scholarly journals Ovarian Reserve and Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) in Mothers of Dizygotic Twins

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 634-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. C. Van der Stroom ◽  
Tamar E. König ◽  
Jacqueline M. Vink ◽  
Dorret I. Boomsma ◽  
Cornelis B. Lambalk
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Reproductive Aging ◽  
Follicle Growth ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Control Mother ◽  
Ovarian Aging ◽  
Early Follicular Phase ◽  
A Prospective Study

This study aimed to explore if natural dizygotic (DZ) twinning is associated with earlier menopause and lower anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) values. We investigated if advanced biological reproductive aging, which can be responsible for the multiple follicle growth in familial twinning, is similar to mechanisms that occur in normal ovarian aging, reflected by earlier menopause in mothers of DZ twins and lower levels of AMH. A total of 16 mothers of DZ twins enrolled with the Netherlands Twin Register (average age at first assessment: 35.9 ± 3.0 years) and 14 control mothers (35.1 ± 3 years) took part in a prospective study. Fifteen years after entry into the study, which included follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) assessment, AMH was measured in stored serum samples and menopause status was evaluated. Average AMH levels were not significantly different between DZ twin mothers and controls (2.1 ± 2.4 μg/L vs. 1.9 ± 1.9 μg/L). Among the 16 mothers of twins, 7 had an elevated (FSH) value over 10 U/L at first assessment. Their AMH levels were lower than the nine twin mothers with normal FSH values: 0.6 ± 0.4 versus 3.4 ± 2.6 μg/L (p = .01). Of the mothers of twins, eight mothers had entered menopause at the second assessment compared with only one control mother (p = .07). Thus, slightly more DZ mothers were in menopause than the control mothers, although this difference was not significant. The subgroup of DZ twin mothers who had an increased FSH concentration 15 years ago had a limited ovarian reserve as reflected by lower AMH levels. These data indicate that advanced ovarian aging can be a feature in familial DZ twinning, particularly with elevated early follicular phase FSH.

Relationships between follicle-stimulating hormone, follicle growth and ovulation rate in sheep

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Fry ◽  
MA Driancourt
Keyword(s):  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Follicle Growth ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

The changes in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentration required to affect follicle growth and ovulation rate within individual ewes were examined. Relationships between peripheral FSH concentrations during the late-luteal and follicular phase and subsequent ovulation rates were investigated in 22 ewes from 4 breeds over 3 successive cycles (Experiment 1). Ewes were grouped as follows: Group 1 (n = 6), ewes exhibiting the same ovulation rate at each oestrous cycle: Group 2 (n = 5), ewes with three different ovulation rates at each oestrous cycle; and Group 3 (n = 11), ewes with the same ovulation rate at two oestrous cycles and a different ovulation rate on one occasion. Data from ewes in Group 1 and 3 provided estimates on the variation in FSH concentrations between cycles which were not large enough to alter ovulation rate (range, 0-67% variation in FSH concentration). In Group-2 ewes, there was no consistent association between increases in ovulation rate and the proportional increases in FSH concentrations. Differences in FSH concentrations were often less than those that did not alter ovulation rate in Group-I ewes. Furthermore, only 3 of 11 Group-3 ewes demonstrated high FSH concentrations associated with high ovulation rate (or low FSH concentrations and low ovulation rate) when compared with the concentrations found at the two cycles in which ovulation rate was similar. Hence, there was little evidence that FSH concentrations during the late-luteal and follicular phase are associated with changes in ovulation rate within individual ewes. In Experiment 2, follicles of similar size obtained from the same ewe (FecBFec+ and Romanov) showed markedly different responses in vitro to graded doses of FSH as measured by aromatase activity. It is concluded that, within a ewe, the large variability between gonadotrophin-dependent follicles in their requirement for FSH prevented the expression of any thresholds of ovarian response to FSH.

scholarly journals Gonadotropin Glycoforms Circulating in Women Using Progestins of the Levonorgestrel Family for Contraception

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Eriksson ◽  
Leif Wide
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Treatment Cycle ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Contraceptive Effect

Abstract Context The progestins of the levonorgestrel family are 13-ethylgonane progestins, commonly used for contraception in women. One contraceptive effect of these progestins is inhibition of ovulation, which may be a result of changes in gonadotropin glycosylation patterns. Gonadotropin glycoforms differ in number of glycans and bioactivity: more bioactive low-N-glycosylated glycoforms, diglycosylated luteinizing hormone (LHdi) and triglycosylated follicle-stimulating hormone (FSHtri), and less bioactive fully N-glycosylated glycoforms, LHtri and FSHtetra. Objective Characterize the glycosylation patterns on the circulating gonadotropin glycoforms in women using 13-ethylgonane progestins for contraception. Design, Subjects, Main Outcome Measures Serum samples, collected from 92 healthy women using 13-ethylgonane progestins for contraception, were included. Forty women used progestin-only continuously and 52 used progestins combined with ethinylestradiol (EE) for 3 weeks followed by a hormone-free week. Concentration, sulfonation, and sialylation of each glycoform were determined and compared with follicular phase values of normal menstrual cycles. Results The progestin-only group had significantly increased serum levels, decreased sulfonation, and increased sialylation of LHdi. The LHdi/FSHtri ratio was increased. The progestin+EE group had significantly decreased gonadotropin glycoform concentrations and decreased sialylation of FSHtri. The progestin+EE effect on sialylation of FSHtri occurred later during the treatment cycle in contrast to the effect on FSHtri concentration. Conclusions The 2 different progestin treatments induced different effects on the glycan synthesis and concentrations of more bioactive low-glycosylated gonadotropins. Progestin-only treatment increased sialylation and decreased sulfonation of LHdi molecules, contributing to sustained higher levels of bioactive LHdi molecules. Progestin+EE treatment decreased sialylation of FSHtri, contributing to a shorter half-life and decreased levels of bioactive FSHtri.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Ovarian Aging

Endocrinology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 161 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Işıl Kasapoğlu ◽  
Emre Seli
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Reproductive Aging ◽  
Ovarian Dysfunction ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Ovarian Aging ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

Abstract As women delay childbearing because of demographic and socioeconomic trends, reproductive aging and ensuing ovarian dysfunction become increasingly more prevalent causes of infertility. Age-related decline in fertility is characterized by both quantitative and qualitative deterioration of the ovarian reserve. Importantly, disorders of aging are frequently associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, as are impaired oogenesis and embryogenesis. Ongoing research explores the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in ovarian aging, and potential ways to exploit mitochondrial mechanisms to slow down or reverse age-related changes in female gonads.

scholarly journals Both Inhibin A and B Respond to Exogenous Follicle-Stimulating Hormone in the Follicular Phase of the Human Menstrual Cycle1

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 4167-4169
Author(s):  
Henry G. Burger ◽  
Nigel P. Groome ◽  
David M. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Serum Estradiol ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Human Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent

To ascertain whether changes in the concentrations of the dimeric inhibins A and/or B (INH-A and INH-B) contributed to the previously described dose-dependent increase in immunoreactive inhibin (INH) in response to FSH during the follicular phase of the human menstrual cycle, both dimers were measured by specific two-site assays in stored serum samples from regularly cycling normal volunteers who had received saline as a control (n = 5) or FSH [100 IU (n = 6) or 200 IU (n = 5)] between days 3–5 of the menstrual cycle. Both INH-A and INH-B showed a dose-dependent increase in response to administered FSH; INH-A rose from 13.5 to 35.9 ng/L (P < 0.01), and INH-B rose from 77.8 to 205 ng/L (P < 0.05) at 36 h after 200 IU FSH. Highly significant correlations were observed between INH and each of the specific inhibin dimers (A: r= 0.79, P < 0.001; B: r = 0.76, P < 0.001), and the responses of the two dimers were also highly correlated (r = 0.59, P < 0.001). The response of each inhibin was also highly correlated with the response of serum estradiol (A: r = 0.45, P < 0.001; B: r = 0.40, P< 0.001). When analyzed by ANOVA, the INH response of INH-B was significantly above the control value at 36 h after treatment with both 100 and 200 IU FSH, whereas the response of INH-A was significant only at 200 IU. It is concluded that the concentrations of both dimeric INH-A and INH-B are stimulated by increases in FSH within the physiological range in the follicular phase of the human menstrual cycle and that both contribute to the previously observed rise in INH.

Emergent Oscillations in Mathematical Model of the Human Menstrual Cycle

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 805-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie L. Rasgon ◽  
Lara Pumphrey ◽  
Paolo Prolo ◽  
Shana Elman ◽  
Andre B. Negrao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Oscillatory Behavior ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Gonadal Steroids ◽  
Early Follicular Phase ◽  
Human Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

ABSTRACTBackground:The aim of this study was to develop a mathematical model of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis that would reflect available data in humans.Methods:A model of hormonal relationships at the early follicular and midluteal phases of the human menstrual cycle is proposed.Findings:Two distinct temporal patterns of oscillatory behavior have been demonstrated for both pituitary and gonadal steroids in the early follicular phase: first, rapid oscillations in gonadotropin releasing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone (Q∼1 hour) that were an immediate consequence of the programmed equations. Second, there were slower, undulating, emergent rhythms in luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone, and also in estrogen, having oscillatory periods of 2–12 hours. There was also a longer-period (Q2–3 days) emergent rhythm in progesterone. In the mid-luteal phase, estrogen and progesterone rhythms were correlated, and all hormones showed an ∼6-hour periodicity.Conclusion:To our knowledge, the oscillatory behavior of peripheral sex steroids in the follicular phase has not been previously noted.

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