scholarly journals A Behavioral Genetic Study of Humor Styles in an Australian Sample

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 663-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Baughman ◽  
E. A. Giammarco ◽  
Livia Veselka ◽  
Julie A. Schermer ◽  
Nicholas G. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Humor Styles ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Twin Registry ◽  
Australian Sample ◽  
Adult Twins ◽  
Behavioral Genetic Study

The present study investigated the extent to which individual differences in humor styles are attributable to genetic and/or environmental factors in an Australian sample. Participants were 934 same-sex pairs of adult twins from the Australian Twin Registry (546 monozygotic pairs, 388 dizygotic pairs) who completed the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ). The HSQ measures four distinct styles of humor — affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive, and self-defeating. Results revealed that additive genetic and non-shared environmental factors accounted for the variance in all four humor styles, thus replicating results previously obtained in a sample of twins from the United Kingdom. However, a study conducted with a U.S. sample produced different results and we interpret these findings in terms of cross-cultural differences in humor.

scholarly journals Disease threat does not predict attractiveness preference in a United Kingdom dataset: a replication attempt and commentary on White et al., Psych Sci 2013

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustav Nilsonne ◽  
Adam Renberg ◽  
Sandra Tamm ◽  
Mats Lekander
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Congressional Elections ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Members Of Parliament ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Using Data

Background: A study by White et al. found that population disease burden predicted preference for attractive politicians in U.S. congressional elections. Aim: We aimed to replicate this finding using data from the United Kingdom. Method: We regressed rated sexiness of elected members of parliament on health metrics from their constituencies: life expectancy, infant mortality, and self-rated health. Results: None of the health metrics predicted rated sexiness of members of parliament. Conclusion: Further investigation is needed to verify whether the proposed relationship is important and whether it is moderated by other factors such as cross-cultural differences.

scholarly journals Disease threat does not predict attractiveness preference in a United Kingdom dataset: a replication attempt and commentary on White et al., Psych Sci 2013

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustav Nilsonne ◽  
Adam Renberg ◽  
Sandra Tamm ◽  
Mats Lekander
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Congressional Elections ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Members Of Parliament ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Using Data

Background: A study by White et al. found that population disease burden predicted preference for attractive politicians in U.S. congressional elections. Aim: We aimed to replicate this finding using data from the United Kingdom. Method: We regressed rated sexiness of elected members of parliament on health metrics from their constituencies: life expectancy, infant mortality, and self-rated health. Results: None of the health metrics predicted rated sexiness of members of parliament. Conclusion: Further investigation is needed to verify whether the proposed relationship is important and whether it is moderated by other factors such as cross-cultural differences.

Differences in Office-Based Personal Space Perception Between British and Korean Populations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Richardson ◽  
Crescent Jicol ◽  
Gerald Taulo ◽  
Jaehyun Park ◽  
Hyun K. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Space Perception ◽  
Personal Space ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Spatial Density ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Workplace Experience ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Levels

We sought to understand how the perception of personal space is influenced by different levels of social density, spatial density, and type of view impact in South Korea and in the United Kingdom. We employed virtual reality (VR) technology to simulate shared and single occupancy offices and tested a sample of 20 British and 24 Korean participants. Uniquely, we obtained personal space estimations using a virtual disc around the participant which could be extended and retracted to indicate perceived amount of personal space. A more traditional personal space satisfaction score was also determined. We found that in both cultures participants experienced greater perceived personal space 1) when in a sparse rather than dense office and 2) having a view of the city outside the office. Both British and Korean participants had higher personal space satisfaction in the single occupancy office than in shared offices. However, British, but not Korean, participants had significantly higher personal space estimations in single occupancy offices than in shared offices. These results suggest that there is some disparity between abstract scores of personal space satisfaction and more concrete personal space estimates; further, this may be linked to subtle cross-cultural differences in workplace experience.

scholarly journals Cross-Cultural Variations in Naïve Psychology among 2-year-olds: A Comparison of Children in the United Kingdom and Singapore

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 221-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie R. Cebula ◽  
Ai Keow Lim ◽  
Joanne M. Williams ◽  
Dagmara Annaz
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Variations ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Western Values ◽  
The Uk

AbstractChildren’s understanding of naïve psychology is the main focus of this study. Research evidence suggests that 2- and 3-year-olds understand some aspects of naïve psychology. By 4 years, they develop internal representations of mental states. Previous studies have also reported cross-cultural variations in naïve psychology development. The majority of this research has focused on Western individualistic societies such as Australia, Europe and North America, and Eastern collectivism societies such as China and Japan. Singapore with its blend of Eastern and Western values represents a unique case for comparison with Western societies. This paper reports a cross-cultural study of young children’s developing understanding of naïve psychology in Edinburgh, UK and Singapore. It addresses three main questions: (a) Are there cross-cultural differences in the development of naïve psychology?; (b) What are children’s performance sequences on naïve psychology tasks?; and (c) Are naïve psychology concepts coherent? The participants were 87 children from the UK (n=43, mean age 2 years 4 months) and Singapore (n=44, mean age 2 years 5 months). This study incorporated several established tasks of pretence, desires, emotions, perceptions, appearance-reality and false-beliefs to investigate children’s understanding of non-representational and representational mental states. The results showed no gross cross-cultural differences. However, significant cultural differences in performance on two tasks and differences in the coherence of naïve psychology concepts were identified. The results highlight the importance of considering subtle cultural influences on children’s developing understanding of various aspects of naïve psychology.

Cognitive gadgets: A provocative but flawed manifesto

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Del Giudice
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Evolutionary Approach ◽  
Genetic Inheritance ◽  
Double Standards ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Cherry Picking ◽  
Dichotomous Thinking

Abstract The argument against innatism at the heart of Cognitive Gadgets is provocative but premature, and is vitiated by dichotomous thinking, interpretive double standards, and evidence cherry-picking. I illustrate my criticism by addressing the heritability of imitation and mindreading, the relevance of twin studies, and the meaning of cross-cultural differences in theory of mind development. Reaching an integrative understanding of genetic inheritance, plasticity, and learning is a formidable task that demands a more nuanced evolutionary approach.

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