scholarly journals Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms and Related Sex Differences in Brain Structure: An MRI Study in Dutch Twins

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 516-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouk den Braber ◽  
Eco J.C. de Geus ◽  
Dorret I. Boomsma ◽  
Dennis van ‘t Ent
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Right

Neuroimaging studies have indicated abnormalities in cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits in obsessive–compulsive disorder patients, but results have not been consistent. Since there are significant sex differences in human brain anatomy and obsessive–compulsive symptomatology and its developmental trajectories tend to be distinct in males and females, we investigated whether sex is a potential source of heterogeneity in neuroimaging studies on obsessive–compulsive symptoms. We selected male and female twin pairs who were concordant for scoring either high or low for obsessive–compulsive symptoms and a group of discordant pairs where one twin scored high and the co-twin scored low. The design included 24 opposite-sex twin pairs. Magnetic resonance imaging scans of 31 males scoring high for obsessive–compulsive symptoms, 41 low-scoring males, 58 high-scoring females, and 73 low-scoring females were analyzed and the interaction of obsessive–compulsive symptoms by sex on gray matter volume was assessed using voxel-based morphometry. An obsessive–compulsive symptom by sex interaction was observed for the left middle temporal gyrus, the right middle temporal gyrus, and the right precuneus. These interactions acted to reduce or hide a main effect in our study and illustrate the importance of taking sex into account when investigating the neurobiology of obsessive–compulsive symptoms.

Sex Differences in Genetic and Environmental Influences on Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms in South Korean Adolescent and Young Adult Twins

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon-Mi Hur ◽  
Hoe-Uk Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
South Korean

AbstractRecent molecular genetic studies provide suggestive evidence for sexual dimorphism in genetics of obsessive-compulsive disorder. However, only a few twin studies have addressed the question of sex differences in genetic and environmental contributions to variation of obsessive–compulsive symptoms. The aim of the present study was to estimate genetic and environmental influences on obsessive–compulsive symptoms in South Korean twins, with a special emphasis on sex difference. In total, 751 adolescent and young adult twin pairs (ages: 13–23 years) completed a Korean version of the 30 items of the Maudsley Obsessional — Compulsive Inventory (MOCI) through a mail survey. A sum of the answers for the 30 items was calculated to represent a total score for obsessive–compulsive symptoms (hereafter, the MOCIT). Males had significantly higher variance of the MOCIT than did females. In males, monozygotic (MZ) twin correlation was significantly higher than dizygotic (DZ) twin correlations (.56 vs. .24), whereas in females, MZ and DZ twin correlations were not significantly different from each other (.39 vs. .36). The general sex-limitation model was applied to the twin data. The results of model-fitting analyses indicated that the unstandardized genetic variance as well as heritability estimate (53% vs. 41%) for the MOCIT was higher in males than in females. However, shared environmental influences did not attain statistical significance perhaps due to insufficient statistical power.

scholarly journals Aberrant functional connectivity density in patients with treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: a pilot study

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 2434-2445
Author(s):  
Pei Wei Shan ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Caixing Liu ◽  
Yunyi Han ◽  
Lina Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Functional Connections ◽  
Processing Ability ◽  
Treatment Refractory ◽  
Left Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Processing Circuit ◽  
Left Middle

Objective Functional connectivity (FC) is altered in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Most previous studies have focused on the strength of FC in patients with OCD; few have examined the number of functional connections in these patients. The number of functional connections is an important index for assessing aberrant FC. In the present study, we used FC density (FCD) mapping to explore alterations in the number of functional connections in patients with treatment-refractory OCD (TROCD) using the FCD index. Methods Twenty patients with TROCD and 20 patients with OCD in clinical remission were enrolled in the study. Global FCD (gFCD) was adopted to compare the differences between the two groups of patients. Results The gFCD in the left middle temporal gyrus was lower in the patients with TROCD than in those with remitted OCD, suggesting that decreased information processing ability may play a significant role in TROCD. Conclusion The left middle temporal gyrus is a key component of the emotional processing circuit and attentional processing circuit. Decreased information processing ability in this brain region may play a significant role in TROCD; however, further well-designed follow-up studies are needed to support this hypothesis.

scholarly journals 0080 Daytime Sleepiness Correlates with Increased Gray Matter Volume in the Right Middle Temporal Gyrus in Healthy Young Individuals

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A32-A32
Author(s):  
A I Burns ◽  
A Bullock ◽  
A C Raikes ◽  
N S Dailey ◽  
M A Grandner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

Abstract Introduction Daytime sleepiness has been associated with some neuroimaging metrics, including altered functional connectivity within the default mode network and decreased gray matter volume (GMV) of the medial prefrontal cortex. Most prior studies, however, have focused on patients with sleep disorders or other pathologies. Here we examined the association between GMV and self-reported daytime sleepiness among a healthy group of young adults who reported no sleep-related problems. Methods Forty-five healthy adults (22 female; Mean Age=25.4, SD=5.6), who self-reported no history of sleep-related disorders or major medical conditions, completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Repeatable Battery for Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and underwent high-resolution structural neuroimaging at 3T. Gray matter volumes were processed using standard procedures in SPM12. After controlling for age, sex, and intracranial volume, GMV was regressed against ESS scores. Results Greater ESS was associated with larger GMV within a cluster of voxels in the right middle temporal gyrus (MNI coordinates: 57, -9, -22; k=1344 voxels, p=.003, FWE cluster corrected). After controlling for ESS scores, larger GMV in this region was associated with poorer delayed memory performance (r=-.345, p=.022) and total neurocognitive performance on the RBANS (r=-.303, p=.046). Conclusion Greater daytime sleepiness in healthy normal sleepers was associated with greater GMV within a region of the right middle temporal gyrus. Greater volume of this region was also associated with poorer neuropsychological performance. Decreased GMV of this same region has previously been reported in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and insomnia, suggesting that it may be particularly sensitive to sleep disruption or may play a role in the etiology of sleep disorders, even among young individuals who deny any history of sleep-related dysfunction. Longitudinal work should focus on the potential of this region as a biomarker of vulnerability to sleep problems. Support  

scholarly journals Aberrant Resting-State Cerebellar-Cerebral Functional Connectivity in Unmedicated Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keitaro Murayama ◽  
Hirofumi Tomiyama ◽  
Sae Tsuruta ◽  
Aikana Ohono ◽  
Mingi Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Magnetic Imaging ◽  
The Right

Background: Although abnormality of cerebellar-cerebral functional connectivity at rest in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been hypothesized, only a few studies have investigated the neural mechanism. To verify the findings of previous studies, a large sample of patients with OCD was studied because OCD shows possible heterogeneity.Methods: Forty-seven medication-free patients with OCD and 62 healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state functional magnetic imaging scans. Seed-based connectivity was examined to investigate differences in cerebellar-cerebral functional connectivity in OCD patients compared with HCs. Correlations between functional connectivity and the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms were analyzed.Results: In OCD, we found significantly increased functional connectivity between the right lobule VI and the left precuneus, which is a component of the default mode network (DMN), compared to HCs. However, there was no correlation between the connectivity of the right lobule VI-left precuneus and obsessive-compulsive severity.Conclusions: These findings suggest that altered functional connectivity between the cerebellum and DMN might cause changes in intrinsic large-scale brain networks related to the traits of OCD.

Brain anatomy of symptom stratification in schizophrenia: A voxel based morphometry study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S345-S345
Author(s):  
G. Delvecchio ◽  
A. Lorandi ◽  
C. Perilini ◽  
M. Barillari ◽  
M. Ruggeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Cerebellar Gray Matter

IntroductionAlthough some magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have investigated the existence of a relationship between clinical severity and neuroanatomical alterations in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), the biological signature associated with illness severity in schizophrenia is still uncertain.ObjectivesThis study aims to investigate structural brain abnormalities in SCZ with particular regards to the identification of potential deficits associated to the severity of illness.Methods1.5 T MRI data were acquired for 61 subjects with SCZ and 59 matched healthy controls (HC). The patient group was divided in two subgroups based on clinical severity, one composed by 34 mild-to-moderately ill patients and the other one by 27 severely ill patients, and compared with matched HC.ResultsThe whole group of patients with SCZ had significantly reduced gray matter (GM) volumes in left inferior and middle temporal gyrus compared to HC (P < 0.05, pFWE corrected). Furthermore, compared to HC, patients with mild-to-moderate illness showed decreased GM volumes in inferior temporal gyrus (P < 0.05, pFWE corrected) whereas those with severe illness had reduced right cerebellum (P < 0.05, cFWE corrected). No differences were observed between the two subgroups of patients.ConclusionsOur results showed significant GM volume reductions in left inferior and middle temporal gyrus in patients with SCZ compared to matched HC, confirming the role of this region in the pathophysiology of SCZ. Furthermore, we identified specific cerebellar gray matter volume reductions in patients with severe illness, which may contribute to stratify patients with SCZ according to their clinical phenotype expression, ultimately helping in guiding targeted therapeutic/rehabilitation interventions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Sex Differences in Anxiety Disorders

2019 ◽  
pp. 404-432
Author(s):  
Teresa A. Piggott ◽  
Alexandra N. Duran ◽  
Isha Jalnapurkar ◽  
Tyler Kimm ◽  
Stephanie Linscheid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Psychosocial Influences ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Women are more likely than men to meet lifetime criteria for an anxiety disorder. Moreover, anxiety is a risk factor for the development of other psychiatric conditions, including major depression. Numerous studies have identified evidence of sex differences in anxiety disorders, and there is considerable research concerning factors that may contribute to vulnerability for anxiety in females. In addition to psychosocial influences, biological components such as the female reproductive hormone cycle have also been implicated. Although psychotropic medication is more likely to be prescribed to women, there is little controlled data available concerning sex differences in the efficacy and/or tolerability of pharmacotherapy in anxiety disorders. This chapter provides an overview of the impact of gender in the epidemiology, phenomenology, course, and treatment response in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder (SAD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), panic disorder (PD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

Recurrent hyperperfusion in the right orbitofrontal cortex in obsessive–compulsive disorder

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 1082-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryohei Matsumoto ◽  
Takashi Nakamae ◽  
Takafumi Yoshida ◽  
Yurinosuke Kitabayashi ◽  
Yo Ushijima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Right

Disentangling Doubt and Checking Behaviors and Examining Their Association With Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms

2021 ◽  
pp. 216770262199386
Author(s):  
Asher Y. Strauss ◽  
Isaac Fradkin ◽  
Jonathan D. Huppert
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Tracking ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Null Results ◽  
Unobtrusive Measure ◽  
Compulsive Checking ◽  
Tone Discrimination ◽  
Neutral Conditions ◽  
The Relationship

Experiencing doubt in an uncertain situation has been theorized to be an antecedent of compulsive checking. However, whether and when obsessive compulsive (OC) symptoms are associated with experiencing doubt and increased checking is unclear. In this study, we investigated the relationship between OC symptoms, the experience of doubt, and checking in a tone-discrimination task. Doubt was measured using mouse tracking, an indirect, unobtrusive measure. The results of two studies ( N = 119) showed that OC symptoms were associated with elevated experiences of doubt when uncertainty was low. However, OC symptoms were not associated with increased checking, but doubt was. Results highlight the utility of mouse-tracking measures to capture the tendency of individuals with OC symptoms to experience doubt even under neutral conditions. The unexpected null results concerning checking suggest some specific directions for research to determine the conditions under which doubt evolves into checking in obsessive compulsive disorder.

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