scholarly journals Offspring ADHD as a Risk Factor for Parental Marital Problems: Controls for Genetic and Environmental Confounds

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 700-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice C. Schermerhorn ◽  
Brian M. D'Onofrio ◽  
Wendy S. Slutske ◽  
Robert E. Emery ◽  
Eric Turkheimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Marital Conflict ◽  
Parental Divorce ◽  
Marital Problems ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Twin Registry ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Adult Twins ◽  
Discordant Twin

Background: Previous studies have found that child attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with more parental marital problems. However, the reasons for this association are unclear. The association might be due to genetic or environmental confounds that contribute to both marital problems and ADHD. Method: Data were drawn from the Australian Twin Registry, including 1,296 individual twins, their spouses, and offspring. We studied adult twins who were discordant for offspring ADHD. Using a discordant twin pairs design, we examined the extent to which genetic and environmental confounds, as well as measured parental and offspring characteristics, explain the ADHD–marital problems association. Results: Offspring ADHD predicted parental divorce and marital conflict. The associations were also robust when comparing differentially exposed identical twins to control for unmeasured genetic and environmental factors, when controlling for measured maternal and paternal psychopathology, when restricting the sample based on timing of parental divorce and ADHD onset, and when controlling for other forms of offspring psychopathology. Each of these controls rules out alternative explanations for the association. Conclusion: The results of the current study converge with those of prior research in suggesting that factors directly associated with offspring ADHD increase parental marital problems.

scholarly journals Genetic and environmental aspects in the association between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and binge-eating behavior in adults: a twin study

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (16) ◽  
pp. 2866-2878 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Capusan ◽  
S. Yao ◽  
R. Kuja-Halkola ◽  
C. M. Bulik ◽  
L. M. Thornton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Adult Twins

BackgroundPrior research demonstrated that attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with binge-eating behavior, binge-eating disorder (BED), and bulimia nervosa (BN). The aim of this study was to investigate these associations in an adult twin population, and to determine the extent to which ADHD symptoms and binge-eating behavior share genetic and environmental factors.MethodsWe used self-reports of current ADHD symptoms and lifetime binge-eating behavior and associated characteristics from a sample of over 18 000 adult twins aged 20–46 years, from the population-based Swedish Twin Registry. Mixed-effects logistic regression was used to examine the association between ADHD and lifetime binge-eating behavior, BED, and BN. Structural equation modeling was used in 13 773 female twins to determine the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the association between ADHD symptoms and binge-eating behavior in female adult twins.ResultsADHD symptoms were significantly associated with lifetime binge-eating behavior, BED, and BN. The heritability estimate for current ADHD symptoms was 0.42 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41–0.44], and for lifetime binge-eating behavior 0.65 (95% CI 0.54–0.74). The genetic correlation was estimated as 0.35 (95% CI 0.25–0.46) and the covariance between ADHD and binge-eating behavior was primarily explained by genetic factors (91%). Non-shared environmental factors explained the remaining part of the covariance.ConclusionsThe association between adult ADHD symptoms and binge-eating behavior in females is largely explained by shared genetic risk factors.

scholarly journals Risk of suicide attempts in adolescents and young adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a nationwide longitudinal study

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Lin Huang ◽  
Han-Ting Wei ◽  
Ju-Wei Hsu ◽  
Ya-Mei Bai ◽  
Tung-Ping Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

BackgroundAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) increases the risk of suicidal behaviours through psychiatric comorbidities; however, a significant direct association has not been observed between ADHD and suicide attempts.AimsTo evaluate the risk of suicide attempt in adolescents and young adults with ADHD.MethodUsing a nationwide, population-based insurance claims database, this longitudinal cohort study enrolled 20 574 adolescents and young adults with ADHD and 61 722 age- and gender-matched controls between 2001 and 2009. Any suicide attempt was identified from enrolment to 31 December 2011. The association between ADHD medications and the likelihood of suicide attempt was assessed.ResultsADHD was an independent risk factor for any suicide attempt (hazard ratio = 3.84, 95% CI = 3.19–4.62) and repeated suicide attempts (hazard ratio = 6.52, 95% CI = 4.46–9.53). Subgroup analyses of men, women, adolescents and young adults demonstrated the same trend. Methylphenidate or atomoxetine treatment did not increase the risk of suicide attempt or repeated suicide attempts. Long-term methylphenidate treatment was associated with a significantly decreased risk of repeated suicide attempts in men (hazard ratio = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.22–0.97).ConclusionADHD was a risk factor for suicide attempt and a stronger predictor of repeated suicide attempts, independent of comorbidities. Further investigation is warranted to explore the mechanism underlying the association between ADHD and suicidal behaviours.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals Manipulations and Spins in Attention Disorders Research: The Case of ADHD and COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-113
Author(s):  
Yaakov Ophir ◽  
Yaffa Shir-Raz
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Attention Disorders ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Profile Study

This article raises awareness to manipulations and “spins” that occur in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) research. An in-depth inspection was conducted on a high-profile study that suggested that ADHD is a risk factor for infection with COVID-19 and that stimulants reduce that risk (Merzon et al., 2020b). Two additional studies by the same first author were inspected as well, one that was published in the same journal and one that relied on the same dataset. Seven manipulations and spins were identified, including inappropriate operational definitions, misrepresentations, and omissions that produced bogus results and might have concealed potential adverse effects of medications. These distortions illustrate how biased science can contribute to the ethically problematic phenomena of overdiagnosis and overmedication.

Non-Pharmacological Treatment of ADHD Across the Lifespan

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S33-S33
Author(s):  
A. Philipsen
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Psychosocial Consequences ◽  
Phase Iii Studies

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a serious risk factor for co-occurring psychiatric disorders and negative psychosocial consequences over the lifespan. Given this background, there is a need for an effective treatment of ADHD patients.In the lecture, evidence-based psychosocial interventions for ADHD will be presented.Disclosure of interestBooks and articles on ADHD.Ad Boards, Phase-III Studies on ADHD in the last five years.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as a risk factor for persistent nocturnal enuresis in children: A two-year follow-up study

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 1619-1625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Baeyens ◽  
Herbert Roeyers ◽  
Isolde Demeyere ◽  
Sylvie Verté ◽  
Piet Hoebeke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Nocturnal Enuresis ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Follow Up Study
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