet, respondent's consent sheet, respondent's checklist sheet, and the mother's zinc tablet consumption control sheet for 14 days. Results: Judging from the average value of newborns in pregnant women who did not have zinc deficiency, the average value of birth weight in pregnant women with zinc deficiency was 15.70 g/dL and 18.95 g/dL. zinc deficiency with a value (p < 0.05), while pregnant women with zinc deficiency have an average birth length of 10.00 g/dL and mothers who do not have a deficiency of 19.87 g/dL with a value (p < 0.05). So, it can be concluded that giving zinc tablets to pregnant women in the third trimester has an effect on Birth Weight (BBL) and Birth Length (PBL). Conclusion: Giving zinc tablets has an effect on increasing zinc levels in third trimester zinc deficiency pregnant women and increasing birth weight and length of the baby.  

scholarly journals PREDICTORS OF AGE AT MENARCHE IN THE NEWCASTLE THOUSAND FAMILIES STUDY

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
MWENZA BLELL ◽  
TESSA M. POLLARD ◽  
MARK S. PEARCE
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Childhood Growth ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Statistical Relationships ◽  
Timing Of Menarche ◽  
Future Work

SummarySeveral studies have found relationships between early life factors (birth weight, length of gestation, height, weight, duration of breast-feeding, maternal age, social class, periods of infection, presence of adverse life events, and quality of housing conditions in childhood) and age at menarche but none has considered all of these factors in the same study. The follow-up study of the Newcastle Thousand Families birth cohort, established in 1947, provided age at menarche data collected retrospectively at age 50 from 276 women who returned self-completion questionnaires in 1997. Three main independent associations were observed: girls who experienced a shorter gestation, girls whose mothers were younger when they were born, and girls who were heavier at age 9 had earlier menarche. Birth weight, standardized for gestational age, was found to have different relationships with age at menarche depending upon how heavy or light a girl was at age 9. The results of this study support the hypotheses that conditions in fetal and early life are associated with the timing of menarche and that greater childhood growth is associated with earlier menarche. It is suggested that future work should focus on illuminating the mechanisms underlying these statistical relationships.

scholarly journals Serum Zinc Level at Term Pregnancy and Newborn Anthropometry

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Seriana ◽  
Yusrawati Yusrawati ◽  
Gustina Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Term Pregnancy ◽  
Serum Zinc Level ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Newborn Anthropometry

Objective: To determine the relationship between serum zinc level at term pregnancy and newborn anthropometry. Methods: This study is an observational study with cross-sectional design. Serum zinc level at term pregnancy was measured and then anthropometric measurement was done to the newborn, including birth weight, birth length and head circumference at birth. The data were statistically analyzed using regression correlation test. Results: Mean serum zinc level at term pregnancy is 36.01 μg/dl (SD=18.34 μg/dl), the average birth weight is 3158 gr (SD=480.4 gr), the average birth length is 48.42 cm (SD=1.75 cm) and the average head circumference at birth is 33.13 cm (SD=1.14 cm). There was no statistically significant relationship between serum zinc levels at term pregnancy and birth weight (p-value=0.152). Meanwhile, there are statistically significant relationships between serum zinc level at term pregnancy with birth length and head circumference with pvalue 0.026 and 0.012, respectively. Conclusion: Serum zinc level at term pregnancy is correlated with birth length and head circumference, but is not correlated with birth weight. [Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 3-4: 190-195] Keywords: birth length, birth weight, head circumference at birth, serum zinc level, term pregnancy

scholarly journals Determinant of Maternal and Hair Zinc Level on Stunting and Developmental Disorders in Under Five Aged Children: A Path Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nunik Ike Yunia Sari ◽  
◽  
Estin Gita Maringga ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
Hair Zinc ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Mid Upper Arm Circumference

ABSTRACT Background: Stunting can cause various developmental problems in children under five. Stunting can reduce a person productivity at a young age and increase the risks of developing non-communicable diseases when older. This study aimed to determine of maternal and hair zinc level on stunting and developmental disorders in under five aged children. Subjects and Method: This was a case study conducted at Gurah Public Health Center, Kediri Regency, East java, August 4-29, 2020. approach with a fixed disease sampling technique. A sample size of 100 subjects was selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was stunting and developmental disorders. The independent variables were pregnant women Mid-Upper Arm Circumference, exclusive breastfeeding, LBW, birth length, hair zinc level. The data were collected by questionnaire, measuring height and weight and checking hair zinc levels in the laboratory. The data were analyzed by path analysis. Results: Child development was influenced by Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (b= 0.12; SE= 0.36; p< 0.001), birth weight (b= 0.29; SE= 0.15; p= 0.042); birth length (b= 0.37; SE= 0.15; p= 0.011), breastfeeding (b= 0.08; SE= 0.04; p= 0.033), stunting (b= 0.39; SE= 0.10; p <0.001), hair zinc levels (b= 0.58; SE= 0.67; p <0.001). Hair zinc levels were affected by birth weight (b= 0.92; SE= 0.04; p <0.001). Stunting was affected by breastfeeding (b= 0.12; SE= 0.04; p <0.001); birth length (b= 0.73; SE= 0.06; p <0.001), zinc levels (b= 0.16; SE= 0.06; p= 0.006) Conclusion: Child development was influenced by Mid-Upper Arm Circumference, birth weight, birth length, breastfeeding, stunting, hair zinc levels. Hair zinc levels were affected by birth weight. Stunting was affected by breastfeeding, birth length, zinc levels. Keywords: maternal determinant factor, hair zinc level, predictor of stunting, developmental disorder Correspondence: Nunik Ike Yunia Sari. School of Health Sciences Karya Husada Kediri. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6282257969278. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.34

scholarly journals Effects of high altitude in pregnancy: an opportunity of research in KAHS

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Binod Aryal
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
South America ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Functional Adaptation ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Adaptation To Hypoxia ◽  
Physiological Changes

Pregnancy is a special condition in a women’s life with unique physiological changes. There has been some research on physiological changes in human body in high altitude; however, there are many things still unknown about pregnancy at high altitude. It is an estimation that about 140 million people worldwide live in high altitude of above 2500 m, and it is believed that the hypobaric hypoxia of pregnancy at high altitude is the most common cause for maternofetal hypoxia. It has been seen that the babies born at high altitude are smaller, and the degree of smallness is inversely correlated with the number of generations of ancestors of high-altitude residence. Some studies show that women in populations with high-altitude ancestry, such as the Aymaras or Quechuas in South America and Tibetans in Asia, deliver heavier babies than women from European ancestry in South America or Han women in China living at high altitude. A study by Jensen and Moore shows that in Colorado, altitude acts as an independent factor in determining birth weight, with a reduction in birth weight of 100 g per 1000 m elevation gain. Studies have shown that low birth weight at high altitude has no association with socioeconomic status. Hence, it may reflect either hypoxia-induced intrauterine growth restriction or genetic adaptation. The latter implies a strong fetomaternal interaction involving adaptation to hypoxia on several levels. It also reflects the importance of interaction between the mother and the fetus which is stressed by the fact that better maternal ventilator response to hypoxic stress at high altitude correlates positively with birth weight. Another study shows that people living at altitudes of 4000 m and above have an arterial partial pressure of oxygen of 50 mmHg and an arterial oxygen saturation of just above 80%. There has been many studies on populations living in high-altitude regions for many generations, like Quechuas and Tibetans, which show many functional and structural adaptations in high altitude. This adaptation helps to allow for a way out for the main metabolic problem they face: maintaining an acceptably high scope for sustained aerobic metabolism despite reduced availability of oxygen in the inspired air. The functional adaptation to high altitude is measured indirectly by determining aerobic capacity, which reflects not only the maximum work performance but also the success of the individual’s biological oxygen transport system.

scholarly journals Maternal total energy, macronutrient and vitamin intakes during pregnancy associated with the offspring’s birth size in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 558-566
Author(s):  
Ehab S. Eshak ◽  
Chika Okada ◽  
Sachiko Baba ◽  
Takashi Kimura ◽  
Satoyo Ikehara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Japanese Women ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
Birth Size ◽  
Dietary Intakes

AbstractMaternal diet during pregnancy can influence fetal growth; however, the available evidence is controversial. We aimed to assess whether maternal diet of Japanese women in mid-pregnancy can affect their offspring’s birth size via collection of questionnaire and medical record data. The studied sample was a large cohort of paired mothers and their singleton offspring (n 78 793) from fifteen areas all over Japan who participated in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study. The mid-pregnancy intakes of total energy, macronutrients and vitamins were lower than the recommended intakes for pregnant Japanese women. Maternal total energy intake was positively associated with the offspring’s birth weight; there was a 10-g mean difference in the offspring’s birth weight of mothers in the lowest (3026 g) v. highest (3036 g) quartiles of energy intake. Carbohydrate intake was positively associated with the offspring’s birth length (mean difference of 0·7 cm) and inversely associated with the ponderal index (mean difference of 0·8 g/cm3). Offspring of mothers in the highest v. lowest quartiles of total dietary fibre intake were on average 9 g heavier and had 0·3 cm longer birth length and 0·2 cm longer head circumference. The highest in reference to lowest intake quartile of vitamin C was associated with 13 g and 0·7 cm mean differences in the offspring’s birth weight and length, respectively. Several other associations were evident for maternal intakes of vitamins and the offspring’s birth size. In conclusion, maternal dietary intakes of energy, dietary fibre, carbohydrate and vitamins during pregnancy were associated with the offspring’s birth size.

scholarly journals Using a two-sample Mendelian randomization design to investigate a possible causal effect of maternal lipid concentrations on offspring birth weight

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1457-1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang-Dar Hwang ◽  
Deborah A Lawlor ◽  
Rachel M Freathy ◽  
David M Evans ◽  
Nicole M Warrington
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The intrauterine environment is critical for fetal growth and development. However, observational associations between maternal gestational lipid concentrations and offspring birth weight (BW) have been inconsistent and ascertaining causality is challenging. Methods We used a novel two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to estimate the causal effect of maternal gestational high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride concentrations on offspring BW. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with serum HDL-C, LDL-C and triglyceride concentrations identified in the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium genome-wide association study meta-analysis (n = 188 577 European-ancestry individuals; sample 1) were selected as instrumental variables. The effects of these SNPs on offspring BW were estimated using a structural equation model in the UK Biobank and Early Growth Genetics consortium (n = 230 069 European-ancestry individuals; sample 2) that enabled partitioning of the genetic associations into maternal- (intrauterine) and fetal-specific effects. Results We found no evidence for a causal effect of maternal gestational HDL-C, LDL-C or triglyceride concentrations on offspring BW [standard deviation change in BW per standard deviation higher in HDL-C = −0.005 (95% confidence interval: −0.039, 0.029), LDL-C = 0.014 (−0.017, 0.045), and triglycerides = 0.014 (−0.025, 0.052)]. Conclusions Our findings suggest that maternal gestational HDL-C, LDL-C and triglyceride concentrations play a limited role in determining offspring BW. However, we cannot comment on the impact of these and other lipid fractions on fetal development more generally. Our study illustrates the power and flexibility of two-sample MR in assessing the causal effect of maternal environmental exposures on offspring outcomes.

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